【信号与系统】傅里叶变换

傅里叶变换

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傅里叶级数

https://blog.csdn.net/lafea/article/details/115756741

基本公式

$$\begin{gathered} F(\omega )={\int }_{-\infty }^{+\infty }f(\tau )e^{-j\omega \tau }d\tau =\mathcal{F}[f(t)] \\ f(t)=\frac{1}{2\pi }{\int }_{-\infty }^{+\infty }F(\omega )e^{j\omega t}d\omega ={\mathcal{F}}^{-1}[F(\omega )] \end{gathered}$$

常用公式

https://blog.csdn.net/lafea/article/details/118651638

基本性质

序号	解释
对称性	$$\begin{gathered} 若f(t)\leftrightarrow F(\omega )则F(t)\leftrightarrow 2\pi f(-\omega ) \\ 若f(t)为偶函数则F(t)\leftrightarrow 2\pi f(\omega ) \end{gathered}$$对称特性可推出傅里叶变换链
线性	$$c_1{f}_1(t)+c_2{f}_2(t)\leftrightarrow c_1{F}_1(\omega )+c_2{F}_2(\omega )$$
奇偶虚实性	$$\begin{gathered} 若f(t)\leftrightarrow F(\omega )则 \\ f(-t)\leftrightarrow F(-\omega ) \\ f(-t)\leftrightarrow F^{\ast }(\omega ) \end{gathered}$$
奇偶特性	(1) 偶信号的频谱是偶函数，奇信号的频谱是奇函数； (2)实信号的频谱是共轭对称函数，即其实部是偶函数，虚部是奇函数， 或者其幅度频谱是偶函数，相位频谱是奇函数； (3)实偶信号的频谱是实偶函数，实奇函数的频谱是虚奇函数；
尺度变换	$$\begin{gathered} 若f(t)\leftrightarrow F(\omega )则 \\ f(at)\leftrightarrow \frac{1}{\Vert a\Vert }F(\frac{\omega }{a})(a\ne 0) \end{gathered}$$
时移	$$\begin{gathered} 若f(t)\leftrightarrow F(\omega )则 \\ f(t-t_0)\leftrightarrow F(\omega )e^{-j\omega t_0} \end{gathered}$$移位只改变相位谱，不改变幅度谱
频移	$$\begin{gathered} 若f(t)\leftrightarrow F(\omega )则 \\ f(t)e^{j{\omega }_{0}t}\leftrightarrow F(\omega -{\omega }_0) \end{gathered}$$
微分	$$\begin{gathered} \mathcal{F}[f^{(n)}(t)]=(j\omega {)}^{n}F(\omega ) \\ \mathcal{F}[tf(t)]=j\frac{dF(\omega )}{d\omega } \\ \mathcal{F}[t^{n}f(t)]=\frac{1}{(-j{)}^n}\frac{d^{n}F(\omega )}{d{\omega }^n} \end{gathered}$$
积分	$$\mathcal{F}[{\int }_{-\infty }^{t}f(\tau )d\tau ]=\{\begin{array}{ll}\frac{1}{j\omega }F(\omega )& F(0)=0\\ [\frac{1}{j\omega }+\pi \delta (\omega )]F(\omega )& F(0)\ne 0\end{array}$$

其他公式

卷积公式

$$\begin{gathered} \mathcal{F}[f_1\ast f_2]=F_1(\omega )\cdot F_2(\omega ) \\ \mathcal{F}[f_1\cdot f_2]=\frac{1}{2\pi }{F}_1(\omega )\ast F_2(\omega ) \end{gathered}$$

周期信号的傅里叶变换

$$\mathcal{F}[\sum _{-\infty }^{\infty }F(n{\omega }_1)e^{jn{\omega }_{1}t}]=2\pi \sum _{-\infty }^{\infty }F(n{\omega }_1)\cdot \delta (\omega -n{\omega }_1)$$

抽样信号的傅里叶变换

$$\begin{gathered} f_s(t)=f(t){\delta }_T(t)=\sum _{-\infty }^{\infty }f(n{T}_s)\delta (t-n{T}_s) \\ {F}_s(\omega )=\mathcal{F}[f_s(t)]=\frac{1}{T_s}\sum _{-\infty }^{\infty }F(\omega -n{\omega }_s) \end{gathered}$$

提供延时的理想滤波器

$$H(j\omega )=e^{-j\omega t_0}[u(\omega +{\omega }_0)-u(\omega -{\omega }_0)]$$

无失真传输

$$H(j\omega )=K{e}^{-j\omega t_0}$$