【图像分类】基于主成分分析和核支持向量机的脑磁共振图像分类器（Matlab代码实现）

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⛳️座右铭：行百里者，半于九十。

📋📋📋本文目录如下：🎁🎁🎁

目录

💥1 概述

📚2 运行结果

🎉3 参考文献

🌈4 Matlab代码实现

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💥1 概述

文献来源：

脑磁共振图像的自动准确分类对医学分析和解释非常重要。在过去的十年中，已经提出了许多方法。

在本文中，我们提出了一种新的方法来区分给定的核磁共振图像是正常的还是异常的。该方法首先利用小波变换对图像进行特征提取，然后利用主成分分析(PCA)对特征进行降维处理。将约简特征提交给核支持向量机(KSVM)。采用Kfold分层交叉验证策略增强KSVM的泛化能力。我们选择了7种常见的脑部疾病(神经胶质瘤、脑膜瘤、阿尔茨海默病、阿尔茨海默病合并视觉失知性、匹克病、肉瘤和亨廷顿病)作为异常大脑，并从哈佛医学院网站上收集了160张MR脑图像(20张正常，140张异常)。我们用4种不同的核进行了实验，发现GRB核的分类准确率最高，达到99.38%。LIN、HPOL和IPOL内核分别达到95%、96.88%和98.12%。并将本文方法与近十年来的文献进行了比较，结果表明，基于GRB核的DWT+PCA+KSVM仍能获得最准确的分类结果。在具有3 GHz处理器和2 GB RAM的P4 IBM笔记本电脑上，256 × 256大小的图像的平均处理时间为0.0448 s。实验数据表明，该方法快速有效。它可以应用于磁共振脑图像分类领域，可以帮助医生诊断患者在一定程度上是正常还是异常。

原文摘要：

Abstract—Automated and accurate classification of MR brain images is extremely important for medical analysis and interpretation. Over the last decade numerous methods have already been proposed. In this paper, we presented a novel method to classify a given MR brain image as normal or abnormal. The proposed method first employed wavelet transform to extract features from images, followed by applying principle component analysis (PCA) to reduce the dimensions of features. The reduced features were submitted to a kernel support vector machine (KSVM). The strategy of K-fold stratified cross validation was used to enhance generalization of KSVM. We chose seven common brain diseases (glioma, meningioma, Alzheimer’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease plus visual agnosia, Pick’s disease, sarcoma, and Huntington’s disease) as abnormal brains, and collected 160 MR brain images (20 normal and 140 abnormal) from Harvard Medical School website. We performed our proposed methods with four different kernels, and found that the GRB kernel achieves the highest classification accuracy as 99.38%. The LIN, HPOL, and IPOL kernel achieves 95%, 96.88%, and 98.12%, respectively. We also compared our method to those from literatures in the last decade, and the results showed our DWT+PCA+KSVM with GRB kernel
still achieved the best accurate classification results. The averaged processing time for a 256 × 256 size image on a laptop of P4 IBM with 3 GHz processor and 2 GB RAM is 0.0448 s. From the experimental data, our method was effective and rapid. It could be applied to the field of MR brain image classification and can assist the doctors to diagnose where a patient is normal or abnormal to certain degrees.

📚2 运行结果

 

 

部分代码：

% Apply the colorform
lab_he = applycform(I,cform);

% Classify the colors in a*b* colorspace using K means clustering.
% Since the image has 3 colors create 3 clusters.
% Measure the distance using Euclidean Distance Metric.
ab = double(lab_he(:,:,2:3));
nrows = size(ab,1);
ncols = size(ab,2);
ab = reshape(ab,nrows*ncols,2);
nColors = 1;
[cluster_idx cluster_center] = kmeans(ab,nColors,'distance','sqEuclidean', ...
                                      'Replicates',1);
%[cluster_idx cluster_center] = kmeans(ab,nColors,'distance','sqEuclidean','Replicates',3);
% Label every pixel in tha image using results from K means
pixel_labels = reshape(cluster_idx,nrows,ncols);
%figure,imshow(pixel_labels,[]), title('Image Labeled by Cluster Index');

% Create a blank cell array to store the results of clustering
segmented_images = cell(1,3);
% Create RGB label using pixel_labels
rgb_label = repmat(pixel_labels,[1,1,3]);

for k = 1:nColors
    colors = I;
    colors(rgb_label ~= k) = 0;
    segmented_images{k} = colors;
end

%
figure, imshow(segmented_images{1});title('Objects in Cluster 1');

%figure, imshow(segmented_images{2});title('Objects in Cluster 2');

seg_img = im2bw(segmented_images{1});
figure, imshow(seg_img);title('Segmented Tumor');
%seg_img = img;
% Extract features using DWT
x = double(seg_img);
m = size(seg_img,1);
n = size(seg_img,2);
%signal1 = (rand(m,1));
%winsize = floor(size(x,1));
%winsize = int32(floor(size(x)));
%wininc = int32(10);
%J = int32(floor(log(size(x,1))/log(2)));
%Features = getmswpfeat(signal,winsize,wininc,J,'matlab');

%m = size(img,1);
%signal = rand(m,1);
signal1 = seg_img(:,:);
%Feat = getmswpfeat(signal,winsize,wininc,J,'matlab');
%Features = getmswpfeat(signal,winsize,wininc,J,'matlab');

[cA1,cH1,cV1,cD1] = dwt2(signal1,'db4');
[cA2,cH2,cV2,cD2] = dwt2(cA1,'db4');
[cA3,cH3,cV3,cD3] = dwt2(cA2,'db4');

DWT_feat = [cA3,cH3,cV3,cD3];
G = pca(DWT_feat);
whos DWT_feat
whos G
g = graycomatrix(G);
stats = graycoprops(g,'Contrast Correlation Energy Homogeneity');
Contrast = stats.Contrast;
Correlation = stats.Correlation;
Energy = stats.Energy;
Homogeneity = stats.Homogeneity;
Mean = mean2(G);
Standard_Deviation = std2(G);
Entropy = entropy(G);
RMS = mean2(rms(G));
%Skewness = skewness(img)

🎉3 参考文献

文章中一些内容引自网络，会注明出处或引用为参考文献，难免有未尽之处，如有不妥，请随时联系删除。

🌈4 Matlab代码实现