C++基础入门---5.数组【P42~P49】

5. 数组

5.1 一维数组，定义方式

# include<iostream>
using namespace  std;
int main()
{
	/*方式一
	int arr[5];
	arr[0] = 10;//数组元素下表从零开始索引
	arr[1] = 20;
	arr[2] = 30;
	arr[3] = 40;
	arr[4] = 50;

	cout << arr[0] << endl;
	cout << arr[1] << endl;
	cout << arr[2] << endl;
	cout << arr[3] << endl;
	cout << arr[4] << endl;
	*/

	/*方式二
	//如果自初始化数组时，没有全部填写完，会用0填充

	int arr1[5] = { 10,20,30,40,50 };
	cout << arr1[0] << endl;
	cout << arr1[1] << endl;
	cout << arr1[2] << endl;
	cout << arr1[3] << endl;
	cout << arr1[4] << endl;

	for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
	{
		cout << arr1[i] << endl;
	}
	*/

	int arr2[] = { 10,20,30,40,50 };

	for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
	{
		cout << arr2[i] << endl;
	}
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

5.2 一维数组，数组名

注：数组名是常量，不可以进行复制操作。

# include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
	int arr[10] = { 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 };
	cout << "整个数组占用内存空间为： " << sizeof(arr) << endl;
	cout << "每个元素占用内存空间为： " << sizeof(arr[0]) << endl;

	//通过数组名查看数组首地址
	cout << "数组首地址为： " << (int)arr << endl;
	cout << "数组中第一个元素的地址为： " << (int)&arr[0] << endl;
	cout << "数组中第二个元素的地址为： " << (int)&arr[1] << endl;

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

5.3 一维数组案例，五只小猪称体重

# include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
	int arr[5] = { 300,350,200,400,250 };
	int max = 0;
	for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
	{
		if (arr[i] > max)
		{
			max = arr[i];
		}
	}
	cout << "最重的小猪体重是：" << max << endl;
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

5.4 一维数组案例，元素逆置

# include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
	//1、创建数组
	int arr[5] = { 1,3,2,5,4 };
	cout << "数组元素逆置前：" << endl;
	for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
	{
		cout << arr[i] << endl;
	}

	//2、实现逆置
	//2.1记录起始下标位置
	//2.2记录结束下标位置
	//2.3起始下标与结束下标元素互换
	//2.4起始位置++		结束位置--
	//2.5循环执行2.1，直到起始位置 >= 结束位置
	int start = 0;
	int end = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]) - 1;

	while (start < end)
	{
		int temp = arr[start];
		arr[start] = arr[end];
		arr[end] = temp;

		start++;
		end--;
	}
	//3、 输出逆置后的数组元素
	cout << "数组元素逆置后：" << endl;
	for (int j = 0; j < 5; j++)
	{
		cout << arr[j] << endl;
	}

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

5.5 一维数组，冒泡排序

# include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
	int arr[9] = { 4,2,8,0,5,7,1,3,9 };
	cout << "排序前的结果： " << endl;
	for (int i = 0; i < 9; i++)
	{
		cout << arr[i]<<"  " ;
	}

	cout << endl;

	//开始冒泡排序
	//总共排序论轮数为  元素个数-1
	for (int j = 0; j < 9 - 1; j++)
	{
		//内层循环对比
		for (int k = 0; k < 9 - j - 1; k++)
		{
			if (arr[k] > arr[k + 1])
			{
				int temp = arr[k];
				arr[k] = arr[k + 1];
				arr[k + 1] = temp;
			}
		}
	}
	//输出排序后的结果
	cout << "排序后的结果： " << endl;
	for (int m = 0; m < 9; m++)
	{
		cout << arr[m] << "  ";
	}
	cout << endl;

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

5.6 二维数组，定义方式

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
	//第一种定义方式：数据类型 数组名[行数][列数]
	int arr[2][3];

	arr[0][0] = 1;
	arr[0][1] = 2;
	arr[0][2] = 3;
	arr[1][0] = 4;
	arr[1][1] = 5;
	arr[1][2] = 6;

	for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++)
	{
		for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++)
		{
			cout << arr[i][j] << endl;
		}

	}
	//第二种定义方式：数据类型 数组名[行数][列数] = {{数据1，数据2...},{数据3，数据4...}}
	int arr1[2][3] =
	{
		{1,2,3},
		{4,5,6}
	};

	for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++)
	{
		for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++)
		{
			cout << arr1[i][j] << "  ";
		}
		cout << endl;
	}

	//第三种定义方式
	int arr2[2][3] = { 1,2,3,4,5,6 };

	for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++)
	{
		for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++)
		{
			cout << arr2[i][j] << "  ";
		}
		cout << endl;
	}
	//第四种定义方式
	int arr3[][3] = { 1,2,3,4,5,6 };

	for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++)
	{
		for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++)
		{
			cout << arr2[i][j] << "  ";
		}
		cout << endl;
	}

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

5.7 二维数组，数组名

# include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
	int arr[2][3]=
	{
		{1,2,3},
	    {4,5,6}
	};
	cout << "二维数组占用内存空间为：" << sizeof(arr) << endl;
	cout << "二维数组第一行占用内存为： " << sizeof(arr[0]) << endl;
	cout << "二维数组第一个元素占用内存为： " << sizeof(arr[0][0]) << endl;

	cout << "二维数组行数为： " << sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]) << endl;
	cout << "二维数组列数为： " << sizeof(arr[0]) / sizeof(arr[0][0]) << endl;

	cout << "二维数组首地址为： " << int(arr) << endl;
	cout << "二维数组第一行首地址为： " << (int)arr[0] << endl;



	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

5.8 二维数组案例，考试成绩统计

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
	//1、创建一个二维数组
	int scores[3][3]
	{
		{100,100,100},
		{90,50,100},
		{60,70,80}
	};

	string names[3] = { "同学1","同学2","同学3" };

	for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
	{
		int sum = 0;
		for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++)
		{
			sum += scores[i][j];
			//cout << scores[i][j] << "  ";
		}
		cout << names[i]<<"的总分为： "<<sum<< endl;
	}
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}