植物生理学（英文）-Chapter1~6 question

Questions

1.Please describe the five major design elements of plants.

• Plants are Earth’s primary producers;
• Plants are non-motile, living a sessile life;
• Plants have supporting structures;
• Plants have structures for transporting water, minerals, and photosynthates;
• Plants have mechanisms to avoid desiccation.

2.Please describe three major categories of plant organelles and their functions.

The three major categories of plant organelles are:

1. Endoplasmic membrane：the nuclear envelope, the ER membrane, the Golgi apparatus, etc.;
2. Self-dividing organelles derived from endoplasmic membrane：oil bodies, peroxisomes, glyoxysomes, etc.;
3. Semiautomatic organelles：mitochondria and chloroplasts.

The function:

The nuclear envelope separates the chromosomes from the cytoplasm to protect them; the smooth ER is for lipid biosynthesis, while the rough ER is for protein biosynthesis;

the Golgi apparatus is responsible for the formation of plant cell wall, and the dispatching of secretory proteins;