在数学上经常会遇到一类问题
那就是拆项
数列求和中有列项相消:
1
n
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1
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1
n
−
1
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1
\frac{1}{n(n+1)}=\frac{1}{n}-\frac{1}{n+1}
n(n+1)1=n1−n+11
高等数学中有有理函数积分:
∫
5
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d
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∫
5
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d
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\int \frac{5x-1}{x^2-x-2} dx=\int \frac{5x-1}{(x+1)(x-2)}dx
∫x2−x−25x−1dx=∫(x+1)(x−2)5x−1dx
5
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1
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A
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\frac{5x-1}{(x+1)(x-2)}=\frac{A}{(x+1)} +\frac{B}{(x-2)}
(x+1)(x−2)5x−1=(x+1)A+(x−2)B
A
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2
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+
B
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=
5
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1
⇒
{
A
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B
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5
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1
A(x-2)+B(x+1)=5x-1 \Rightarrow \left \{\begin{array}{c} A+B=5\\-2A+B=-1 \end{array}\right.
A(x−2)+B(x+1)=5x−1⇒{A+B=5−2A+B=−1
自动控制中有留数法:
F
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⋯
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⋯
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F(s)=\frac{A(s)}{(s+p_1)(s+p_2)\cdots(s+p_n)}= \frac{\alpha_1}{s+p_1}+\frac{\alpha_2}{s+p_2}+\cdots+\frac{\alpha_n}{s+p_n}
F(s)=(s+p1)(s+p2)⋯(s+pn)A(s)=s+p1α1+s+p2α2+⋯+s+pnαn
α
k
为
s
=
−
p
k
处
的
留
数
\alpha_k为s=-p_k处的留数
αk为s=−pk处的留数
α
k
求
解
办
法
:
等
式
两
边
×
(
s
+
p
k
)
,
再
带
入
s
=
−
p
k
\alpha_k求解办法:等式两边×(s+p_k), 再带入s=-p_k
αk求解办法:等式两边×(s+pk),再带入s=−pk
右
边
=
α
k
右边=\alpha_k
右边=αk
左
边
=
[
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s
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p
k
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A
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⋯
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s
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p
k
左边=\left[(s+p_k)\frac{A(s)}{(s+p_1)(s+p_2)\cdots(s+p_n)}\right]_{s=-p_k}
左边=[(s+pk)(s+p1)(s+p2)⋯(s+pn)A(s)]s=−pk
即:
α
k
=
[
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s
+
p
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A
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s
)
B
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s
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]
s
=
−
p
k
\alpha_k=\left[(s+p_k)\frac{A(s)}{B(s)}\right]_{s=-p_k}
αk=[(s+pk)B(s)A(s)]s=−pk