求解方程Acos + Bsin = C

最新推荐文章于 2025-04-23 22:09:31 发布

henry.zhu51

最新推荐文章于 2025-04-23 22:09:31 发布

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分类专栏：基础数学文章标签：解方程

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问题

求解
$*\cos(\theta) + B*\sin(\theta) = C$
中的 $\theta$ 值。

方法一

采用三角函数的万能公式进行求解，假设 $\tan(\frac{\theta}{2})$
其中
$\frac{1}{\cos(\frac{\theta}{2})^2} = 1 + \tan(\frac{\theta}{2})^2$
则

$\cos(\theta) = \cos(\frac{\theta}{2})^2 - \sin(\frac{\theta}{2})^2 \\ \qquad\qquad =\cos(\frac{\theta}{2})^2(1 - \frac{\sin(\frac{\theta}{2})^2}{\cos(\frac{\theta}{2})^2}) \\ \qquad \quad =\frac{1}{\frac{1}{\cos(\frac{\theta}{2})^2}}(1 - \tan(\frac{\theta}{2})^2)\\ \qquad \qquad \qquad =\frac{1}{1 + \tan(\frac{\theta}{2})^2}(1 - \tan(\frac{\theta}{2})^2)\\ \!\!=\frac{1 - \tan(\frac{\theta}{2})^2}{1 + \tan(\frac{\theta}{2})^2}\\ \!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!=\frac{1 - t^2}{1 + t^2}$

$\sin(\theta) = 2*\sin(\frac{\theta}{2})*\cos(\frac{\theta}{2}) \\ \qquad\qquad= 2*(\frac{\sin(\frac{\theta}{2})}{\cos(\frac{\theta}{2})})*\cos(\frac{\theta}{2})^2\\ \qquad\qquad\quad= 2*\tan(\frac{\theta}{2})*\frac{1}{1+\tan(\frac{\theta}{2})^2}\\ = \frac{2*\tan(\frac{\theta}{2})}{1+\tan(\frac{\theta}{2})^2}\\ \!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!= \frac{2*t}{1 + t^2}$
则上述方程可以写为
$A*\frac{1 - t^2}{1 + t^2} + B*\frac{2*t}{1 + t^2} = C$
化简得
$A+C)*t^2-2*B*t-(A-C)=0$
故二次方程的解为
$\frac{B\pm\sqrt{B^2 + A^2 - C^2}}{A + C}$
所以方程的解为
$\theta = 2*\arctan(t)$