RK3588 接口调试系列(一)SPI总线

在RK3588上适配 camera的同时,也顺带调试了下3588芯片上自带的外设通信接口,从而为项目后续接入其他传感器/外设提前做下准备。从这篇开始,会将调试出的接口一一讲解,既作为自己的一个工作笔记,同时会将这些接口的测试代码开源出来,减少大家踩坑。废话不多说,进入今天的主题:SPI总线。

一、SPI总线简介

SPI 英文全名是Serial Peripheral interface,顾名思义就是串行外围设备接口,是Motorola(摩托罗拉)首先在其MC68HCXX系列处理器上定义的。SPI是一种高速全双工通信总线,以其高速度而著称,使其成为快速通信的首选。与 I2C 不同,SPI 使用四线工作:MISO(主输入从输出)、MOSI(主输出从输入)、SCK(串行时钟)和 SS(从选择),允许全双工通信(发送和同时接收)。
其非常适合需要快速可靠的数据传输的情况,例如 TFT 显示器、SD 存储卡和无线通信模块。

SPI分为主、从两种模式,一个SPI通讯系统需要包含一个(且只能是一个)主设备,一个或多个从设备。提供时钟的为主设备(Master),接收时钟的设备为从设备(Slave),SPI接口的读写操作,都是由主设备发起。当存在多个从设备时,通过各自的片选信号进行管理。

SPI通信

### RK3588 SPI Bus Speed Configuration and Maximum Rate For the Rockchip RK3588 SoC, configuring the SPI bus involves setting parameters such as clock frequency to achieve desired performance levels. The maximum speed of the SPI interface on RK3588 can reach up to 100 MHz under optimal conditions[^1]. This high-speed capability makes it suitable for applications requiring fast data transfer rates. To configure the SPI bus speed on an RK3588-based system like the OK3588-C development board from Feilong, one typically modifies device tree settings or uses command-line tools provided by Linux. Below is a method using Device Tree Overlay (DTO): #### Modifying Device Tree Source (.dts) The following example demonstrates how to set the SPI bus speed within a `.dts` file: ```c &spi0 { status = "okay"; pinctrl-names = "default"; pinctrl-0 = <&spi0_default>; spi-max-frequency = <10000000>; /* Set this value according to your needs */ }; ``` After editing the DTS file with appropriate values, compile it into a DTB format that can be loaded during boot time. Alternatively, adjusting the SPI speed at runtime through sysfs entries might look something like this: ```bash echo 10000000 > /sys/class/spi_master/spi0/max_speed_hz ``` This approach allows dynamic changes without needing recompilation but may not persist across reboots unless configured properly in scripts or services. It's important to note that actual achievable speeds depend heavily upon hardware design specifics including PCB layout, signal integrity considerations, and peripheral capabilities connected via SPI interfaces. --related questions-- 1. How does changing the SPI bus speed affect communication reliability? 2. What are common troubleshooting steps when encountering errors while configuring SPI buses? 3. Can you provide examples where higher SPI frequencies improve application performance significantly? 4. Are there any specific guidelines for designing PCB layouts optimized for high-speed SPI communications?
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