前言
本篇博客主要是在Ubuntu上面完成话题、服务模式的ROS程序设计，以及练习ROS动作编程：客户端发送一个运动坐标，模拟机器人运动到目标位置的过程。包括服务端和客户端的代码实现，要求带有实时位置反馈。
一、话题编程
1、创建工作空间
mkdir -p ~/catkin_ws/src#创建文件夹
cd ~/catkin_ws/src#进入目录
catkin_init_workspace#初始化，使其成为ROS的工作空间
2、编译工作空间
cd ..
catkin_make
3、设置环境变量
source /home/lyy/catkin_ws/devel/setup.bash#该环境变量设置只对当前终端有效，lyy是用户名
#将上面命令放置到~/.bashrc文件中，让其对所有终端都有效
sudo nano ~/.bashrc
4、检查环境变量
echo $ROS_PACKAGE_PATH
5、创建功能包
cd ~/catkin_ws/src
catkin_create_pkg learning_communication std_msgs rospy roscpp
#catkin_create_pkg 功能包名字 依赖
#std_msgs：定义的标准的数据结构
#rospy：提供python编程接口
#roscpp：提供c++编程接口
6、编译功能包
cd ~/catkin_ws
catkin_make
7、创建talker.cpp
#include<sstream>
#include"ros/ros.h"
#include"std_msgs/String.h"
int main(int argc,char **argv)
{
//ROS节点初始化
ros::init(argc,argv,"talker");
//创建节点句柄
ros::NodeHandle n;
//创建一个Publisher，发布名为chatter的topic，消息类型为std_msgs::String
ros::Publisher chatter_pub=n.advertise<std_msgs::String>("chatter",1000);
//设置循环的频率
ros::Rate loop_rate(10);
int count=0;
while(ros::ok())
{
//初始化std_msgs::String类型的消息
std_msgs::String msg;
std::stringstream ss;
ss<<"hello world"<<count;
msg.data=ss.str();
//发布消息
ROS_INFO("%s",msg.data.c_str());
chatter_pub.publish(msg);
//循环等待回调函数
ros::spinOnce();
//接受循环频率延时
loop_rate.sleep();
++count;
}
return 0;
}
8、创建listener.cpp
#include"ros/ros.h"
#include"std_msgs/String.h"
//接收到订阅的消息，会进入消息的回调函数
void chatterCallback(const std_msgs::String::ConstPtr& msg)
{
//将接收到的消息打印处理
ROS_INFO("I heard:{%s}",msg->data.c_str());
}
int main(int argc,char **argv)
{
//初始化ROS节点
ros::init(argc,argv,"listener");
//创建节点句柄
ros::NodeHandle n;
//创建一个Subscriber，订阅名为chatter的topic，注册回调函数chatterCallback
ros::Subscriber sub=n.subscribe("chatter",1000,chatterCallback);
//循环等待回调函数
ros::spin();
return 0;
}
9、设置CMakeLists.txt
10、编译
catkin_make
11、运行
roscore
rosrun learning_communication talker
rosrun learning_communication listener
二、服务编程
1、定义srv文件
mkdir ~/catkin_ws/src/learning_communication/srv
sudo nano AddTwoInts.srv
AddTwoInts.srv
int64 a
int64 b
---
int64 sum
2、在package.xml中添加功能包依赖
<build_depend>message_generation</build_depend>
<exec_depend>message_runtime</exec_depend>
3、在CMakeLists.txt添加编译选项
4、创建server.cpp
#include<ros/ros.h>
#include"learning_communication/AddTwoInts.h"
//service回调函数，输入参数req，输出参数res
bool add(learning_communication::AddTwoInts::Request &req,learning_communication::AddTwoInts::Response &res)
{
//将输入的参数中的请求数据相加，结果放到应答变量中
res.sum=req.a+req.b;
ROS_INFO("request: x=%1d,y=%1d",(long int)req.a,(long int)req.b);
ROS_INFO("sending back response:[%1d]",(long int)res.sum);
return true;
}
int main(int argc,char **argv)
{
//ROS节点初始化
ros::init(argc,argv,"add_two_ints_server");
//创建节点句柄
ros::NodeHandle n;
//创建一个名为add_two_ints的server,注册回调函数add()
ros::ServiceServer service=n.advertiseService("add_two_ints",add);
//循环等待回调函数
ROS_INFO("Ready to add two ints.");
ros::spin();
return 0;
}
5、创建client.cpp
#include<cstdlib>
#include<ros/ros.h>
#include"learning_communication/AddTwoInts.h"
int main(int argc,char **argv)
{
//ROS节点初始化
ros::init(argc,argv,"add_two_ints_client");
//从终端命令行获取两个加数
if(argc!=3)
{
ROS_INFO("usage:add_two_ints_client X Y");
return 1;
}
//创建节点句柄
ros::NodeHandle n;
//创建一个client，请求add_two_ints_service
//service消息类型是learning_communication::AddTwoInts
ros::ServiceClient client=n.serviceClient<learning_communication::AddTwoInts>("add_two_ints");
//创建learning_communication::AddTwoInts类型的service消息
learning_communication::AddTwoInts srv;
srv.request.a=atoll(argv[1]);
srv.request.b=atoll(argv[2]);
//发布service请求，等待加法运算的应答请求
if(client.call(srv))
{
ROS_INFO("sum: %1d",(long int)srv.response.sum);
}
else
{
ROS_INFO("Failed to call service add_two_ints");
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
6、编译
catkin_make
生成可执行文件：
7、运行
roscore
rosrun learning_communication server
rosrun learning_communication client 整数1 整数2
三、动作编程
1、新建文件 turtleMove.cpp
/*
此程序通过通过动作编程实现由 client 发布一个目标位置
然后控制 Turtle 运动到目标位置的过程
*/
#include <ros/ros.h>
#include <actionlib/server/simple_action_server.h>
#include "comm/turtleMoveAction.h"
#include <turtlesim/Pose.h>
#include <turtlesim/Spawn.h>
#include <geometry_msgs/Twist.h>
typedef actionlib::SimpleActionServer<comm::turtleMoveAction> Server;
struct Myturtle
{
float x;
float y;
float theta;
}turtle_original_pose,turtle_target_pose;
ros::Publisher turtle_vel;
void posecallback(const turtlesim::PoseConstPtr& msg)
{
ROS_INFO("turtle1_position:(%f,%f,%f)",msg->x,msg->y,msg->theta);
turtle_original_pose.x=msg->x;
turtle_original_pose.y=msg->y;
turtle_original_pose.theta=msg->theta;
}
// 收到 action 的 goal 后调用该回调函数
void execute(const comm::turtleMoveGoalConstPtr& goal, Server* as)
{
comm::turtleMoveFeedback feedback;
ROS_INFO("TurtleMove is working.");
turtle_target_pose.x=goal->turtle_target_x;
- 3 -
turtle_target_pose.y=goal->turtle_target_y;
turtle_target_pose.theta=goal->turtle_target_theta;
geometry_msgs::Twist vel_msgs;
float break_flag;
while(1)
{
ros::Rate r(10);
vel_msgs.angular.z = 4.0 *
(atan2(turtle_target_pose.y-turtle_original_pose.y,
turtle_target_pose.x-turtle_original_pose.x)-turtle_original_pose.theta);
vel_msgs.linear.x = 0.5 *
sqrt(pow(turtle_target_pose.x-turtle_original_pose.x, 2) +
pow(turtle_target_pose.y-turtle_original_pose.y, 2));
break_flag=sqrt(pow(turtle_target_pose.x-turtle_original_pose.x, 2) +
pow(turtle_target_pose.y-turtle_original_pose.y, 2));
turtle_vel.publish(vel_msgs);
feedback.present_turtle_x=turtle_original_pose.x;
feedback.present_turtle_y=turtle_original_pose.y;
feedback.present_turtle_theta=turtle_original_pose.theta;
as->publishFeedback(feedback);
ROS_INFO("break_flag=%f",break_flag);
if(break_flag<0.1) break;
r.sleep();
}
// 当 action 完成后，向客户端返回结果
ROS_INFO("TurtleMove is finished.");
as->setSucceeded();
}
int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
ros::init(argc, argv, "turtleMove");
ros::NodeHandle n,turtle_node;
ros::Subscriber sub =
turtle_node.subscribe("turtle1/pose",10,&posecallback); //订阅小乌龟的位置
信息
turtle_vel =
turtle_node.advertise<geometry_msgs::Twist>("turtle1/cmd_vel",10);//发布控
制小乌龟运动的速度
// 定义一个服务器
- 4 -
Server server(n, "turtleMove", boost::bind(&execute, _1,
&server), false);
// 服务器开始运行
server.start();
ROS_INFO("server has started.");
ros::spin();
return 0;
}
2、新建“发布目标位置文件”turtleMoveClient.cpp
#include <actionlib/client/simple_action_client.h>
#include "comm/turtleMoveAction.h"
#include <turtlesim/Pose.h>
#include <turtlesim/Spawn.h>
#include <geometry_msgs/Twist.h>
typedef actionlib::SimpleActionClient<comm::turtleMoveAction>
Client;
struct Myturtle
{
float x;
float y;
float theta;
}turtle_present_pose;
// 当 action 完成后会调用该回调函数一次
void doneCb(const actionlib::SimpleClientGoalState& state,
const comm::turtleMoveResultConstPtr& result)
{
- 5 -
ROS_INFO("Yay! The turtleMove is finished!");
ros::shutdown();
}
// 当 action 激活后会调用该回调函数一次
void activeCb()
{
ROS_INFO("Goal just went active");
}
// 收到 feedback 后调用该回调函数
void feedbackCb(const comm::turtleMoveFeedbackConstPtr& feedback)
{
ROS_INFO(" present_pose : %f %f %f",
feedback->present_turtle_x,
feedback->present_turtle_y,feedback->present_turtle_theta);
}
int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
ros::init(argc, argv, "turtleMoveClient");
// 定义一个客户端
Client client("turtleMove", true);
// 等待服务器端
ROS_INFO("Waiting for action server to start.");
client.waitForServer();
ROS_INFO("Action server started, sending goal.");
// 创建一个 action 的 goal
comm::turtleMoveGoal goal;
goal.turtle_target_x = 1;
goal.turtle_target_y = 1;
goal.turtle_target_theta = 0;
// 发送 action 的 goal 给服务器端，并且设置回调函数
client.sendGoal(goal, &doneCb, &activeCb, &feedbackCb);
ros::spin();
return 0;
}
3、在功能包目录下创建 action 文件夹
并在 action 文件夹下创建 turtleMove.action 文件
写入代码：
# Define the goal
float64 turtle_target_x # Specify Turtle's target position
float64 turtle_target_y
float64 turtle_target_theta
---
# Define the result
float64 turtle_final_x
float64 turtle_final_y
float64 turtle_final_theta
---
# Define a feedback message
- 7 -
float64 present_turtle_x
float64 present_turtle_y
float64 present_turtle_theta
4、修改Cmake文件
1、在CMakeLists.txt文件末尾添加如下代码：
add_executable(turtleMoveClient src/turtleMoveClient.cpp)
target_link_libraries(turtleMoveClient ${catkin_LIBRARIES})
add_dependencies(turtleMoveClient ${PROJECT_NAME}_gencpp)
add_executable(turtleMove src/turtleMove.cpp)
target_link_libraries(turtleMove ${catkin_LIBRARIES})
add_dependencies(turtleMove ${PROJECT_NAME}_gencpp)
2、在该文件中找到find_package函数方法，修改为如下：
find_package(catkin REQUIRED COMPONENTS
roscpp
rospy
std_msgs
message_generation
actionlib_msgs
actionlib
)
3、继续在该文件中找到add_action_files函数一项，默认是用#注释掉了的，这里我们找到后修改为如下代码：
add_action_files(
FILES
turtleMove.action
)
4、继续在该文件中找到generate_messages函数一项，默认也是#注释，这里修改为如下代码：
generate_messages(
DEPENDENCIES
std_msgs
actionlib_msgs
)
5、找到catkin_package函数一项，修改为如下代码：
# INCLUDE_DIRS include
# LIBRARIES comm
# CATKIN_DEPENDS roscpp rospy std_msgs
# DEPENDS system_lib
CATKIN_DEPENDS roscpp rospy std_msgs
message_runtime
5、修改package.xml文件
1、将文件中build_depend一栏、替换为如下代码：
<buildtool_depend>catkin</buildtool_depend>
<build_depend>roscpp</build_depend>
<build_depend>rospy</build_depend>
<build_depend>std_msgs</build_depend>
<build_depend>message_generation</build_depend>
<build_depend>actionlib</build_depend>
<build_depend>actionlib_msgs</build_depend>
<build_export_depend>roscpp</build_export_depend>
<build_export_depend>rospy</build_export_depend>
<build_export_depend>std_msgs</build_export_depend>
2、将文件中exec_depend一栏、替换为如下代码：
<exec_depend>roscpp</exec_depend>
<exec_depend>rospy</exec_depend>
<exec_depend>std_msgs</exec_depend>
<exec_depend>message_runtime</exec_depend>
<exec_depend>actionlib</exec_depend>
<exec_depend>actionlib_msgs</exec_depend>
6、运行程序
1、编译
catkin_make
2、注册程序
source ./devel/setup.bash
3、新建一个终端，命令为终端2，启动ros
4、再新建一个终端，命名为终端3，运行我们的小海龟，出现小海龟窗口。
5、在新建一个终端，命名为终端4，运行我们的目标位置程序代码：
进入工作空间进行程序注册：
source ./devel/setup.bash
运行turtleMoveClient.cpp，记住，输入该命令，但不忙按回车
rosrun comm turtleMoveClient
在终端1运行turtleMove，记住，输入如下命令，也不忙按回车
rosrun comm turtleMove
6、终端1回车，终端4回车，最终效果如下：
四、总结
ROS通信编程是比较重要的模块，尤其是动作编程能让我们了解机器学习的基础，通过这次学习最重要的是要理解ROS通信编程的基本步骤，本篇博客内容较多，步骤较长，我在进行编译的时候通常就因为一个字母打错了而编译出错，因此编程过程中要小心细致。按照步骤一步步操作。加强理解。
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