yolo增加slide loss，改善样本不平衡问题

slide loss的主要作用是让模型更加关注难例，可以轻微的改善模型在难例检测上的效果

论文地址：https://arxiv.org/pdf/2208.02019.pdf

代码：GitHub - Krasjet-Yu/YOLO-FaceV2: YOLO-FaceV2: A Scale and Occlusion Aware Face Detector

        样本不平衡问题，即在大多数情况下，容易样本的数量很大，而困难样本相对稀疏，引起了很多关注。在本文的工作中，设计了一个看起来像“slide”的Slide Loss函数来解决这个问题。简单样本和困难样本之间的区别是基于预测框和ground truth 框的IoU大小。为了减少超参数，将所有边界框的 IoU 值的平均值作为阈值 µ，小于µ的取负样本，大于µ的取正样本。

        然而，由于分类不明确，边界附近的样本往往会遭受较大的损失。希望模型能够学习优化这些样本，并更充分地使用这些样本来训练网络。然而，此类样本的数量相对较少。因此，尝试为困难样本分配更高的权重。首先通过参数μ将样本分为正样本和负样本。然后，通过加权函数Slide对边界处的样本进行强调，如图 4 所示。Slide加权函数可以表示为公式5。

在utils/loss.py增加

import math
class SlideLoss(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, loss_fcn):
        super(SlideLoss, self).__init__()
        self.loss_fcn = loss_fcn
        self.reduction = loss_fcn.reduction
        self.loss_fcn.reduction = 'none'  # required to apply SL to each element

    def forward(self, pred, true, auto_iou=0.5):
        loss = self.loss_fcn(pred, true)
        if auto_iou < 0.2:
            auto_iou = 0.2
        b1 = true <= auto_iou - 0.1
        a1 = 1.0
        b2 = (true > (auto_iou - 0.1)) & (true < auto_iou)
        a2 = math.exp(1.0 - auto_iou)
        b3 = true >= auto_iou
        a3 = torch.exp(-(true - 1.0))
        modulating_weight = a1 * b1 + a2 * b2 + a3 * b3
        loss *= modulating_weight
        if self.reduction == 'mean':
            return loss.mean()
        elif self.reduction == 'sum':
            return loss.sum()
        else:  # 'none'
            return loss

在data\hyps\hyp.scratch-low.yaml中增加

slide_ratio: 1 # >=1启用slide loss, <1关闭

在utils/loss.py的ComputeLoss函数中做如下修改：

class ComputeLoss:
    # Compute losses
    def __init__(self, model, autobalance=False):
        super(ComputeLoss, self).__init__()
        device = next(model.parameters()).device  # get model device
        h = model.hyp  # hyperparameters

        # Define criteria
        BCEcls = nn.BCEWithLogitsLoss(pos_weight=torch.tensor([h['cls_pw']], device=device))
        BCEobj = nn.BCEWithLogitsLoss(pos_weight=torch.tensor([h['obj_pw']], device=device))

        # Class label smoothing https://arxiv.org/pdf/1902.04103.pdf eqn 3
        self.cp, self.cn = smooth_BCE(eps=h.get('label_smoothing', 0.0))  # positive, negative BCE targets

        # slide loss
        self.slide_ratio = h['slide_ratio']
        if self.slide_ratio > 0:
            BCEcls, BCEobj = SlideLoss(BCEcls), SlideLoss(BCEobj)

        # Focal loss
        g = h['fl_gamma']  # focal loss gamma
        if g > 0:
            BCEcls, BCEobj = FocalLoss(BCEcls, g), FocalLoss(BCEobj, g)

        det = model.module.model[-1] if is_parallel(model) else model.model[-1]  # Detect() module
        self.balance = {3: [4.0, 1.0, 0.4]}.get(det.nl, [4.0, 1.0, 0.25, 0.06, .02])  # P3-P7
        self.ssi = list(det.stride).index(16) if autobalance else 0  # stride 16 index
        self.BCEcls, self.BCEobj, self.gr, self.hyp, self.autobalance = BCEcls, BCEobj, model.gr, h, autobalance
        for k in 'na', 'nc', 'nl', 'anchors':
            setattr(self, k, getattr(det, k))

    def __call__(self, p, targets):  # predictions, targets, model
        device = targets.device
        lcls, lbox, lobj = torch.zeros(1, device=device), torch.zeros(1, device=device), torch.zeros(1, device=device)
        lrepBox, lrepGT = torch.zeros(1, device=device), torch.zeros(1, device=device)
        tcls, tbox, indices, anchors = self.build_targets(p, targets)  # targets

        # Losses
        for i, pi in enumerate(p):  # layer index, layer predictions
            b, a, gj, gi = indices[i]  # image, anchor, gridy, gridx
            tobj = torch.zeros_like(pi[..., 0], device=device)  # target obj

            n = b.shape[0]  # number of targets
            if n:
                ps = pi[b, a, gj, gi]  # prediction subset corresponding to targets

                # Regression
                pxy = ps[:, :2].sigmoid() * 2. - 0.5
                pwh = (ps[:, 2:4].sigmoid() * 2) ** 2 * anchors[i]
                pbox = torch.cat((pxy, pwh), 1)  # predicted box
                iou = bbox_iou(pbox.T, tbox[i], x1y1x2y2=False, CIoU=True)  # iou(prediction, target)
                auto_iou = iou.mean()
                lbox += (1.0 - iou).mean()  # iou loss

                # Objectness
                tobj[b, a, gj, gi] = (1.0 - self.gr) + self.gr * iou.detach().clamp(0).type(tobj.dtype)  # iou ratio

                # Classification
                if self.nc > 1:  # cls loss (only if multiple classes)
                    t = torch.full_like(ps[:, 5:], self.cn, device=device)  # targets
                    t[range(n), tcls[i]] = self.cp
                    if self.slide_ratio > 0:
                        lcls += self.BCEcls(ps[:, 5:], t, auto_iou)  # BCE
                    else:
                        lcls += self.BCEcls(ps[:, 5:], t)  # BCE

                # Append targets to text file
                # with open('targets.txt', 'a') as file:
                #     [file.write('%11.5g ' * 4 % tuple(x) + '\n') for x in torch.cat((txy[i], twh[i]), 1)]
            if self.slide_ratio > 0 and n:
                obji = self.BCEobj(pi[..., 4], tobj, auto_iou)
            else:
                obji = self.BCEobj(pi[..., 4], tobj)
            lobj += obji * self.balance[i]  # obj loss
            if self.autobalance:
                self.balance[i] = self.balance[i] * 0.9999 + 0.0001 / obji.detach().item()

        if self.autobalance:
            self.balance = [x / self.balance[self.ssi] for x in self.balance]
        lbox *= self.hyp['box']
        lobj *= self.hyp['obj']
        lcls *= self.hyp['cls']

        bs = tobj.shape[0]  # batch size

        loss = lbox + lobj + lcls
        return loss * bs, torch.cat((lbox, lobj, lcls, loss)).detach()

 主要修改如下：

1、__init__中增加

        # slide loss
        self.slide_ratio = h['slide_ratio']
        if self.slide_ratio > 0:
            BCEcls, BCEobj = SlideLoss(BCEcls), SlideLoss(BCEobj)

2、计算完iou后增加

auto_iou = iou.mean()

3、在类别损失函数上

                    if self.slide_ratio > 0:
                        lcls += self.BCEcls(ps[:, 5:], t, auto_iou)  # BCE
                    else:
                        lcls += self.BCEcls(ps[:, 5:], t)  # BCE

4、前背景损失函数上

            if self.slide_ratio > 0 and n:
                obji = self.BCEobj(pi[..., 4], tobj, auto_iou)
            else:
                obji = self.BCEobj(pi[..., 4], tobj)