欧拉公式和傅里叶变换

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Euler’s Formula and Fourier Transform

Posted byczxttkl October 7, 2018

Euler’s formula states that $e^{ix}=\cos x+i\sin x$. When $x=\pi$, the formula becomes $e^{\pi }=-1$ known as Euler’s identity.

欧拉公式表明 $e^{ix}=\cos x+i\sin x$。当 $x=\pi$ 时，公式变为 $e^{\pi }=-1$，称为欧拉恒等式。

An easy derivation of Euler’s formula is given in [3] and [5]. According to Maclaurin series (a special case of taylor expansion $f(x)=f(a)+f^{\prime }(a)(x-a)+\frac{f”(a)}{2!}(x-a{)}^2+\cdots$ when $a=0$),

一个简单的欧拉公式推导见于 [3] 和 [5]。根据麦克劳林级数（泰勒展开的一个特例 $f(x)=f(a)+f^{\prime }(a)(x-a)+\frac{f^{\prime \prime }(a)}{2!}(x-a{)}^2+\cdots$ 当 $a=0$ 时），

$e^x=1+x+\frac{x^2}{2!}+\frac{x^3}{3!}+\frac{x^4}{4!}+\cdots =2$

Therefore, replacing $x$ with $ix$, we have

因此，将 $x$ 替换为 $ix$，我们得到

$e^{ix}=1+ix-\frac{x^2}{2!}-\frac{x^3}{3!}+\frac{x^4}{4!}+\frac{x^5}{5!}-\cdots =2$

By Maclaurin series, we also have

根据麦克劳林级数，我们还有

$$\begin{gathered} \cos x=1-\frac{x^2}{2!}+\frac{x^4}{4!}-\frac{x^6}{6!}+\cdots \\ \sin x=x-\frac{x^3}{3!}+\frac{x^5}{5!}-\cdots =2 \end{gathered}$$

Therefore, we can rewrite $e^{ix}$ as $e^{ix}=\cos x+i\sin x$

因此，我们可以将 $e^{ix}$ 重写为 $e^{ix}=\cos x+i\sin x$。

Intuitive understanding of $e^{ix}=\cos x+i\sin x$ is illustrated in [1] together with its own video [4], as well as in 3Blue1Brown’s two videos [6][7].

$e^{ix}=\cos x+i\sin x$ 的直观理解在 [1] 中有说明，连同其自己的视频 [4]，以及在 3Blue1Brown 的两个视频 [6][7] 中。

First, from a conventional view of coordinate system, e i x = cos ⁡ x + i sin ⁡