温(mian)馨(ze)提(sheng)示(ming):
- 此文内容质量差，仅作为个人学习过程记录
- 所有内容在UnityShader入门精要上都有
- 从typora复制粘贴过来格式问题还挺多的，懒得慢慢改了hh ^^
纹理贴图
同之前一样分别创建场景并去掉天空盒、创建物体、材质、shader
简单的纹理贴图如下实现：
// Upgrade NOTE: replaced '_Object2World' with 'unity_ObjectToWorld'
Shader "Custom/SingleTexture_youyider"
{
Properties
{
_Color ("Color Tint", Color) = (1,1,1,1)
_MainTex ("Main Tex", 2D) = "white" {}
_Gloss ("Gloss", Range(8.0,256)) = 20
_Specular("Specular",Color)=(1,1,1,1)
}
SubShader
{
Pass
{
Tags{"LightMode"="ForwardBase"}
CGPROGRAM
#pragma vertex vert
#pragma fragment frag
#include"Lighting.cginc"
fixed4 _Color;
float _Gloss;
fixed4 _Specular;
sampler2D _MainTex;
float4 _MainTex_ST;
struct a2v
{
float4 vertex:POSITION;
float3 normal:NORMAL;
float4 texcoord:TEXCOORD0;
};
struct v2f
{
float4 pos:SV_POSITION;
float3 worldNormal:TEXCOORD0;
float3 worldPos:TEXCOORD1;
float2 uv:TEXCOORD2;
};
v2f vert(a2v v)
{
v2f o;
o.pos=UnityObjectToClipPos(v.vertex);
o.worldNormal=UnityObjectToWorldNormal(v.normal);
o.worldPos=mul(unity_ObjectToWorld,v.vertex).xyz;
o.uv=v.texcoord.xy*_MainTex_ST.xy+_MainTex_ST.zw;
return o;
}
fixed4 frag(v2f i):SV_Target
{
fixed3 worldNormal=normalize(i.worldNormal);
fixed3 worldLightDir=normalize(UnityWorldSpaceLightDir(i.worldPos));
fixed3 albedo=tex2D(_MainTex,i.uv).rgb*_Color.rgb;
fixed3 ambient=UNITY_LIGHTMODEL_AMBIENT.xyz*albedo;
fixed3 diffuse=_LightColor0.rgb*albedo*max(0,dot(worldNormal,worldLightDir));
fixed3 viewDir=normalize(UnityWorldSpaceViewDir(i.worldPos));
fixed3 halfDir=normalize(worldLightDir+viewDir);
fixed3 specular=_LightColor0.rgb*_Specular.rgb*pow(max(0,dot(worldNormal,halfDir)),_Gloss);
return fixed4(ambient + diffuse +specular,1.0);
}
ENDCG
}
}
FallBack "Specular"
}
得到的效果如下：
凹凸贴图
凹凸映射有两种，一种是高度纹理，一种是法线纹理。前者存入的是强度值，可以由像素计算灰度值得到然后计算法线朝向；后者存储的可以是在模型空间下的法线，也可以是每个顶点在切线空间下的法线扰动TBN矩阵。由于模型空间的法线是绝对的，而切线空间的法线是相对的，所以很多时候用后者可以做到很多前者做不到的东西。
即使是在切线空间中存储了法线，但是在计算光照的时候还是有两种方法，分别是在切线空间下计算或在世界空间下计算，前者效率更高而后者通用性更强
在切线空间下计算光照
值得注意的是切线的第四个分量是切线空间的方向性。它的值通常是+1或-1，用于确定副切线是沿着正方向还是负方向。这是因为副切线可以通过切线和法线的叉乘来计算，但是叉乘的结果可能指向两个可能的方向之一。切线的w分量可以确保TBN矩阵的正确性。
代码如下：
Shader "Custom/NormalMapTangentSpace_youyider"
{
Properties
{
_Color ("Color Tint", Color) = (1,1,1,1)
_MainTex ("Main Tex", 2D) = "white" {}
_Gloss ("Gloss", Range(8.0,256)) = 20
_Specular("Specular",Color)=(1,1,1,1)
_BumpMap("Normal Map",2D)="bump"{}
_BumpScale("Bump Scale",Float)=1.0
}
SubShader
{
Pass
{
Tags{"LightMode"="ForwardBase"}
CGPROGRAM
#pragma vertex vert
#pragma fragment frag
#include"Lighting.cginc"
fixed4 _Color;
float _Gloss;
fixed4 _Specular;
sampler2D _MainTex;
float4 _MainTex_ST;
float _BumpScale;
sampler2D _BumpMap;
float4 _BumpMap_ST;
struct a2v
{
float4 vertex:POSITION;
float3 normal:NORMAL;
float4 texcoord:TEXCOORD0;
float4 tangent:TANGENT;
};
struct v2f
{
float4 pos:SV_POSITION;
float4 uv:TEXCOORD0;
float3 lightDir:TEXCOORD1;
float3 viewDir:TEXCOORD2;
};
v2f vert(a2v v)
{
v2f o;
o.pos=UnityObjectToClipPos(v.vertex);
o.uv.xy=v.texcoord.xy*_MainTex_ST.xy+_MainTex_ST.zw;
o.uv.zw=v.texcoord.xy*_BumpMap_ST.xy+_BumpMap_ST.zw;
float3 binormal=cross(normalize(v.normal),normalize(v.tangent.xyz))*v.tangent.w;
float3x3 rotation=float3x3(v.tangent.xyz,binormal,v.normal);
//TANGENT_SPACE_ROTATION;
o.lightDir=mul(rotation,ObjSpaceLightDir(v.vertex)).xyz;
o.viewDir=mul(rotation,ObjSpaceViewDir(v.vertex)).xyz;
return o;
}
fixed4 frag(v2f i):SV_Target
{
fixed3 tangentLightDir=normalize(i.lightDir);
fixed3 tangentViewDir=normalize(i.viewDir);
fixed4 packedNormal=tex2D(_BumpMap,i.uv.zw);
fixed3 tangentNormal;
//tangentNormal.xy=(packedNormal.xy*2-1)*_BumpScale;
//tangentNormal.z=sqrt(1.0-saturate(dot(tangentNormal.xy,tangentNormal.xy)));
tangentNormal=UnpackNormal(packedNormal);
tangentNormal.xy*=_BumpScale;
tangentNormal.z=sqrt(1.0-saturate(dot(tangentNormal.xy,tangentNormal.xy)));
fixed3 albedo=tex2D(_MainTex,i.uv).rgb*_Color.rgb;
fixed3 ambient=UNITY_LIGHTMODEL_AMBIENT.xyz*albedo;
fixed3 diffuse=_LightColor0.rgb*albedo*max(0,dot(tangentNormal,tangentLightDir));
fixed3 halfDir=normalize(tangentLightDir+tangentViewDir);
fixed3 specular=_LightColor0.rgb*_Specular.rgb*pow(max(0,dot(tangentNormal,halfDir)),_Gloss);
return fixed4(ambient + diffuse +specular,1.0);
}
ENDCG
}
}
FallBack "Specular"
}
在材质面板的右上角选择好贴图就可以看到：
修改Bump Scale让他不那么皱巴巴的：
在世界空间下计算
在世界空间下计算的话，要从vs计算变换矩阵然后传给fs
代码如下：
// Upgrade NOTE: replaced '_Object2World' with 'unity_ObjectToWorld'
Shader "Custom/NormalMapWorldSpace_youyider"
{
Properties
{
_Color ("Color Tint", Color) = (1,1,1,1)
_MainTex ("Main Tex", 2D) = "white" {}
_Gloss ("Gloss", Range(8.0,256)) = 20
_Specular("Specular",Color)=(1,1,1,1)
_BumpMap("Normal Map",2D)="bump"{}
_BumpScale("Bump Scale",Float)=1.0
}
SubShader
{
Pass
{
Tags{"LightMode"="ForwardBase"}
CGPROGRAM
#pragma vertex vert
#pragma fragment frag
#include"Lighting.cginc"
fixed4 _Color;
float _Gloss;
fixed4 _Specular;
sampler2D _MainTex;
float4 _MainTex_ST;
float _BumpScale;
sampler2D _BumpMap;
float4 _BumpMap_ST;
struct a2v
{
float4 vertex:POSITION;
float3 normal:NORMAL;
float4 texcoord:TEXCOORD0;
float4 tangent:TANGENT;
};
struct v2f
{
float4 pos:SV_POSITION;
float4 uv:TEXCOORD0;
float4 TtoW0:TEXCOORD1;
float4 TtoW1:TEXCOORD2;
float4 TtoW2:TEXCOORD3;
};
v2f vert(a2v v)
{
v2f o;
o.pos=UnityObjectToClipPos(v.vertex);
o.uv.xy=v.texcoord.xy*_MainTex_ST.xy+_MainTex_ST.zw;
o.uv.zw=v.texcoord.xy*_BumpMap_ST.xy+_BumpMap_ST.zw;
float3 worldPos=mul(unity_ObjectToWorld,v.vertex).xyz;
fixed3 worldNormal=UnityObjectToWorldNormal(v.normal);
fixed3 worldTangent=UnityObjectToWorldDir(v.tangent.xyz);
fixed3 worldBinormal=cross(worldNormal,worldTangent)*v.tangent.w;
o.TtoW0=float4(worldTangent.x,worldBinormal.x,worldNormal.x,worldPos.x);
o.TtoW1=float4(worldTangent.y,worldBinormal.y,worldNormal.y,worldPos.y);
o.TtoW2=float4(worldTangent.z,worldBinormal.z,worldNormal.z,worldPos.z);
return o;
}
fixed4 frag(v2f i):SV_Target
{
float3 worldPos=float3(i.TtoW0.w,i.TtoW1.w,i.TtoW2.w);
fixed3 lightDir=normalize(UnityWorldSpaceLightDir(worldPos));
fixed3 viewDir=normalize(UnityWorldSpaceViewDir(worldPos));
fixed3 bump=UnpackNormal(tex2D(_BumpMap,i.uv.zw));
bump*=_BumpScale;
bump.z=sqrt(1.0-saturate(dot(bump.xy,bump.xy)));
bump=normalize(half3(dot(i.TtoW0.xyz,bump),dot(i.TtoW1.xyz,bump),dot(i.TtoW2,bump)));
fixed3 albedo=tex2D(_MainTex,i.uv).rgb*_Color.rgb;
fixed3 ambient=UNITY_LIGHTMODEL_AMBIENT.xyz*albedo;
fixed3 diffuse=_LightColor0.rgb*albedo*max(0,dot(bump,lightDir));
fixed3 halfDir=normalize(lightDir+viewDir);
fixed3 specular=_LightColor0.rgb*_Specular.rgb*pow(max(0,dot(bump,halfDir)),_Gloss);
return fixed4(ambient + diffuse +specular,1.0);
}
ENDCG
}
}
FallBack "Specular"
}
可以看到代码v2f的结构体中的TtoW用了float4，多出来的三个w分量可以用来存储世界空间的顶点位置
vs函数中v.tangent.w部分是一个技巧，用于调整副切线的方向；并且三个TtoW的xyz分量共同构成了从切线空间到世界空间的矩阵
渐变纹理
默认的场景样子
代码如下：
Shader "Custom/RampTexture_youyider"
{
Properties
{
_Color ("Color Tint", Color) = (1,1,1,1)
_RampTex ("Ramp Tex", 2D) = "white" {}
_Gloss ("Gloss", Range(8.0,256)) = 20
_Specular("Specular",Color)=(1,1,1,1)
}
SubShader
{
Pass
{
Tags{"LightMode"="ForwardBase"}
CGPROGRAM
#pragma vertex vert
#pragma fragment frag
#include"Lighting.cginc"
fixed4 _Color;
float _Gloss;
fixed4 _Specular;
sampler2D _RampTex;
float4 _RampTex_ST;
struct a2v
{
float4 vertex:POSITION;
float3 normal:NORMAL;
float4 texcoord:TEXCOORD0;
};
struct v2f
{
float4 pos:SV_POSITION;
float3 worldNormal:TEXCOORD0;
float3 worldPos:TEXCOORD1;
float2 uv:TEXCOORD2;
};
v2f vert(a2v v)
{
v2f o;
o.pos=UnityObjectToClipPos(v.vertex);
o.worldNormal=UnityObjectToWorldNormal(v.normal);
o.worldPos=mul(unity_ObjectToWorld,v.vertex).xyz;
o.uv=TRANSFORM_TEX(v.texcoord,_RampTex);
return o;
}
fixed4 frag(v2f i):SV_Target
{
fixed3 worldNormal=normalize(i.worldNormal);
fixed3 worldLightDir=normalize(UnityWorldSpaceLightDir(i.worldPos));
fixed3 ambient=UNITY_LIGHTMODEL_AMBIENT.xyz;
fixed halfLambert=0.5*dot(worldNormal,worldLightDir)+0.5;
fixed3 diffuseColor=tex2D(_RampTex,fixed2(halfLambert,halfLambert)).rgb*_Color.rgb;
fixed3 diffuse=_LightColor0.rgb*diffuseColor;
fixed3 viewDir=normalize(UnityWorldSpaceViewDir(i.worldPos));
fixed3 halfDir=normalize(worldLightDir+viewDir);
fixed3 specular=_LightColor0.rgb*_Specular.rgb*pow(max(0,dot(worldNormal,halfDir)),_Gloss);
return fixed4(ambient + diffuse +specular,1.0);
}
ENDCG
}
}
FallBack "Specular"
}
效果如下：很有二次元的味道
遮罩纹理
代码如下：
Shader "Custom/RampTexture_youyider"
{
Properties
{
_Color ("Color Tint", Color) = (1,1,1,1)
_MainTex ("Main Tex", 2D) = "white" {}
_Gloss ("Gloss", Range(8.0,256)) = 20
_Specular("Specular",Color)=(1,1,1,1)
_SpecularMask("Specular Mask",2D)="white"{}
_SpecularScale("Specular Scale",Float)=1.0
_BumpMap("Normal Map",2D)="bump"{}
_BumpScale("Bump Scale",Float)=1.0
}
SubShader
{
Pass
{
Tags{"LightMode"="ForwardBase"}
CGPROGRAM
#pragma vertex vert
#pragma fragment frag
#include"Lighting.cginc"
fixed4 _Color;
float _Gloss;
fixed4 _Specular;
sampler2D _MainTex;
float4 _MainTex_ST;
float _BumpScale;
sampler2D _BumpMap;
float _SpecularScale;
sampler2D _SpecularMask;
struct a2v
{
float4 vertex:POSITION;
float3 normal:NORMAL;
float4 texcoord:TEXCOORD0;
float4 tangent:TANGENT;
};
struct v2f
{
float4 pos:SV_POSITION;
float2 uv:TEXCOORD0;
float3 lightDir:TEXCOORD1;
float3 viewDir:TEXCOORD2;
};
v2f vert(a2v v)
{
v2f o;
o.pos=UnityObjectToClipPos(v.vertex);
o.uv.xy=v.texcoord.xy*_MainTex_ST.xy+_MainTex_ST.zw;
TANGENT_SPACE_ROTATION;
o.lightDir=mul(rotation,ObjSpaceLightDir(v.vertex)).xyz;
o.viewDir=mul(rotation,ObjSpaceViewDir(v.vertex)).xyz;
return o;
}
fixed4 frag(v2f i):SV_Target
{
fixed3 tangentLightDir=normalize(i.lightDir);
fixed3 tangentViewDir=normalize(i.viewDir);
fixed4 packedNormal=tex2D(_BumpMap,i.uv);
fixed3 tangentNormal=UnpackNormal(packedNormal);
tangentNormal.xy*=_BumpScale;
tangentNormal.z=sqrt(1.0-saturate(dot(tangentNormal.xy,tangentNormal.xy)));
fixed3 albedo=tex2D(_MainTex,i.uv).rgb*_Color.rgb;
fixed3 ambient=UNITY_LIGHTMODEL_AMBIENT.xyz*albedo;
fixed3 diffuse=_LightColor0.rgb*albedo*max(0,dot(tangentNormal,tangentLightDir));
fixed3 halfDir=normalize(tangentLightDir+tangentViewDir);
fixed specularMask=tex2D(_SpecularMask,i.uv).r*_SpecularScale;
fixed3 specular=_LightColor0.rgb*_Specular.rgb*pow(max(0,dot(tangentNormal,halfDir)),_Gloss)*specularMask;
return fixed4(ambient + diffuse +specular,1.0);
}
ENDCG
}
}
FallBack "Specular"
}
绝大部分和以前的都差不多，只有在fs中对specular项多乘了个系数。
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