相切于球体上定点的平面

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1.问题描述

该问题同二维平面上求解过圆上一点的直线问题类似。

2.已知条件

已知球体表面上一点P， 球心C，求球面上P点的切面M。

3.求解

令向量$n=P-C$,则$u=(n_y,-n_x,0),v=u\times n$
平面$M=P+t\cdot u+m\cdot v$

4.Code

close all;
clear;


rng default;

C = rand(1,3);
r = rand();
t = rand(1,2)*pi;
P = C + [r*cos(t(1))*sin(t(2)), r*sin(t(1))*sin(t(2)), r*cos(t(2))];

t = linspace(0, 2*pi, 50);
u = linspace(0, 2*pi, 50);
[t,u] = meshgrid(t,u);

x = C(1) + r*cos(t).*sin(u);
y = C(2) + r*sin(t).*sin(u);
z = C(3) + r*cos(u);

n = normalize(P - C,'norm');
m = [0, n(3), -n(2)];
l = cross(m,n);
c1 = linspace(-1,1,20);
c2 = linspace(-1,1,20);
[c1,c2] = meshgrid(c1,c2);
xx = P(1) + c1*m(1) + c2*l(1);
yy = P(2) + c1*m(2) + c2*l(2);
zz = P(3) + c1*m(3) + c2*l(3);


figure;
mesh(x,y,z);
axis equal
hold on
mesh(xx,yy,zz)
hold on
scatter(P(1),P(2), P(3),'filled')