[实战Google深度学习框架]Tensorflow(1)TF环境搭建+入门学习

本篇blog主要以code+markdown的形式介绍tf这本实战书。（建议使用jupyter来学习）

第一章第二章主要是简介和环境搭建，可以参考我之前写的配置方法win10+Anaconda3+tensorflow(gpu)+cuda9.0+cudnn7.1+ide(sublime)+好用的科学工具包配置

对于python不是很熟悉的同学可以参考非计算机专业的同学如何半个小时搞懂py3的语法

对于本章的神经网络反向原理可参考[coursera/dl&nn/week4]Deep Neural Network(summary&question)

[coursera/dl&nn/week2]Basics of Neural Network programming(2.1 Logistic Regression as a NN)

关于本章3.4完整神经网络所用的AdamOptimizer原理参考吴恩达Coursera深度学习课程 DeepLearning.ai 提炼笔记（2-2）-- 优化算法

第三章 TF入门学习

• 3.1 TF计算模型——计算图

• 3.2 TF数据模型——张量

• 3.3 TF运行模型——会话

• 3.4 Google游乐场——TF神经网络实现

 

3.1 TF计算模型——计算图

• 一般用tf简单替代TensorFlow模块名称，简单加法运算的计算图。（tf中常量需用用constant进行定义）

import tensorflow as tf
a = tf.constant([1.0, 2.0], name = "a") 
b = tf.constant([2.0, 3.0], name = "b")

result = a+ b

• 定义两个不同的图

import tensorflow as tf

g1 = tf.Graph()
with g1.as_default():
    v = tf.get_variable("v", [1], initializer = tf.zeros_initializer()) # 设置初始值为0

g2 = tf.Graph()
with g2.as_default():
    v = tf.get_variable("v", [1], initializer = tf.ones_initializer())  # 设置初始值为1
    
with tf.Session(graph = g1) as sess:
    tf.global_variables_initializer().run()
    with tf.variable_scope("", reuse=True):
        print(sess.run(tf.get_variable("v")))

with tf.Session(graph = g2) as sess:
    tf.global_variables_initializer().run()
    with tf.variable_scope("", reuse=True):
        print(sess.run(tf.get_variable("v")))

3.2 TF数据模型——张量

import tensorflow as tf
a = tf.constant([1.0, 2.0], name="a")
b = tf.constant([2.0, 3.0], name="b")
result = a + b
print(result)

sess = tf.InteractiveSession ()
print(result.eval())
sess.close()

 

3.3 TF运行模型——会话

# 创建一个会话 sess = tf.Session()
# 使用会话得到之前计算的结果 print(sess.run(result))
# 关闭会话使得本次运行中使用到的资源可以被释放 sess.close()
# 使用with statement 来创建会话
with tf.Session() as sess:
    print(sess.run(result))
# 指定默认会话
sess = tf.Session()
with sess.as_default():
     print(result.eval())

# 下面的两个命令有相同的功能。
print(sess.run(result))
print(result.eval(session=sess))

# 使用tf.InteractiveSession构建会话
sess = tf.InteractiveSession ()
print(result.eval())
sess.close()

# 通过ConfigProto配置会话
config=tf.ConfigProto(allow_soft_placement=True, log_device_placement=True)
sess1 = tf.InteractiveSession(config=config)
sess2 = tf.Session(config=config)

完整代码

# 创建一个会话。
sess = tf.Session()

# 使用会话得到之前计算的结果。
print(sess.run(result))

# 关闭会话使得本次运行中使用到的资源可以被释放。
sess.close()

# 使用with statement 来创建会话
with tf.Session() as sess:
    print(sess.run(result))

# 指定默认会话
sess = tf.Session()
with sess.as_default():
     print(result.eval())

# 下面的两个命令有相同的功能。
print(sess.run(result))
print(result.eval(session=sess))

# 使用tf.InteractiveSession构建会话
sess = tf.InteractiveSession ()
print(result.eval())
sess.close()

# 通过ConfigProto配置会话

config=tf.ConfigProto(allow_soft_placement=True, log_device_placement=True)
sess1 = tf.InteractiveSession(config=config)
sess2 = tf.Session(config=config)

 

3.4 Google游乐场——TF神经网络实现

• 三层简单神经网络

定义变量w1,w2,x

w1 = tf.Variable(tf.random_normal(shape = [2,3], stddev = 1, seed = 1))
w2 = tf.Variable(tf.random_normal(shape = [3,1], stddev = 1, seed = 1))
x = tf.constant([[0.7,0.9]])

前向传播a, y

a = tf.matmul(x , w1)
y = tf.matmul(a, w2)

调用会话运行sess

sess = tf.Session()
sess.run(w1.initializer)
sess.run(w2.initializer)  
print(sess.run(y))  
sess.close()

完整代码

# 3.4 神经网络
#  三层简单神经网络
# 定义变量
w1 = tf.Variable(tf.random_normal(shape = [2,3], stddev = 1, seed = 1))
w2 = tf.Variable(tf.random_normal(shape = [3,1], stddev = 1, seed = 1))
x = tf.constant([[0.7,0.9]])

# 前向传播
a = tf.matmul(x , w1)
y = tf.matmul(a, w2)

# 调用会话运行
sess = tf.Session()
sess.run(w1.initializer)
sess.run(w2.initializer)  
print(sess.run(y))  
sess.close()

• 使用tf.placeholder()定义x, 并使用tf.global_variables_initializer()来初始化所有的变量

# 调用placeholder
x = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, shape = (1,2),  name = "input")
a = tf.matmul(x , w1)
y = tf.matmul(a, w2)

# 使用tf.global_variables_initializer()来初始化所有的变量
sess = tf.Session()
init_op = tf.global_variables_initializer()  
sess.run(init_op)
sess.run(y, feed_dict = {x:[[0.7,0.9]]})

• 增加多个输入

# 增加多个输入
x = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, shape = (3,2),  name = "input")
a = tf.matmul(x , w1)
y = tf.matmul(a, w2)

#使用tf.global_variables_initializer()来初始化所有的变量
with tf.Session() as sess:
    init_op = tf.global_variables_initializer()
    sess.run(init_op)
    
    print(sess.run(y, feed_dict={x: [[0.7,0.9],[0.1,0.4],[0.5,0.8]]}))

 

3.5 完整神经网络demo

定义神经网络参数

batch_size = 8
w1 = tf.Variable(tf.random_normal(shape = [2,3], seed = 1, stddev = 1))
w2 = tf.Variable(tf.random_normal(shape = [3,1], seed = 1, stddev = 1))
x = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, shape = (None, 2), name = "x-input")
y_ = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, shape = (None, 1), name = "y-input") # 真实值

定义前向传播过程，损失函数及反向传播算法

a = tf.matmul(x, w1)
y = tf.matmul(a, w2) # 预测值

cross_entropy = -tf.reduce_mean(y_ * tf.log(tf.clip_by_value(y, 1e-10, 1.0))
                               + (1 - y_) * tf.log(tf.clip_by_value(1-y, 1e-10, 1.0)))
train_step = tf.train.AdamOptimizer(0.001).minimize(cross_entropy)

生成模拟数据集

rdm = RandomState(1)
X = rdm.rand(128,2)
Y = [[int(x1+x2 < 1)] for (x1, x2) in X]

创建一个会话运行Tensorflow程序

with tf.Session() as sess:
    init_op = tf.global_variables_initializer()
    sess.run(init_op)
    
    # 输出目前（未经训练）的参数取值。
    print("w1:", sess.run(w1))
    print("w2:", sess.run(w2))
    print("\n")

训练模型

    STEPS = 5000
    for i in range(STEPS):
        start = (i*batch_size) % 128
        end = (i*batch_size) % 128 + batch_size
        sess.run(train_step, feed_dict={x: X[start:end], y_: Y[start:end]})
        if i % 1000 == 0:
            total_cross_entropy = sess.run(cross_entropy, feed_dict={x: X, y_: Y})
            print("After %d training step(s), cross entropy on all data is %g" % (i, total_cross_entropy))
    
    # 输出训练后的参数取值。
    print("\n")
    print("w1:", sess.run(w1))
    print("w2:", sess.run(w2))

完整代码

import tensorflow as tf
from numpy.random import RandomState

# 定义神经网络的参数，输入和输出节点
batch_size = 8
w1 = tf.Variable(tf.random_normal(shape = [2,3], seed = 1, stddev = 1))
w2 = tf.Variable(tf.random_normal(shape = [3,1], seed = 1, stddev = 1))
x = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, shape = (None, 2), name = "x-input")
y_ = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, shape = (None, 1), name = "y-input") # 真实值

# 定义前向传播过程，损失函数及反向传播算法
a = tf.matmul(x, w1)
y = tf.matmul(a, w2) # 预测值

cross_entropy = -tf.reduce_mean(y_ * tf.log(tf.clip_by_value(y, 1e-10, 1.0))
                               + (1 - y_) * tf.log(tf.clip_by_value(1-y, 1e-10, 1.0)))
# 用adam进行学习
train_step = tf.train.AdamOptimizer(0.001).minimize(cross_entropy)

# 生成模拟数据集
rdm = RandomState(1)
X = rdm.rand(128,2)
Y = [[int(x1+x2 < 1)] for (x1, x2) in X]

# 创建一个会话来运行TensorFlow程序
with tf.Session() as sess:
    init_op = tf.global_variables_initializer()
    sess.run(init_op)
    
    # 输出目前（未经训练）的参数取值。
    print("w1:", sess.run(w1))
    print("w2:", sess.run(w2))
    print("\n")
    
    # 训练模型。
    STEPS = 5000
    for i in range(STEPS):
        start = (i*batch_size) % 128
        end = (i*batch_size) % 128 + batch_size
        sess.run(train_step, feed_dict={x: X[start:end], y_: Y[start:end]})
        if i % 1000 == 0:
            total_cross_entropy = sess.run(cross_entropy, feed_dict={x: X, y_: Y})
            print("After %d training step(s), cross entropy on all data is %g" % (i, total_cross_entropy))
    
    # 输出训练后的参数取值。
    print("\n")
    print("w1:", sess.run(w1))
    print("w2:", sess.run(w2))