Unity 3D系列 摄像机围绕主角进行旋转、缩放

一、开发环境

Unity版本： 2020.1.0f1

二、建立摄像机结构

1、结构如下图

2、将CameraZoomContainer的Position X坐标设置为12，如图

3、将CameraUpAndDown的Rotation Z坐标设置为30，如图：

三、实现摄像机的跟随、旋转、缩放

1、编写相机控制器脚本CameraCtrl挂载到CameraFollowAndRotate上，脚本内容如下：

using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;

/// <summary>
/// 
/// </summary>
public class CameraCtrl : MonoBehaviour
{
    public static CameraCtrl Instance;

    /// <summary>
    /// 控制摄像机上下
    /// </summary>
    [SerializeField]
    private Transform m_CameraUpAndDown;

    /// <summary>
    /// 摄像机缩放父物体
    /// </summary>
    [SerializeField]
    private Transform m_CameraZoomContainer;

    /// <summary>
    /// 摄像机容器
    /// </summary>
    [SerializeField]
    private Transform m_CameraContainer;

    void Awake()
    {
        Instance = this;
    }

    void Start()
    {

    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 初始化
    /// </summary>
    public void Init()
    {
        m_CameraUpAndDown.transform.localEulerAngles = new Vector3(0, 0, Mathf.Clamp(m_CameraUpAndDown.transform.localEulerAngles.z, 35f, 80f));
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 设置摄像机旋转
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="type">0=左 1=右</param>
    public void SetCameraRotate(int type)
    {
        transform.Rotate(0, 80 * Time.deltaTime * (type == 0 ? -1 : 1), 0);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 设置摄像机上下 0=上 1=下
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="type"></param>
    public void SetCameraUpAndDown(int type)
    {
        m_CameraUpAndDown.transform.Rotate(0, 0, 60 * Time.deltaTime * (type == 1 ? -1 : 1));
        m_CameraUpAndDown.transform.localEulerAngles = new Vector3(0, 0, Mathf.Clamp(m_CameraUpAndDown.transform.localEulerAngles.z, 5f, 80f));
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 设置摄像机 缩放
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="type">0=拉近 1=拉远</param>
    public void SetCameraZoom(int type)
    {
        m_CameraContainer.Translate(Vector3.forward * 10 * Time.deltaTime * ((type == 1 ? -1 : 1)));
        m_CameraContainer.localPosition = new Vector3(0, 0, Mathf.Clamp(m_CameraContainer.localPosition.z, -10f, 10f));
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 实时看着主角
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="pos"></param>
    public void AutoLookAt(Vector3 pos)
    {
        m_CameraZoomContainer.LookAt(pos);
    }

    //void OnDrawGizmos()
    //{
    //    Gizmos.color = Color.red;
    //    Gizmos.DrawWireSphere(transform.position, 15f);

    //    Gizmos.color = Color.blue;
    //    Gizmos.DrawWireSphere(transform.position, 14f);

    //    Gizmos.color = Color.green;
    //    Gizmos.DrawWireSphere(transform.position, 12f);
    //}
}

2、设置变量，如图：

3、编写角色控制器脚本RoleCtrl,将角色脚本挂载到角色上（本脚本未实现角色移动，角色移动请参考其他资料）

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;

public class RoleCtrl : MonoBehaviour
{
    // Start is called before the first frame update
    void Start()
    {
        if (CameraCtrl.Instance != null)
        {
            CameraCtrl.Instance.Init();
        }
    }

    // Update is called once per frame
    void Update()
    {
        // 摄像机自动跟随
        CameraAutoFollow();
    }

    #region CameraAutoFollow 摄像机自动跟随

    /// <summary>
    /// 摄像机自动跟随
    /// </summary>
    private void CameraAutoFollow()
    {
        if (CameraCtrl.Instance == null) return;

        CameraCtrl.Instance.transform.position = gameObject.transform.position;
        CameraCtrl.Instance.AutoLookAt(gameObject.transform.position + new Vector3(0, 1.2f, 0));

        if (Input.GetKey(KeyCode.A))
        {
            CameraCtrl.Instance.SetCameraRotate(0);
        }
        else if (Input.GetKey(KeyCode.D))
        {
            CameraCtrl.Instance.SetCameraRotate(1);
        }
        else if (Input.GetKey(KeyCode.W))
        {
            CameraCtrl.Instance.SetCameraUpAndDown(0);
        }
        else if (Input.GetKey(KeyCode.S))
        {
            CameraCtrl.Instance.SetCameraUpAndDown(1);
        }
        else if (Input.GetKey(KeyCode.I))
        {
            CameraCtrl.Instance.SetCameraZoom(0);
        }
        else if (Input.GetKey(KeyCode.L))
        {
            CameraCtrl.Instance.SetCameraZoom(1);
        }

    }
    #endregion
}

4、测试

运行游戏，按键A与D进行旋转，按键W与S进行调整相机角度，按键I与L进行拉进拉远

5、手势操作-未完待续