专栏目录：
小IVan：专题概述及目录
本节将会介绍虚幻的贴图资源读取，写入，存出等操作。这也是做Instanceing动画，工具开发等的基础。
【1】向UTexture2D写入数据
我把蓝色写入UTexture2D
效果如下：
写入前
写入后
【2】向FRHITexture2D写入数据
效果如下
【3】从FRHITexture2D读取数据
平时写代码的时候很少用到位操作
【4】从UTexture2D转换为FTexture2D并且读取它然后写成文件到磁盘
void UTestShaderBlueprintLibrary::TextureWriting(UTexture2D* TextureToBeWrite, AActor* selfref)
{
check(IsInGameThread());
if (selfref == nullptr && TextureToBeWrite == nullptr)return;
//TextureToBeWrite->CompressionSettings = TextureCompressionSettings::TC_VectorDisplacementmap;
//TextureToBeWrite->SRGB = 0;
//FTexture2DMipMap& mipmap = TextureToBeWrite->PlatformData->Mips[0];
//void* Data = mipmap.BulkData.Lock(LOCK_READ_WRITE);
//int32 texturex = TextureToBeWrite->PlatformData->SizeX;
//int32 texturey = TextureToBeWrite->PlatformData->SizeY;
//TArray<FColor>colors;
//for (int32 x = 0; x < texturex * texturey; x++)
//{
// colors.Add(FColor::Blue);
//}
//int32 stride = (int32)(sizeof(uint8) * 4);
//FMemory::Memcpy(Data, colors.GetData(), texturex * texturey * stride);
//mipmap.BulkData.Unlock();
//TextureToBeWrite->UpdateResource();
/*
struct FUpdateTextureContext
{
uint8* SourceBuffer;
uint32 BufferPitch;
FTexture2DResource* DestTextureResource;
};
FUpdateTextureContext UpdateTextureContext = {
uint8*()
}
ENQUEUE_UNIQUE_RENDER_COMMAND_ONEPARAMETER(
UpdateDynamicTexture,
FUpdateTexture
);
*/
UWorld* World = selfref->GetWorld();
ERHIFeatureLevel::Type FeatureLevel = World->Scene->GetFeatureLevel();
ENQUEUE_RENDER_COMMAND(CaptureCommand)(
[FeatureLevel, TextureToBeWrite](FRHICommandListImmediate& RHICmdList)
{
TextureWriting_RenderThread
(
RHICmdList,
FeatureLevel,
TextureToBeWrite
);
}
);
}
static void TextureWriting_RenderThread(
FRHICommandListImmediate& RHICmdList,
ERHIFeatureLevel::Type FeatureLevel,
UTexture2D* Texture
)
{
check(IsInRenderingThread());
if (Texture == nullptr)
{
return;
}
FTextureReferenceRHIRef MyTextureRHI = Texture->TextureReference.TextureReferenceRHI;
FRHITexture* TexRef = MyTextureRHI->GetTextureReference()->GetReferencedTexture();
FRHITexture2D* TexRef2D = (FRHITexture2D*)TexRef;
TArray<FColor> Bitmap;
uint32 LolStride = 0;
char* TextureDataPtr = (char*)RHICmdList.LockTexture2D(TexRef2D, 0, EResourceLockMode::RLM_ReadOnly, LolStride, false);
for (uint32 Row = 0; Row < TexRef2D->GetSizeY(); ++Row)
{
uint32* PixelPtr = (uint32*)TextureDataPtr;
for (uint32 Col = 0; Col < TexRef2D->GetSizeX(); ++Col)
{
uint32 EncodedPixel = *PixelPtr;
uint8 r = (EncodedPixel & 0x000000FF);
uint8 g = (EncodedPixel & 0x0000FF00) >> 8;
uint8 b = (EncodedPixel & 0x00FF0000) >> 16;
uint8 a = (EncodedPixel & 0xFF000000) >> 24;
FColor col = FColor(r, g, b, a);
Bitmap.Add(FColor(b, g, r, a));
PixelPtr++;
}
// move to next row:
TextureDataPtr += LolStride;
}
RHICmdList.UnlockTexture2D(TexRef2D, 0, false);
if (Bitmap.Num())
{
IFileManager::Get().MakeDirectory(*FPaths::ScreenShotDir(), true);
const FString ScreenFileName(FPaths::ScreenShotDir() / TEXT("VisualizeTexture"));
uint32 ExtendXWithMSAA = Bitmap.Num() / Texture->GetSizeY();
// Save the contents of the array to a bitmap file. (24bit only so alpha channel is dropped)
FFileHelper::CreateBitmap(*ScreenFileName, ExtendXWithMSAA, Texture->GetSizeY(), Bitmap.GetData());
UE_LOG(LogConsoleResponse, Display, TEXT("Content was saved to \"%s\""), *FPaths::ScreenShotDir());
}
else
{
UE_LOG(LogConsoleResponse, Error, TEXT("Failed to save BMP, format or texture type is not supported"));
}
}这个转换比较麻烦，需要各种取资源和强制转换
最后注意一下UTexture2D的设置
因为UTexture源资源格式的原因，所以rgba顺序是反的
最后的效果：
这样我们就完成了资源的转换，读取，写出等操作。
【5】从FTexture2D反向把数组向UTexture2D写入
先来看效果吧：
这里我向UTexture2D中反复写入数组颜色和重置它。
下面是完整代码
void UTestShaderBlueprintLibrary::TextureWriting(UTexture2D* TextureToBeWrite, AActor* selfref)
{
check(IsInGameThread());
if (selfref == nullptr && TextureToBeWrite == nullptr)return;
//TextureToBeWrite->CompressionSettings = TextureCompressionSettings::TC_VectorDisplacementmap;
//TextureToBeWrite->SRGB = 0;
//FTexture2DMipMap& mipmap = TextureToBeWrite->PlatformData->Mips[0];
//void* Data = mipmap.BulkData.Lock(LOCK_READ_WRITE);
//int32 texturex = TextureToBeWrite->PlatformData->SizeX;
//int32 texturey = TextureToBeWrite->PlatformData->SizeY;
//TArray<FColor>colors;
//for (int32 x = 0; x < texturex * texturey; x++)
//{
// colors.Add(FColor::Blue);
//}
//int32 stride = (int32)(sizeof(uint8) * 4);
//FMemory::Memcpy(Data, colors.GetData(), texturex * texturey * stride);
//mipmap.BulkData.Unlock();
//TextureToBeWrite->UpdateResource();
/*
struct FUpdateTextureContext
{
uint8* SourceBuffer;
uint32 BufferPitch;
FTexture2DResource* DestTextureResource;
};
FUpdateTextureContext UpdateTextureContext = {
uint8*()
}
ENQUEUE_UNIQUE_RENDER_COMMAND_ONEPARAMETER(
UpdateDynamicTexture,
FUpdateTexture
);
*/
UWorld* World = selfref->GetWorld();
ERHIFeatureLevel::Type FeatureLevel = World->Scene->GetFeatureLevel();
ENQUEUE_RENDER_COMMAND(CaptureCommand)(
[FeatureLevel, TextureToBeWrite](FRHICommandListImmediate& RHICmdList)
{
TextureWriting_RenderThread
(
RHICmdList,
FeatureLevel,
TextureToBeWrite
);
}
);
}
static void TextureWriting_RenderThread(
FRHICommandListImmediate& RHICmdList,
ERHIFeatureLevel::Type FeatureLevel,
UTexture2D* Texture
)
{
check(IsInRenderingThread());
if (Texture == nullptr)
{
return;
}
FTextureReferenceRHIRef MyTextureRHI = Texture->TextureReference.TextureReferenceRHI;
FRHITexture* TexRef = MyTextureRHI->GetTextureReference()->GetReferencedTexture();
FRHITexture2D* TexRef2D = (FRHITexture2D*)TexRef;
TArray<FColor> Bitmap;
//TArray<uint32> sourcedata;
//-----------------------------------
uint32 LolStride = 0;
char* TextureDataPtr = (char*)RHICmdList.LockTexture2D(TexRef2D, 0, EResourceLockMode::RLM_WriteOnly, LolStride, false);
for (uint32 Row = 0; Row < TexRef2D->GetSizeY(); ++Row)
{
uint32* PixelPtr = (uint32*)TextureDataPtr;
for (uint32 Col = 0; Col < TexRef2D->GetSizeX(); ++Col)
{
uint32 EncodedPixel = *PixelPtr;
uint8 r = 255;
uint8 g = 0;
uint8 b = 0;
uint8 a = 255;
*PixelPtr = r | (g << 8) | (b << 16) | (a << 24);
//sourcedata.Add(*PixelPtr);
PixelPtr++;
}
// move to next row:
TextureDataPtr += LolStride;
}
RHICmdList.UnlockTexture2D(TexRef2D, 0, false);
//FUpdateTextureRegion2D region = FUpdateTextureRegion2D(0, 0, 0, 0, TexRef2D->GetSizeX(), TexRef2D->GetSizeY());
//RHIUpdateTexture2D(TexRef2D, 0, region, sizeof(uint32) * TexRef2D->GetSizeX() * TexRef2D->GetSizeY(), (uint8*)sourcedata.GetData());
//-----------------------------------
//Bitmap.Reset();
TextureDataPtr = (char*)RHICmdList.LockTexture2D(TexRef2D, 0, EResourceLockMode::RLM_ReadOnly, LolStride, false);
for (uint32 Row = 0; Row < TexRef2D->GetSizeY(); ++Row)
{
uint32* PixelPtr = (uint32*)TextureDataPtr;
for (uint32 Col = 0; Col < TexRef2D->GetSizeX(); ++Col)
{
uint32 EncodedPixel = *PixelPtr;
uint8 r = (EncodedPixel & 0x000000FF);
uint8 g = (EncodedPixel & 0x0000FF00) >> 8;
uint8 b = (EncodedPixel & 0x00FF0000) >> 16;
uint8 a = (EncodedPixel & 0xFF000000) >> 24;
FColor col = FColor(r, g, b, a);
Bitmap.Add(FColor(b, g, r, a));
PixelPtr++;
}
// move to next row:
TextureDataPtr += LolStride;
}
RHICmdList.UnlockTexture2D(TexRef2D, 0, false);
if (Bitmap.Num())
{
IFileManager::Get().MakeDirectory(*FPaths::ScreenShotDir(), true);
const FString ScreenFileName(FPaths::ScreenShotDir() / TEXT("VisualizeTexture"));
uint32 ExtendXWithMSAA = Bitmap.Num() / Texture->GetSizeY();
// Save the contents of the array to a bitmap file. (24bit only so alpha channel is dropped)
FFileHelper::CreateBitmap(*ScreenFileName, ExtendXWithMSAA, Texture->GetSizeY(), Bitmap.GetData());
UE_LOG(LogConsoleResponse, Display, TEXT("Content was saved to \"%s\""), *FPaths::ScreenShotDir());
}
else
{
UE_LOG(LogConsoleResponse, Error, TEXT("Failed to save BMP, format or texture type is not supported"));
}
}
【6】贴图格式转换给图片的数据带来的损失
我们各种类型强制转换当然会给数据带来精度损失，下面我们就来测试一下这个损失如何步骤如下：
（1）先把要处理的图片读进GPU然后用CS处理
（2）把CS输出到磁盘，采用BMP格式
上面是我CS的原始输出数据
输出到BMP到磁盘后
然后我再把它转换成tga格式
RGB三通道的值都还是正确的，然而alpha的值却出现了错误
【7】将CS计算出的数据直接拷贝到RenderTarget中
当CS完成了计算，如何将CS的计算结果拿出来用呢。下面就开始做一个测试
先建一个RT格式大小要和CS的UAV大小格式保持一致
然后把CS计算好的UAV的数据直接拷贝到RT中
4.20加入了一个新的接口帮我们写了很多代码，可以直接用CopyTexture
拷贝之后：
在渲染线程做这些操作是非常轻松的。这样我们就能把CS的数据拿出来用了。需要注意的是，这些操作都要建立在像素数据类型，贴图尺寸大小必须完全对上的基础上才行的。那么问题来了，如果我的RT大小就是和ComputeShader的UAV大小不一致格式也不一致怎么办呢，当然方法是有了，我们可以把CS计算的结果当成一个Texture资源在传到绘制管线中，调用Draw把UAV画到一个新的RT上，不过这样感觉没必要了。
顺带这里说一个bug，如果在我们的shader里没写序列化的话会出现一些奇怪的无报错的bug。
例如我上面代码的OutputSurface没有在Serialize中序列化，则会出现“第一次编译shader开引擎，能正常写入数据，等你第二次开引擎再向写入的时候会发现写入失败，RT中写入了一些异常值”。所以shader这里的序列化务必记得校对一下shader的变量是否都序列化了。
从此以后在虚幻中把贴图数据读取，把数组写入贴图，把贴图写到磁盘等一系列流程就完成啦！还有一部分资源操作相关的讲解我放到了工具篇里
YivanLee：虚幻4渲染编程（工具篇）【第八卷：Asset creation】
Enjoy it ！
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