31/10/2019 idea ---微生物组

相同种属的细菌在小鼠肠道内有竞争作用。一种杆菌已经定植，另一种却无法定植。。。“饱和微环境（niche）假说”  这一假说认为通过让一种特异的生态环境达到饱和，生物体将有效地排除相同的物种来占据这一微环境。但它不会阻止其他密切相关的物种来寄居肠道，因为这些物种有着自己特殊的微环境。遗传筛查揭示了一组从前未确定特征的基因，研究人员将它们命名为共生定居因子（commensal colonization factors，CCF），它们是脆弱拟杆菌物种特异性定居的必要及充足条件。

但饱和的微环境到底是什么？结肠中充满了混合的食物、粪便物和细菌，它无法为生物体提供太多的掠夺和占据空间。

研究人员怀疑拟杆菌属是重要的物种，是构建肠道生态系统的必要因子，接下来他们计划调查功能性异常，例如无法存留于隐窝，是否可能会影响整个微生物组以及导致身体疾病状态。

 

 

title: Control of bacterial colonization in the glands and crypts  2019

##CCF之 Nod2  （Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2), also known as caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 15 (CARD15) or inflammatory bowel disease protein 1 (IBD1)）

Nod2可以调节抗菌肽的产生。。。 在Aq里有Nod2 : Aqu2.1.21088 14607   ///   14611, 12189, 10468, 02049, 38109,

Nod2-/- 的老鼠呢，一些种属的细菌定制率就很高。。。这些数据表明，微生物的存在会在地穴内诱导nod2依赖性信号传导，进而产生抗菌分子。NOD2 plays an important role in the immune system. It recognizes bacterial molecules (peptidoglycans) and stimulates an immune reaction。NOD2 is an intracellular pattern recognition receptor, which is similar in structure to resistant proteins of plants and recognizes molecules containing the specific structure called muramyl dipeptide (MDP) that is found in certain bacteria.  Nod2是一种细胞类的模式识别受体， 其结构类似于植物的抗性蛋白，识别某些细菌中含有一种叫做壁酰二肽（mdp）的特殊结构的分子。 Nod2 has been shown to interact with NLRC4.  in Aq has a NLRC gene, Aq2.1.18125

This gene is a member of the NOD1/Apaf-1 family (also known as NOD-like receptor family) and encodes a protein with two caspase recruitment domains (CARDs) and eleven leucine-rich repeats (LRRs). The protein is primarily expressed in the peripheral blood leukocytes. It plays a role in the immune response by recognizing the bacterial molecules which possess the muramyl dipeptide (MDP) moiety and activating the NF-κB protein.

 

 

##CCF之 Reactive oxygen species (ROS) ROS are generally made by the host defense mechanisms in response to microbial perturbation.