R switch between long format and wide format

读入样例数据（长类型olddata_long和宽类型olddata_wide各一个）

olddata_wide <- read.table(header=TRUE, text='
 subject sex control cond1 cond2
       1   M     7.9  12.3  10.7
       2   F     6.3  10.6  11.1
       3   F     9.5  13.1  13.8
       4   M    11.5  13.4  12.9
')
# Make sure the subject column is a factor
olddata_wide$subject <- factor(olddata_wide$subject)

olddata_long <- read.table(header=TRUE, text='
 subject sex condition measurement
                           1   M   control         7.9
                           1   M     cond1        12.3
                           1   M     cond2        10.7
                           2   F   control         6.3
                           2   F     cond1        10.6
                           2   F     cond2        11.1
                           3   F   control         9.5
                           3   F     cond1        13.1
                           3   F     cond2        13.8
                           4   M   control        11.5
                           4   M     cond1        13.4
                           4   M     cond2        12.9
                           ')
# Make sure the subject column is a factor
olddata_long$subject <- factor(olddata_long$subject)

1，使用tidyr包

1.1 宽类型转长类型

library(tidyr)
# control:cond2 can also be written as "control, cond1, cond2"
data_long <- gather(olddata_wide, condition, measurement, control:cond2, factor_key=TRUE)

结果为

1.2 长类型转宽类型

data_wide <- spread(olddata_long, condition, measurement)

结果为

2，使用reshape2包

2.1 宽类型转长类型

data_long_rh2 <- melt(olddata_wide,
                  # ID variables - all the variables to keep but not split apart on
                  id.vars=c("subject", "sex"),
                  # The source columns
                  measure.vars=c("control", "cond1", "cond2" ),
                  # Name of the destination column that will identify the original
                  # column that the measurement came from
                  variable.name="condition",
                  value.name="measurement"
)

结果为

2.2 长类型转宽类型

data_wide_rh2 <- dcast(olddata_long, subject + sex ~ condition, value.var="measurement")

结果为