ubuntu22.04@laptop OpenCV安装
1. 源由
最近,打算在Companion Computer上一些目标识别的算法,最流行、最基础的可能就是OpenCV了。
首先,将算法在x86的laptop上跑起来,将目标识别程序运行起来,基本的功能实现。
然后,基于Linux系统移植到Companion Computer上就会简单很多。
2. 验证环境
准备以下验证环境:
- x86-64bit laptop x 1
- ubuntu 22.04 jammy
- OpenCV 4.9.0 (latest release)
$ lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description: Ubuntu 22.04.3 LTS
Release: 22.04
Codename: jammy
$ tree -L 1
.
├── opencv
├── opencv_contrib
├── opencv-4.9.0-py3
├── opencv-4.9.0.zip
└── opencv_contrib-4.9.0.zip
3. OpenCV安装
目前,最新的OpenCV发行版本: 4.9.0
- opencv-4.9.0
- opencv_contrib-4.9.0
### Define OpenCV Version to install
cvVersion="4.9.0"
### Save current working directory
SNAPDRAGONFLY_CURRENT_DIR_PATH=$(pwd)
SNAPDRAGONFLY_CURRENT_OPENCV=opencv
SNAPDRAGONFLY_CURRENT_OPENCV_CONTRIB=opencv_contrib
SNAPDRAGONFLY_CURRENT_OPENCV_ZIP=opencv-$cvVersion.zip
SNAPDRAGONFLY_CURRENT_OPENCV_CONTRIB_ZIP=opencv_contrib-$cvVersion.zip
3.1 系统升级
除了必备的组件外,更新了一些常用的工具,比如:tree, aptitude 。
sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security main" -y
sudo apt -y update
sudo apt -y upgrade
### Install dependencies
sudo apt -y install unzip locate tree aptitude
sudo apt -y install build-essential checkinstall cmake pkg-config yasm
sudo apt -y install git gfortran
sudo apt -y install libjpeg8-dev libpng-dev libjpeg-dev libgtk-3-dev
sudo apt -y install software-properties-common
sudo apt -y install libtiff-dev
sudo apt -y install libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-dev libdc1394-dev
sudo apt -y install libxine2-dev
sudo apt -y install libgstreamer1.0-dev libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-dev
sudo apt -y install libgtk2.0-dev libtbb-dev libtbb2
sudo apt -y install openexr libopenexr-dev python3-numpy
### qt5-default dependencies
sudo apt -y install libatlas-base-dev
sudo apt -y install libfaac-dev libmp3lame-dev libtheora-dev
sudo apt -y install libvorbis-dev libxvidcore-dev
sudo apt -y install libopencore-amrnb-dev libopencore-amrwb-dev libavro-dev
sudo apt -y install x264 libx264-dev v4l-utils
sudo apt -y install qtcreator qtbase5-dev qt5-qmake cmake
### Optional dependencies
sudo apt -y install libprotobuf-dev protobuf-compiler
sudo apt -y install libgoogle-glog-dev libgflags-dev
sudo apt -y install libgphoto2-dev libeigen3-dev libhdf5-dev doxygen
### Special dependencies
sudo apt -y install libv4l-dev
cd /usr/include/linux
sudo ln -s -f ../libv4l1-videodev.h videodev.h
注:本次系统采用的Ubuntu 22.04.3 LTS,所以使用了jammy-security源,请大家根据实际情况调整。
3.2 Python安装
使用Python虚拟环境,方便切换(笔者这里也有一些本地环境,为了避免相互干扰,虚拟Python环境会更好些)。
sudo apt -y install python3-dev python3-pip
sudo apt -y install python3-testresources
sudo apt -y install python3.10-venv
### create virtual environment
python3 -m venv opencv-"$cvVersion"-py3
echo "# Virtual Environment Wrapper" >> ~/.bashrc
echo "alias workoncv-$cvVersion=\"source $SNAPDRAGONFLY_CURRENT_DIR_PATH/opencv-$cvVersion-py3/bin/activate\"" >> ~/.bashrc
### enter virtual environment
source "$SNAPDRAGONFLY_CURRENT_DIR_PATH"/opencv-"$cvVersion"-py3/bin/activate
### install python libraries within this virtual environment
pip install -r requirements.txt
### quit virtual environment
deactivate
3.3 OpenCV C/C++环境安装
这里的命令含有部分脚本变量。如果大家copy下来,实际上是可以直接脚本运行的。
但是,国内环境复杂多变,如果顺序执行的脚本搞不定,还请一行一行手动执行。
注:后续有时间,会整理一些基本安装脚本,方便大家学习使用。
# https://github.com/opencv/opencv.git
wget https://github.com/opencv/opencv/archive/refs/tags/$cvVersion.zip
mv $cvVersion.zip $SNAPDRAGONFLY_CURRENT_OPENCV_ZIP
unzip $SNAPDRAGONFLY_CURRENT_OPENCV_ZIP
mv opencv-$cvVersion opencv
# https://github.com/opencv/opencv_contrib.git
wget https://github.com/opencv/opencv_contrib/archive/refs/tags/$cvVersion.zip
mv $cvVersion.zip $SNAPDRAGONFLY_CURRENT_OPENCV_CONTRIB_ZIP
unzip $SNAPDRAGONFLY_CURRENT_OPENCV_CONTRIB_ZIP
mv opencv_contrib-$cvVersion opencv_contrib
### Clean build directories
rm -rf opencv/build
rm -rf opencv_contrib/build
### Build opencv
cd opencv
mkdir build
cd build
cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE \
-D WITH_TBB=ON \
-D BUILD_TBB=OFF \
-D WITH_V4L=ON \
-D WITH_QT=ON \
-D WITH_OPENGL=ON \
-D OPENCV_GENERATE_PKGCONFIG=ON \
-D INSTALL_PYTHON_EXAMPLES=ON \
-D INSTALL_C_EXAMPLES=ON \
-D OPENCV_PYTHON3_INSTALL_PATH=$SNAPDRAGONFLY_CURRENT_DIR_PATH/opencv-$cvVersion-py3/lib/python3.10/site-packages \
-D OPENCV_ENABLE_NONFREE=ON \
-D OPENCV_EXTRA_MODULES_PATH=../../opencv_contrib/modules \
-D PYTHON_EXECUTABLE=../../opencv-$cvVersion-py3/bin/python3 \
-D BUILD_EXAMPLES=ON ..
make -j$(nproc)
make install
3.4 OpenCV Python虚拟环境安装
$ cp opencv/build/lib/python3/cv2.cpython-310-x86_64-linux-gnu.so opencv-4.9.0-py3/lib/python3.10/site-packages/cv2/cv2.so
3.5 OpenCV检查
大致看到下面输出,系统里面应该基本就安装好了。
- C/C++环境
$ pkg-config --modversion opencv4
4.9.0
- Python虚拟环境
$ workoncv-4.9.0
(opencv-4.9.0-py3) daniel@daniel-ThinkPad-SL410:~/OpenCV$ ipython
Python 3.10.12 (main, Nov 20 2023, 15:14:05) [GCC 11.4.0]
Type 'copyright', 'credits' or 'license' for more information
IPython 8.21.0 -- An enhanced Interactive Python. Type '?' for help.
In [1]: import cv2
In [2]: print(cv2.__version__)
4.9.0
In [3]: quit
(opencv-4.9.0-py3) daniel@daniel-ThinkPad-SL410:~/OpenCV$ deactivate
4. 总结
笔者整理这份资料是搞了好几天的,遇到不少坑。
主要就是折腾在OpenCV开发环境不熟悉,网络复杂多变等问题上。希望整理出来,方便交流学习!
注:感兴趣的朋友可以关注:SnapLearnOpenCV 和ubuntu22.04@laptop OpenCV Get Started。
补充:3.3章需要可能需要代理,具体情况请根据实际网络进行配置。
$ git config --global https.proxy http://192.168.1.13:808
$ export https_proxy=http://192.168.1.13:808
5. 参考资料
【1】ubuntu22.04@laptop 常用基础环境安装
【2】ubuntu22.04@laptop安装&配置VNC服务端
【3】ArduPilot开源代码之CompanionComputer上天计划
6. 补充 - python环境
之前发现python3环境下,cv2输出4.5.4,没有理解。后面发现该4.5.4是ubuntu deb安装包的版本。
$ python3 -c "import cv2; print(cv2.__version__)"
4.5.4