超几何函数的一般形式为
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_pF_q
pFq, 超几何函数的一般形式定义为:
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_pF_q(a_1,\dots ,a_p;b_1,\cdots,b_q;\mathrm X)=\sum_{k=0}^\infty\sum_\kappa \frac{(a_1)_\kappa \cdots (a_p)_\kappa}{(b_1)_\kappa \cdots (b_q)_\kappa}\frac{C_\kappa (\mathrm X)}{k!}
pFq(a1,…,ap;b1,⋯,bq;X)=k=0∑∞κ∑(b1)κ⋯(bq)κ(a1)κ⋯(ap)κk!Cκ(X)
比较常见的超几何函数包括
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2F1 等,下面给出这些函数和矩阵之间的关系。
(1)
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\begin{aligned} _0F_0(\mathrm X)&=\sum_{k=0}^\infty \sum_\kappa \frac{C_\kappa(\mathrm X)}{k!}\\ &=\sum_{k=0}^\infty \frac{(\textrm{tr} \mathrm X)^k}{k!}\\ &=\textrm{etr}( \mathrm X)\end{aligned}
0F0(X)=k=0∑∞κ∑k!Cκ(X)=k=0∑∞k!(trX)k=etr(X)
(2)
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\begin{aligned} _1F_0(\mathrm X)&=\sum_{k=0}^\infty \sum_\kappa (a)_\kappa \frac{C_\kappa(\mathrm X)}{k!} \hspace {2em} (||\mathrm X||<1)\\ \\&=\det (I- \mathrm X) ^{-a}\end{aligned}
1F0(X)=k=0∑∞κ∑(a)κk!Cκ(X)(∣∣X∣∣<1)=det(I−X)−a
(3)
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_0F_1({1\over 2}n;{1\over 4}XX')=\int_{O(n)} \textrm{etr}(XH_1) (dH)
0F1(21n;41XX′)=∫O(n)etr(XH1)(dH)
(4)
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_1F_1
1F1 (Classical “confluent” hypergeometric function)
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\begin{aligned} _1F_1(a;c;X)=& {\Gamma_m(c)\over \Gamma_m(a)\Gamma_m(c-a)}\int_{0<Y<I_m} \textrm{etr}(XY) (\det Y)^{a-(m+1)/2}\\ \\ &\cdot \det (I-Y)^{c-a-(m+1)/2} (dY) \end{aligned}
1F1(a;c;X)=Γm(a)Γm(c−a)Γm(c)∫0<Y<Imetr(XY)(detY)a−(m+1)/2⋅det(I−Y)c−a−(m+1)/2(dY)
(5)
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_2F_1
2F1 (Gaussian hypergeometric function)
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\begin{aligned} _2F_1(a;b;c;X)=& {\Gamma_m(c)\over \Gamma_m(a)\Gamma_m(c-a)}\int_{0<Y<I_m} \det (I-XY)^{-b}(\det Y)^{a-(m+1)/2}\\ \\ &\cdot \det (I-Y)^{c-a-(m+1)/2} (dY) \end{aligned}
2F1(a;b;c;X)=Γm(a)Γm(c−a)Γm(c)∫0<Y<Imdet(I−XY)−b(detY)a−(m+1)/2⋅det(I−Y)c−a−(m+1)/2(dY)