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Matrix-free solvers
像ConjugateGradient 和 BiCGSTAB这样的迭代求解器可以用在 matrix free context。为此,用户必须提供一个继承EigenBase<>的封装类,并实现下面的方法:
- Index rows() 和 Index cols():分别返回行数和列数。
- operator* :操作数分别是你自己的类型和一个Eigen密集列向量。
Eigen::internal::traits<> 也必须为封装类型专门定制。
下面的例程,对Eigen::SparseMatrix进行了封装:
// 参考链接:http://eigen.tuxfamily.org/dox/group__MatrixfreeSolverExample.html
#include <iostream>
#include <Eigen/Core>
#include <Eigen/Dense>
#include <Eigen/IterativeLinearSolvers>
#include <unsupported/Eigen/IterativeSolvers>
class MatrixReplacement; //声明类,定义在下面
using Eigen::SparseMatrix;
namespace Eigen {
namespace internal {
// MatrixReplacement和SparseMatrix相似,因此继承它的特性
template<>
struct traits<MatrixReplacement> : public Eigen::internal::traits<Eigen::SparseMatrix<double> >
{};
}
}
// matrix-free wrapper的简单例子:将用户类型转换成Eigen兼容的类型
// 为了简单,该例子简单封装了Eigen::SparseMatrix
class MatrixReplacement : public Eigen::EigenBase<MatrixReplacement> {
public:
// Required typedefs, constants, and method:
typedef double Scalar;
typedef double RealScalar;
typedef int StorageIndex;
enum {
ColsAtCompileTime = Eigen::Dynamic,
MaxColsAtCompileTime = Eigen::Dynamic,
IsRowMajor = false
};
Index rows() const { return mp_mat->rows(); }
Index cols() const { return mp_mat->cols(); }
template<typename Rhs>
Eigen::Product<MatrixReplacement,Rhs,Eigen::AliasFreeProduct> operator*(const Eigen::MatrixBase<Rhs>& x) const {
return Eigen::Product<MatrixReplacement,Rhs,Eigen::AliasFreeProduct>(*this, x.derived());
}
// 自定义API:
MatrixReplacement() : mp_mat(0) {}
void attachMyMatrix(const SparseMatrix<double> &mat) {
mp_mat = &mat;
}
const SparseMatrix<double> my_matrix() const { return *mp_mat; }
private:
const SparseMatrix<double> *mp_mat;
};
// Implementation of MatrixReplacement * Eigen::DenseVector though a specialization of internal::generic_product_impl:
namespace Eigen {
namespace internal {
template<typename Rhs>
struct generic_product_impl<MatrixReplacement, Rhs, SparseShape, DenseShape, GemvProduct> // GEMV stands for matrix-vector
: generic_product_impl_base<MatrixReplacement,Rhs,generic_product_impl<MatrixReplacement,Rhs> >
{
typedef typename Product<MatrixReplacement,Rhs>::Scalar Scalar;
template<typename Dest>
static void scaleAndAddTo(Dest& dst, const MatrixReplacement& lhs, const Rhs& rhs, const Scalar& alpha)
{
// This method should implement "dst += alpha * lhs * rhs" inplace,
// however, for iterative solvers, alpha is always equal to 1, so let's not bother about it.
assert(alpha==Scalar(1) && "scaling is not implemented");
// Here we could simply call dst.noalias() += lhs.my_matrix() * rhs,
// but let's do something fancier (and less efficient):
for(Index i=0; i<lhs.cols(); ++i)
dst += rhs(i) * lhs.my_matrix().col(i);
}
};
}
}
int main()
{
int n = 10;
Eigen::SparseMatrix<double> S = Eigen::MatrixXd::Random(n,n).sparseView(0.5,1);
S = S.transpose()*S; //S'S 对称正定矩阵
MatrixReplacement A;
A.attachMyMatrix(S);
Eigen::VectorXd b(n), x;
b.setRandom();
// 使用不同的迭代求解器,来求解 Ax = b with matrix-free version:
{
Eigen::ConjugateGradient<MatrixReplacement, Eigen::Lower|Eigen::Upper, Eigen::IdentityPreconditioner> cg;
cg.compute(A);
x = cg.solve(b);
std::cout << "CG: #iterations: " << cg.iterations() << ", estimated error: " << cg.error() << std::endl;
}
{
Eigen::BiCGSTAB<MatrixReplacement, Eigen::IdentityPreconditioner> bicg;
bicg.compute(A);
x = bicg.solve(b);
std::cout << "BiCGSTAB: #iterations: " << bicg.iterations() << ", estimated error: " << bicg.error() << std::endl;
}
{
Eigen::GMRES<MatrixReplacement, Eigen::IdentityPreconditioner> gmres;
gmres.compute(A);
x = gmres.solve(b);
std::cout << "GMRES: #iterations: " << gmres.iterations() << ", estimated error: " << gmres.error() << std::endl;
}
{
Eigen::DGMRES<MatrixReplacement, Eigen::IdentityPreconditioner> gmres;
gmres.compute(A);
x = gmres.solve(b);
std::cout << "DGMRES: #iterations: " << gmres.iterations() << ", estimated error: " << gmres.error() << std::endl;
}
{
Eigen::MINRES<MatrixReplacement, Eigen::Lower|Eigen::Upper, Eigen::IdentityPreconditioner> minres;
minres.compute(A);
x = minres.solve(b);
std::cout << "MINRES: #iterations: " << minres.iterations() << ", estimated error: " << minres.error() << std::endl;
}
}
参考
- http://eigen.tuxfamily.org/dox/group__MatrixfreeSolverExample.html