C++基础入门---2.数据类型【P8~P15】

2. 数据类型

C++规定在创建一个变量或者常量时，必须要指定相应的数据类型，否则无法给变量分配内存。

2.1 数据类型，整型

# include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
	//整型
	//短整型 short int(-32768~32767)
	short int num1 = 10;
	//整型 Int
	int num2 = 10;
	//长整型
	long num3 = 10;
	//长长整型 long long int
	long long int num4 = 10;

	cout << "num1= " << num1 << endl;
	cout << "num2= " << num2 << endl;
	cout << "num3= " << num3 << endl;
	cout << "num4= " << num4 << endl;


	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

2.2 数据类型，sizeof关键字

# include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
	short num0 = 2;
	int num1 = 2;
	long num2 = 2;
	long long num3 = 2;

	cout << "num1 的内存大小为： " << sizeof(int) << endl;
	cout << "num1 的内存大小为： " << sizeof(num1) << endl;
	cout << "num2 的内存大小为： " << sizeof(num3) << endl;

	system("pause");
	return 0;

}

2.3 数据类型，实型（浮点型）

# include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
	float A = 3.14f;
	double B = 3.14;


	cout << " A =  " << A << endl;
	cout << " B =  " << B << endl;
	
	cout << " float 占用的内存大小为： " << sizeof(float) << endl;
	cout << " double 占用的内存大小为： " << sizeof(double) << endl;

	//科学计数法
	float C = 3e2;   //3*10^2
	cout << " C = " << C << endl;
	float D = 3e-2;   //3*0.1^2
	cout << " D = " << D << endl;


	system("pause");
	return 0;

}

目前c++中默认会给显示出6位有效数字。

2.4 数据类型，字符型

# include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
	//1.创建字符型变量
	char ch = 'a';
	cout << " ch = " << ch << endl;
	//2.字符型变量所占内存大小
	cout << " char 所占内存大小为： " << sizeof(char) << endl;
	//3.字符型变量对应ascll编码
	cout << " a 对应的ASCLL码是： " << int(ch) << endl;

	system("pause");
	return 0;

}

2.5 数据类型，转义字符

# include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
	//1.换行符\n
	cout << " Hello World !\n ";
	//2.反斜杠 \\ 
	cout << " \\ " << endl;
	//3.水平制表符 \t，制表符占8个位置
	cout << " AAA\tHello World !" << endl;
	cout << " AA\tHello World !" << endl;
	cout << " AAAAAA\tHello World !" << endl;

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

2.6 数据类型，字符串类型

# include<iostream>
# include<string>  //用c++风格的字符串要包含这个头文件
using namespace std;
int main()
{
	//C风格字符串
	char str[] = "Hello World !";
	cout << str << endl;

	//C++风格字符串
	string A = "Hello World !";
	cout << A << endl;

	system("pause");
	return 0;

}

2.7 数据类型，布尔类型

# include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
	bool flag = true;
	cout << flag << endl;
	bool flag2 = false;
	cout << flag2 << endl;
	cout << " bool 类型所占内存是： " << sizeof(bool) << endl;


	system("pause");
	return 0;

}

2.8 数据类型，数据的输入

# include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
	//整型
	int a = 0;
	cout << " 请给整型变量a赋值： " << endl;
	cin >> a;
	cout << "整型变量 a = " << a << endl;
	//浮点型
	float f = 3.14f;
	cout << " 请给浮点型变量f赋值： " << endl;
	cin >> f;
	cout << "浮点型变量 f = " << f << endl;
	//字符型

	//字符串型

	//布尔型



	system("pause");
	return 0;

}