[wxWidgets]XRC和动态子菜单

1. 什么是XRC
XRC是基于XML的资源系统。它的基本出发点是将界面布局和程序逻辑分离，即将界面布局代码保存在分离的XML文件中，在程序中不涉及控件的创建和布局，只需要加载相应的资源并处理事件绑定即可。

2. XRC文件格式
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<resource version="2.3.0.1">
    <object class="wxFrame" name="ID_MAIN_FRAME">
        <size>200, 300</size>
            …
    </object>
</resource>

3. XRC文件中菜单资源的相关属性
wxMenuBar
style　Menu bar style: wxMB_DOCKABLE

wxMenu
style　Menu style: wxMENU_TEAROFF
label　Text: label of the menu.
help　Text: displayed help string.

wxMenuItem
style　Menu style: wxMENU_TEAROFF
label　Text: label of the menu.
accel　Text: accelerator associated to this item ( Alt-X for example ).
help　Text: displayed help string.
radio　bool value(0/1): 1 if this item is a radio menu item.
checkable　bool value(0/1): 1 if this item is a check menu item.
enabled　bool value(0/1): 1 if this item is initially enabled.
checked　bool value(0/1): 1 if this (check) item is initially checked.
bitmap　Text: path to a bitmap to draw at the left of the item.

4. 使用XRC创建菜单
创建一个包含菜单布局信息的XML资源文件(.xrc)：
// MenuBar.xrc
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<resource version="2.3.0.1" xmlns="http://www.wxwindows.org/wxxrc">
    <object class="wxMenuBar" name="ID_MENUBAR">
        <object class="wxMenu" name="ID_MENU_FILE">
            <label>&File</label>
            <object class="wxMenuItem" name="wxID_CLOSE">
                <label>E&xit</label>
                <accel>Ctrl+Q</accel>
                <help>Quit the application</help>
            </object>
        </object>
        <object class="wxMenu" name="ID_MENU_VIEW">
            <label>&View</label>
        </object>
        <object class="wxMenu" name="ID_MENU_TOOLS">
            <label>&Tools</label>
            <object class="wxMenuItem" name="wxID_OPTIONS">
                <label>&Options…</label>
            </object>
        </object>
        <object class="wxMenu" name="ID_MENU_HELP">
            <label>&Help</label>
            <object class="wxMenuItem" name="wxID_CHECKFORUPDATES">
                <label>Check for &Updates…</label>
            </object>
            <object class="separator" />
            <object class="wxMenuItem" name="wxID_ABOUT">
                <label>&About…</label>
            </object>
        </object>
    </object>
</resource>

初始化并且加载资源文件
// MainApp.cpp
bool MainApp::OnInit()
{
    wxXmlResource* pResource = wxXmlResource::Get();
    pResource->AddHandler(new wxMenuBarXmlHandler);
    pResource->AddHandler(new wxMenuXmlHandler);
    pResource->Load(wxT("resources/MenuBar.xrc"));
    …
}

// MainFrame.cpp
MainFrame::MainFrame(const wxString& title) : wxFrame(NULL, wxID_ANY, title)
{
    m_menuBar = NULL;
    InitMenuBar();
}

bool MainFrame::InitMenuBar()
{
    if (m_menuBar)
    {
        SetMenuBar(NULL);
        delete m_menuBar;
    }
    // Initialize the resource system
    m_menuBar = wxXmlResource::Get()->LoadMenuBar(wxT("ID_MENUBAR"));
    if (!m_menuBar)
    {
        wxLogError(wxT("Cannot load main menu from resource file"));
        return false;
    }
    SetMenuBar(m_menuBar);
    return true;
}

5. 在XRC菜单上添加动态子菜单
在资源文件中添加一个新的菜单项(wxID_LANGUAGES)
<object class="wxMenu" name="ID_MENU_VIEW">
    <label>&View</label>
    <object class="wxMenu" name="wxID_LANGUAGE">
        <label>&Language</label>
        <object class="wxMenuItem" name="wxID_LANGUAGES">
            <label>Get Additional/Update language pack</label>
            <help>Downloading Additional/Update language pack</help>
        </object>
        <object class="separator" />
    </object>
</object>

// Initialize the resource system
m_menuBar = wxXmlResource::Get()->LoadMenuBar(wxT("ID_MENUBAR"));
if (!m_menuBar)
{
    wxLogError(wxT("Cannot load main menu from resource file"));
    return false;
}
/*
 * 这里很奇怪，在XRC文件wxID_LANGUAGE的类型明明是wxMenu，可在这里确只能用wxMenuItem。
 * 查看wxWidgets源代码发现XRC系统只会把最上层的class为wxMenu的object创建为wxMenu对象。
 * 其它的则都被创建成了wxMenuItem对象。
 */
// 使用XRCID方法获取控件ID，创建动态子菜单
wxMenuItem* menuItem = m_menuBar->FindItem(XRCID("wxID_LANGUAGE"));
if (menuItem)
{
    wxMenu* subMenu = menuItem->GetSubMenu();
    subMenu->AppendRadioItem(wxID_LANGUAGE_LOWEST + 1, wxT("English"));
    subMenu->AppendRadioItem(wxID_LANGUAGE_LOWEST + 2, wxT("Chinese(Simplified)"));
}
SetMenuBar(m_menuBar);
return true;

代码下载