SPI协议实现

1. SPI是全双工，串行，同步的协议。
   
   SPI先发高位再发低位。

2. 有四种模式，通常采用0和3，因为支持flash读写。
   其中0模式实现如下
   
   将MOSI和MISO连接一起形成回环测试。发送1010 10 10
   

采用第一种模式，空闲状态为低电平

module spi_drive#(
    parameter                           P_DATA_WIDTH        = 8 ,
                                        P_READ_DATA_WIDTH   = 8 , 
                                        P_CPOL              = 0 ,
                                        P_CPHL              = 0 
)(                  
    input                               i_clk               ,
    input                               i_rst               ,

    output                              o_spi_clk           ,//o是主??
    output                              o_spi_cs            ,
    output                              o_spi_mosi          ,//主机发???
    input                               i_spi_miso          ,//从机发???

    input   [P_DATA_WIDTH - 1 :0]       i_user_data         ,//从机发???数??
    input                               i_user_valid        ,//从机数据是否有效  可以当恒定的??
    output                              o_user_ready        ,

    output  [P_READ_DATA_WIDTH - 1:0]   o_user_read_data    ,
    output                              o_user_read_valid   
);

/***************function**************/

/***************parameter*************/

/***************port******************/             

/***************mechine***************/

/***************reg*******************/
reg                                 ro_spi_clk          ;
reg                                 ro_spi_cs           ;
reg                                 ro_spi_mosi         ;
reg                                 ro_user_ready       ;
reg  [P_DATA_WIDTH - 1:0]           r_user_data         ;
reg                                 r_run               ;
reg  [15:0]                         r_cnt               ;
reg                                 r_spi_cnt           ;
reg  [P_READ_DATA_WIDTH - 1:0]      ro_user_read_data   ;
reg                                 ro_user_read_valid  ;
reg                                 r_run_1d            ;
/***************wire******************/
wire                                w_user_active       ;
wire                                w_run_negedge       ;

/***************component*************/

/***************assign****************/
assign o_spi_clk            = ro_spi_clk            ;
assign o_spi_cs             = ro_spi_cs             ;
assign o_spi_mosi           = ro_spi_mosi           ;
assign o_user_ready         = ro_user_ready         ;
assign o_user_read_data     = ro_user_read_data     ;
assign o_user_read_valid    = ro_user_read_valid    ;
assign w_run_negedge        = !r_run & r_run_1d     ;  //??测下降沿

/***************always****************/
assign w_user_active = i_user_valid & o_user_ready;

always@(posedge i_clk,posedge i_rst)
begin
    if(i_rst)
        ro_user_ready <='d1;
    else if(w_user_active)
        ro_user_ready <= 'd0;
    else if(w_run_negedge)
        ro_user_ready <= 'd1;
    else 
        ro_user_ready <= ro_user_ready;
end

always@(posedge i_clk,posedge i_rst)        //用户发???过来的数据
begin
    if(i_rst)
        r_user_data <= 'd0;
    else if(w_user_active)
        r_user_data <= i_user_data;
    else if(r_spi_cnt)
        r_user_data <= r_user_data << 1;
    else 
        r_user_data <= r_user_data;    
end

always@(posedge i_clk,posedge i_rst)   //运行状???
begin
    if(i_rst)
        r_run <= 'd0;
    else if(r_spi_cnt && r_cnt == 7)
        r_run <= 'd0;
    else if(w_user_active)
        r_run <= 'd1;
    else 
        r_run <= r_run;
end

always@(posedge i_clk,posedge i_rst)    //运行状???慢??拍，??测下降沿
begin
    if(i_rst)
        r_run_1d <= 'd0;
    else
        r_run_1d <= r_run;
end
always@(posedge i_clk,posedge i_rst)   //写了多少数???的计数??  spi的长?? spi数据的长度
begin
    if(i_rst)
        r_cnt <= 'd0;
    else if(r_spi_cnt && r_cnt == 7)
        r_cnt <= 'd0;
    else if(r_spi_cnt)
        r_cnt <= r_cnt + 1;
    else 
        r_cnt <= r_cnt;
end
 
always@(posedge i_clk,posedge i_rst)        //
begin
    if(i_rst)
        r_spi_cnt <= 'd0;
    else if(r_run)
        r_spi_cnt <= r_spi_cnt + 1;
    else 
        r_spi_cnt <= 'd0;
end

always@(posedge i_clk,posedge i_rst)//                                                                  
begin                                                           
    if(i_rst)                                                           
        ro_spi_clk <= P_CPOL;                                                                   
    else if(r_run)                                                          
        ro_spi_clk <= ~ro_spi_clk;                                                                  
    else                                                            
        ro_spi_clk <= P_CPOL;                                                           
end

always@(posedge i_clk,posedge i_rst)
begin
    if(i_rst)
        ro_spi_cs <= 'd1;
    else if(w_user_active)
        ro_spi_cs <= 'd0;
    else if(!r_run)
        ro_spi_cs <= 'd1;
    else 
        ro_spi_cs <= ro_spi_cs;
end


always@(posedge i_clk,posedge i_rst)
begin
    if(i_rst)
        ro_spi_mosi <= 'd0;                  //主机发???，从机接收主句output 从机input
    else if(w_user_active)
        ro_spi_mosi <= i_user_data[P_DATA_WIDTH - 1];
    else if(r_spi_cnt)
        ro_spi_mosi <= r_user_data[P_DATA_WIDTH - 2];//因为提前接收的问题导致应该先发???次高位
    else 
        ro_spi_mosi <= ro_spi_mosi;
end     

always@(posedge ro_spi_clk,posedge i_rst)
begin
    if(i_rst)
        ro_user_read_data <= 'd0;
    // else if()
    else
        ro_user_read_data <= {ro_user_read_data[P_DATA_WIDTH - 2 : 0],i_spi_miso};//从机发???的数据
    // else if()

    // else 
end

always@(posedge i_clk,posedge i_rst) 
begin
    if(i_rst)
        ro_user_read_valid <= 'd0;
    else if(r_spi_cnt && r_cnt == 7)
        ro_user_read_valid <= 'd1;
    else 
        ro_user_read_valid <= 'd0;
end

endmodule