我的软件渲染器博客系列的第五篇才讲到win32如何实现像素的绘制，第六篇就直接讲关于透视纹理映射的，这也可能是本系列的最后一篇了，其实整个3D渲染器我用2500多行代码实现，在看本篇博客前我假设你已经有下面的基础了:
(1)三角形的光栅化,如果不懂请参见<3D游戏编程大师技巧下册>的9.4小节
(2)uv的插值，仿射纹理映射，如果不懂请参见<3D游戏编程大师技巧下册>的9.6小节
好吧，我继续分享两篇有关于透视纹理映射的技术博客：深入探索透视纹理映射（上）和深入探索透视纹理映射（下）
其实上面已经给出了能够完整实现一个透视纹理映射的资料，还有什么问题呢？
从深入探索透视纹理映射（上）和深入探索透视纹理映射（下）这两篇技术博客 我们看清了透视投影映射的完整推导过程，但衍生出了两三个问题，我一一说明并给出解决办法。
一，顶点在相机空间的Z值丢失问题。
二，怎么求出像素的Z缓存(像素在屏幕空间的Z值)。
给出我们光栅化的代码：
光栅化平顶三角形(透视纹理映射)的代码：
//用扫描线法绘制平顶三角形,y2=y3
//扫描线的ZU,ZV,Z各个扫描步长是不一样的,X和Y的扫描步长为1.0,而ZU
//视口空间或者NDC空间的Z值与相机空间的Z值的倒数为线性关系,
//支持漫反射光照和环境光
void DrawTopTriangleInTexture(Vertex* p1, Vertex* p2, Vertex* p3)
{
float A = SCREEN_FAR / (SCREEN_FAR - SCREEN_NEAR);
float B = -(SCREEN_FAR* SCREEN_NEAR) / (SCREEN_FAR - SCREEN_NEAR);
int x1 = p1->x;
int y1 = p1->y;
float u1 = p1->u;
float v1 = p1->v;
float z1 = p1->z;
float nx1 = p1->nx;
float ny1 = p1->ny;
float nz1 = p1->nz;
int x2;
int y2;
float u2;
float v2;
float z2;
float nx2;
float ny2;
float nz2;
int x3;
int y3;
float u3;
float v3;
float z3;
float nx3;
float ny3;
float nz3;
//调整P2的参数在左边，而P3的参数在右边
if (p2->x > p3->x)
{
x2 = p3->x;
y2 = p3->y;
z2 = p3->z;
u2 = p3->u;
v2 = p3->v;
nx2 = p3->nx;
ny2 = p3->ny;
nz2 = p3->nz;
x3 = p2->x;
y3 = p2->y;
z3 = p2->z;
u3 = p2->u;
v3 = p2->v;
nx3 = p2->nx;
ny3 = p2->ny;
nz3 = p2->nz;
}
else
{
x2 = p2->x;
y2 = p2->y;
u2 = p2->u;
v2 = p2->v;
nx2 = p2->nx;
ny2 = p2->ny;
nz2 = p2->nz;
z2 = p2->z;
x3 = p3->x;
y3 = p3->y;
u3 = p3->u;
v3 = p3->v;
z3 = p3->z;
nx3 = p3->nx;
ny3 = p3->ny;
nz3 = p3->nz;
}
//扫描线左右端点的值
int left_x;
int right_x;
float left_zu;
float right_zu;
float left_zv;
float right_zv;
float left_z;
float right_z;
float left_znx;
float right_znx;
float left_zny;
float right_zny;
float left_znz;
float right_znz;
//每个变量在扫描线每步横跨的距离
float ZVOneStep;
float ZUOneStep;
float ZOneStep;
float ZNXOneStep;
float ZNYOneStep;
float ZNZOneStep;
float ZU;
float ZV;
float Z;
int x, y;
float ZNX;
float ZNY;
float ZNZ;
//求出各个顶点在相机空间的Z值的倒数
float Z1_Camera_Rec = 1.0 / (B / (z1 - A));
float Z2_Camera_Rec = 1.0 / (B / (z2 - A));
float Z3_Camera_Rec = 1.0 / (B / (z3 - A));
//循环里两点式分母不能为0
if (y2 == y1 || y3 == y1)
{
return;
}
//注意 y>=0&& y<=screen_h,我没进行视平面的裁剪
for (y = y1; y >= 0 && y <= screen_h&&y >= y2; --y)
{
//三角形左右边的点X
left_x = (y - y1) *(x2 - x1) / (y2 - y1) + x1 ;
right_x = (y - y1) *(x3 - x1) / (y3 - y1) + x1+2;
left_zu = (float)(y - y1) *(Z2_Camera_Rec*u2 - Z1_Camera_Rec*u1) / (float)(y2 - y1) + Z1_Camera_Rec*u1;
right_zu = (float)(y - y1) *(Z3_Camera_Rec*u3 - Z1_Camera_Rec*u1) / (float)(y3 - y1) + Z1_Camera_Rec*u1;
//三角形左右边的点的(1/Z)V值
left_zv = (float)(y - y1) *(Z2_Camera_Rec*v2 - Z1_Camera_Rec*v1) / (float)(y2 - y1) + Z1_Camera_Rec*v1;
right_zv = (float)(y - y1) *(Z3_Camera_Rec*v3 - Z1_Camera_Rec*v1) / (float)(y3 - y1) + Z1_Camera_Rec*v1;
//三角形左右边的点的(1/Z)值,
left_z = (float)(y - y1) *(Z2_Camera_Rec - Z1_Camera_Rec) / (float)(y2 - y1) + Z1_Camera_Rec;
right_z = (float)(y - y1) *(Z3_Camera_Rec - Z1_Camera_Rec) / (float)(y3 - y1) + Z1_Camera_Rec;
//三角形左右边的点的(1/Z)*nx值,
left_znx = (float)(y - y1) *(Z2_Camera_Rec*nx2 - Z1_Camera_Rec*nx1) / (float)(y2 - y1) + Z1_Camera_Rec*nx1;
right_znx = (float)(y - y1) *(Z3_Camera_Rec*nx3 - Z1_Camera_Rec*nx1) / (float)(y3 - y1) + Z1_Camera_Rec*nx1;
//三角形左右边的点的(1/Z)*ny值,
left_zny = (float)(y - y1) *(Z2_Camera_Rec*ny2 - Z1_Camera_Rec*ny1) / (float)(y2 - y1) + Z1_Camera_Rec*ny1;
right_zny = (float)(y - y1) *(Z3_Camera_Rec*ny3 - Z1_Camera_Rec*ny1) / (float)(y3 - y1) + Z1_Camera_Rec*ny1;
//三角形左右边的点的(1/Z)*nz值,
left_znz = (float)(y - y1) *(Z2_Camera_Rec*nz2 - Z1_Camera_Rec*nz1) / (float)(y2 - y1) + Z1_Camera_Rec*nz1;
right_znz = (float)(y - y1) *(Z3_Camera_Rec*nz3 - Z1_Camera_Rec*nz1) / (float)(y3 - y1) + Z1_Camera_Rec*nz1;
//求左右两边的扫描长度因此下面请注意
float XLength = (right_x - left_x);
if (XLength != 0.0f)
{
//计算ZU,ZV,Z随每单位X距离变化而变化的长度
ZUOneStep = (right_zu - left_zu) / XLength;
ZVOneStep = (right_zv - left_zv) / XLength;
ZOneStep = (right_z - left_z) / XLength;
ZNXOneStep = (right_znx - left_znx) / XLength;
ZNYOneStep = (right_zny - left_zny) / XLength;
ZNZOneStep = (right_znz - left_znz) / XLength;
//通过插值得到扫描线上每个像素的ZU,ZV,Z,ZNX,ZNY,ZNZ值
//注意x>=0&&x<=screen_w
for (x = left_x + 1, ZU = left_zu, ZV = left_zv, Z = left_z, ZNX = left_znx, ZNY = left_zny, ZNZ = left_znz; x <= right_x&&x >= 0 && x <= screen_w; ++x, ZU += ZUOneStep, ZV += ZVOneStep, Z += ZOneStep, ZNX += ZNXOneStep, ZNY += ZNYOneStep, ZNZ += ZNZOneStep)
{
//求出像素的Z缓冲, 0.0=<zBuffer<=1.0
float zBuffer = Z*B + A;
//Z缓存测试
if (zBuffer >= DepthBuffer[x][y])
{
continue;
}
//相除求出像素的纹理坐标和向量
float u = ZU / Z;
float v = ZV / Z;
float nx = ZNX / Z;
float ny = ZNY / Z;
float nz = ZNZ / Z;
Vector NormalVec = BuildVector(nx, ny, nz);
float texPosX = u*texture_w;
float texPosY = v*texture_h;
int texPosX_Int = int(texPosX);
int texPosY_Int = int(texPosY);
float texPosX_Frac = texPosX - texPosX_Int;
float texPosY_Frac = texPosY - texPosY_Int;
byte r0, g0, b0;
byte r1, g1, b1;
byte r2, g2, b2;
byte r3, g3, b3;
byte r, g, b;
float LightR, LightG, LightB;
Vector DiffuseColor;
//防止访问纹理缓存超出界限
if (texPosX_Int == texture_w || texPosY_Int == texture_h)
continue;
//纹理贴图的非边缘部分可进行双线性插值
else if ((texPosX_Int + 1) < texture_w && (texPosY_Int + 1) < texture_h)
{
//Po像素
b0 = TextureBuffer[texPosY_Int * texture_w * 3 + (texPosX_Int + 1) * 3 - 1];
g0 = TextureBuffer[texPosY_Int* texture_w * 3 + (texPosX_Int + 1) * 3 - 2];
r0 = TextureBuffer[texPosY_Int* texture_w * 3 + (texPosX_Int + 1) * 3 - 3];
//p1像素
b1 = TextureBuffer[texPosY_Int * texture_w * 3 + (texPosX_Int + 2) * 3 - 1];
g1 = TextureBuffer[texPosY_Int * texture_w * 3 + (texPosX_Int + 2) * 3 - 2];
r1 = TextureBuffer[texPosY_Int * texture_w * 3 + (texPosX_Int + 2) * 3 - 3];
//p3像素
b2 = TextureBuffer[(texPosY_Int + 1)* texture_w * 3 + (texPosX_Int + 2) * 3 - 1];
g2 = TextureBuffer[(texPosY_Int + 1)* texture_w * 3 + (texPosX_Int + 2) * 3 - 2];
r2 = TextureBuffer[(texPosY_Int + 1)* texture_w * 3 + (texPosX_Int + 2) * 3 - 3];
//p4像素
b3 = TextureBuffer[(texPosY_Int + 1) * texture_w * 3 + (texPosX_Int + 1) * 3 - 1];
g3 = TextureBuffer[(texPosY_Int + 1)* texture_w * 3 + (texPosX_Int + 1) * 3 - 2];
r3 = TextureBuffer[(texPosY_Int + 1)* texture_w * 3 + (texPosX_Int + 1) * 3 - 3];
b = b0*(1.0f - texPosX_Frac)*(1 - texPosY_Frac) + b1* texPosX_Frac*(1 - texPosY_Frac) + b2*texPosX_Frac*texPosY_Frac + b3*(1.0f - texPosX_Frac)*texPosY_Frac;
g = g0*(1.0f - texPosX_Frac)*(1 - texPosY_Frac) + g1* texPosX_Frac*(1 - texPosY_Frac) + g2*texPosX_Frac*texPosY_Frac + g3*(1.0f - texPosX_Frac)*texPosY_Frac;
r = r0*(1.0f - texPosX_Frac)*(1 - texPosY_Frac) + r1* texPosX_Frac*(1 - texPosY_Frac) + r2*texPosX_Frac*texPosY_Frac + r3*(1.0f - texPosX_Frac)*texPosY_Frac;
}
//纹理贴图的边缘部分可进行点插值
else
{
b = TextureBuffer[texPosY_Int * texture_w * 3 + (texPosX_Int + 1) * 3 - 1];
g = TextureBuffer[texPosY_Int* texture_w * 3 + (texPosX_Int + 1) * 3 - 2];
r = TextureBuffer[texPosY_Int* texture_w * 3 + (texPosX_Int + 1) * 3 - 3];
}
//规格化法向量
VectorNormalize(&NormalVec);
//对单位法向量和漫反射光的反方向进行点乘
float DiffuseFactor = VectorDotProduct(&NormalVec, &DiffuseDirRevse);
//赋予环境光
LightR = AmvientLight.x;
LightG = AmvientLight.y;
LightB = AmvientLight.z;
//求出每个像素的漫反射光
DiffuseColor.x = Clamp(DiffuseFactor*DiffuseLight.x, 0, 255.0f);
DiffuseColor.y = Clamp(DiffuseFactor*DiffuseLight.y, 0, 255.0f);
DiffuseColor.z = Clamp(DiffuseFactor*DiffuseLight.z, 0, 255.0f);
//求出每个像素受到的总的光强(漫反射光强加上环境光强)
LightR = Clamp(DiffuseColor.x + LightR, 0, 255.0f);
LightG = Clamp(DiffuseColor.y + LightG, 0, 255.0f);
LightB = Clamp(DiffuseColor.z + LightB, 0, 255.0f);
//将光强因子缩小255
LightR /= 255.0f;
LightG /= 255.0f;
LightB /= 255.0f;
//最后用光强调节纹理颜色
b = b*LightB;
g = g*LightG;
r = r*LightR;
//更改背后缓存
BackBuffer[int(y) * screen_w * 3 + (int(x) + 1) * 3 - 1] = b;
BackBuffer[int(y) * screen_w * 3 + (int(x) + 1) * 3 - 2] = g;
BackBuffer[int(y) * screen_w * 3 + (int(x) + 1) * 3 - 3] = r;
//更改深度缓存值颜色
DepthBuffer[x][y] = zBuffer;
}
}
}
}
光栅化平底三角形(透视纹理映射)的代码：
//用扫描线法绘制平底三角形,y2=y3
void DrawBottomTriangleInTexture(Vertex* p1, Vertex* p2, Vertex* p3)
{
float A = SCREEN_FAR / (SCREEN_FAR - SCREEN_NEAR);
float B = -(SCREEN_FAR* SCREEN_NEAR) / (SCREEN_FAR - SCREEN_NEAR);
int x1 = p1->x;
int y1 = p1->y;
float u1 = p1->u;
float v1 = p1->v;
float z1 = p1->z;
float nx1 = p1->nx;
float ny1 = p1->ny;
float nz1 = p1->nz;
int x2;
int y2;
float u2;
float v2;
float z2;
float nx2;
float ny2;
float nz2;
int x3;
int y3;
float u3;
float v3;
float z3;
float nx3;
float ny3;
float nz3;
//调整P2的参数在左边，而P3的参数在右边
if (p2->x > p3->x)
{
x2 = p3->x;
y2 = p3->y;
z2 = p3->z;
u2 = p3->u;
v2 = p3->v;
nx2 = p3->nx;
ny2 = p3->ny;
nz2 = p3->nz;
x3 = p2->x;
y3 = p2->y;
z3 = p2->z;
u3 = p2->u;
v3 = p2->v;
nx3 = p2->nx;
ny3 = p2->ny;
nz3 = p2->nz;
}
else
{
x2 = p2->x;
y2 = p2->y;
u2 = p2->u;
v2 = p2->v;
nx2 = p2->nx;
ny2 = p2->ny;
nz2 = p2->nz;
z2 = p2->z;
x3 = p3->x;
y3 = p3->y;
u3 = p3->u;
v3 = p3->v;
z3 = p3->z;
nx3 = p3->nx;
ny3 = p3->ny;
nz3 = p3->nz;
}
//扫描线左右端点的值
int left_x;
int right_x;
float left_zu;
float right_zu;
float left_zv;
float right_zv;
float left_z;
float right_z;
float left_znx;
float right_znx;
float left_zny;
float right_zny;
float left_znz;
float right_znz;
//每个变量在扫描线每步横跨的距离
float ZVOneStep;
float ZUOneStep;
float ZOneStep;
float ZNXOneStep;
float ZNYOneStep;
float ZNZOneStep;
float ZU;
float ZV;
float Z;
int x, y;
float ZNX;
float ZNY;
float ZNZ;
//求出各个顶点在相机空间的Z值的倒数
float Z1_Camera_Rec = 1.0 / (B / (z1 - A));
float Z2_Camera_Rec = 1.0 / (B / (z2 - A));
float Z3_Camera_Rec = 1.0 / (B / (z3 - A));
//循环里两点式分母不能为0
if (y2 == y1 || y3 == y1)
{
return;
}
//判断循环条件不能缺少“=”
//注意y>=0&&y<=screen_h
for (y = y1; y >= 0 && y <= screen_h&&y <= y2; ++y)
{
//三角形左右边的点X,右边的X+1，来消除黑边,因为我发现是平顶或者平底三角形是右边缘绘制不到，所以加大右边的X值
left_x = (y - y1) *(x2 - x1) / (y2 - y1) + x1;
right_x = (y - y1) *(x3 - x1) / (y3 - y1) + x1 + 2;
//三角形左右边的点的(1/Z)U值
left_zu = (float)(y - y1) *(Z2_Camera_Rec*u2 - Z1_Camera_Rec*u1) / (float)(y2 - y1) + Z1_Camera_Rec*u1;
right_zu = (float)(y - y1) *(Z3_Camera_Rec*u3 - Z1_Camera_Rec*u1) / (float)(y3 - y1) + Z1_Camera_Rec*u1;
//三角形左右边的点的(1/Z)V值
left_zv = (float)(y - y1) *(Z2_Camera_Rec*v2 - Z1_Camera_Rec*v1) / (float)(y2 - y1) + Z1_Camera_Rec*v1;
right_zv = (float)(y - y1) *(Z3_Camera_Rec*v3 - Z1_Camera_Rec*v1) / (float)(y3 - y1) + Z1_Camera_Rec*v1;
//三角形左右边的点的(1/Z)值,
left_z = (float)(y - y1) *(Z2_Camera_Rec- Z1_Camera_Rec) / (float)(y2 - y1) + Z1_Camera_Rec;
right_z = (float)(y - y1) *(Z3_Camera_Rec - Z1_Camera_Rec) / (float)(y3 - y1) + Z1_Camera_Rec;
//三角形左右边的点的(1/Z)*nx值,
left_znx = (float)(y - y1) *(Z2_Camera_Rec*nx2 - Z1_Camera_Rec*nx1) / (float)(y2 - y1) + Z1_Camera_Rec*nx1;
right_znx = (float)(y - y1) *(Z3_Camera_Rec*nx3 - Z1_Camera_Rec*nx1) / (float)(y3 - y1) + Z1_Camera_Rec*nx1;
//三角形左右边的点的(1/Z)*ny值,
left_zny = (float)(y - y1) *(Z2_Camera_Rec*ny2 - Z1_Camera_Rec*ny1) / (float)(y2 - y1) + Z1_Camera_Rec*ny1;
right_zny = (float)(y - y1) *(Z3_Camera_Rec*ny3 - Z1_Camera_Rec*ny1) / (float)(y3 - y1) + Z1_Camera_Rec*ny1;
//三角形左右边的点的(1/Z)*nz值,
left_znz = (float)(y - y1) *(Z2_Camera_Rec*nz2 - Z1_Camera_Rec*nz1) / (float)(y2 - y1) + Z1_Camera_Rec*nz1;
right_znz = (float)(y - y1) *(Z3_Camera_Rec*nz3 - Z1_Camera_Rec*nz1) / (float)(y3 - y1) + Z1_Camera_Rec*nz1;
//此时并不知道
float XLength = right_x - left_x;
if (XLength != 0.0f)
{
//计算ZU,ZV,Z,ZNX,ZNY,ZNZ随每单位X距离变化而变化的长度
ZUOneStep = (right_zu - left_zu) / XLength;
ZVOneStep = (right_zv - left_zv) / XLength;
ZOneStep = (right_z - left_z) / XLength;
ZNXOneStep = (right_znx - left_znx) / XLength;
ZNYOneStep = (right_zny - left_zny) / XLength;
ZNZOneStep = (right_znz - left_znz) / XLength;
//通过插值得到扫描线上每个像素的ZU,ZV,Z,ZNX,ZNY,ZNZ值
//注意x>=0&&x<=screen_w
for (x = left_x + 1, ZU = left_zu, ZV = left_zv, Z = left_z, ZNX = left_znx, ZNY = left_zny, ZNZ = left_znz; x <= right_x&&x >= 0 && x <= screen_w; ++x, ZU += ZUOneStep, ZV += ZVOneStep, Z += ZOneStep, ZNX += ZNXOneStep, ZNY += ZNYOneStep,ZNZ+=ZNZOneStep)
{
//求出像素的Z缓冲, 0.0=<zBuffer<=1.0
float zBuffer = Z*B + A;
//Z缓存测试
if (zBuffer >= DepthBuffer[x][y])
{
continue;
}
//相除求出像素的纹理坐标和向量
float u = ZU / Z;
float v = ZV / Z;
float nx = ZNX / Z;
float ny = ZNY/ Z;
float nz = ZNZ / Z;
Vector NormalVec = BuildVector(nx, ny, nz);
float texPosX = u*texture_w;
float texPosY = v*texture_h;
int texPosX_Int = int(texPosX);
int texPosY_Int = int(texPosY);
float texPosX_Frac = texPosX - texPosX_Int;
float texPosY_Frac = texPosY - texPosY_Int;
byte r0, g0, b0;
byte r1, g1, b1;
byte r2, g2, b2;
byte r3, g3, b3;
byte r, g, b;
float LightR, LightG, LightB;
Vector DiffuseColor;
//防止访问纹理缓存超出界限
if (texPosX_Int == texture_w || texPosY_Int == texture_h)
continue;
//纹理贴图的非边缘部分可进行双线性插值
else if ((texPosX_Int + 1) < texture_w && (texPosY_Int + 1) < texture_h)
{
//Po像素
b0 = TextureBuffer[texPosY_Int * texture_w * 3 + (texPosX_Int + 1) * 3 - 1];
g0 = TextureBuffer[texPosY_Int* texture_w * 3 + (texPosX_Int + 1) * 3 - 2];
r0 = TextureBuffer[texPosY_Int* texture_w * 3 + (texPosX_Int + 1) * 3 - 3];
//p1像素
b1 = TextureBuffer[texPosY_Int * texture_w * 3 + (texPosX_Int + 2) * 3 - 1];
g1 = TextureBuffer[texPosY_Int * texture_w * 3 + (texPosX_Int + 2) * 3 - 2];
r1 = TextureBuffer[texPosY_Int * texture_w * 3 + (texPosX_Int + 2) * 3 - 3];
//p3像素
b2 = TextureBuffer[(texPosY_Int + 1)* texture_w * 3 + (texPosX_Int + 2) * 3 - 1];
g2 = TextureBuffer[(texPosY_Int + 1)* texture_w * 3 + (texPosX_Int + 2) * 3 - 2];
r2 = TextureBuffer[(texPosY_Int + 1)* texture_w * 3 + (texPosX_Int + 2) * 3 - 3];
//p4像素
b3 = TextureBuffer[(texPosY_Int + 1) * texture_w * 3 + (texPosX_Int + 1) * 3 - 1];
g3 = TextureBuffer[(texPosY_Int + 1)* texture_w * 3 + (texPosX_Int + 1) * 3 - 2];
r3 = TextureBuffer[(texPosY_Int + 1)* texture_w * 3 + (texPosX_Int + 1) * 3 - 3];
b = b0*(1.0f - texPosX_Frac)*(1 - texPosY_Frac) + b1* texPosX_Frac*(1 - texPosY_Frac) + b2*texPosX_Frac*texPosY_Frac + b3*(1.0f - texPosX_Frac)*texPosY_Frac;
g = g0*(1.0f - texPosX_Frac)*(1 - texPosY_Frac) + g1* texPosX_Frac*(1 - texPosY_Frac) + g2*texPosX_Frac*texPosY_Frac + g3*(1.0f - texPosX_Frac)*texPosY_Frac;
r = r0*(1.0f - texPosX_Frac)*(1 - texPosY_Frac) + r1* texPosX_Frac*(1 - texPosY_Frac) + r2*texPosX_Frac*texPosY_Frac + r3*(1.0f - texPosX_Frac)*texPosY_Frac;
}
//纹理贴图的边缘部分可进行点插值
else
{
b = TextureBuffer[texPosY_Int * texture_w * 3 + (texPosX_Int + 1) * 3 - 1];
g = TextureBuffer[texPosY_Int* texture_w * 3 + (texPosX_Int + 1) * 3 - 2];
r = TextureBuffer[texPosY_Int* texture_w * 3 + (texPosX_Int + 1) * 3 - 3];
}
//规格化法向量
VectorNormalize(&NormalVec);
//对单位法向量和漫反射光的反方向进行点乘
float DiffuseFactor = VectorDotProduct(&NormalVec, &DiffuseDirRevse);
//赋予环境光
LightR = AmvientLight.x;
LightG = AmvientLight.y;
LightB = AmvientLight.z;
//求出每个像素的漫反射光
DiffuseColor.x = Clamp(DiffuseFactor*DiffuseLight.x,0,255.0f);
DiffuseColor.y = Clamp(DiffuseFactor*DiffuseLight.y, 0, 255.0f);
DiffuseColor.z = Clamp(DiffuseFactor*DiffuseLight.z, 0, 255.0f);
//求出每个像素受到的总的光强(漫反射光强加上环境光强)
LightR = Clamp(DiffuseColor.x + LightR, 0, 255.0f);
LightG = Clamp(DiffuseColor.y + LightG, 0, 255.0f);
LightB = Clamp(DiffuseColor.z + LightB, 0, 255.0f);
//将光强因子缩小255
LightR /= 255.0f;
LightG /= 255.0f;
LightB /= 255.0f;
//最后用光强调节纹理颜色
b = b*LightB;
g = g*LightG;
r = r*LightR;
//更改背后缓存颜色
BackBuffer[int(y) * screen_w * 3 + (int(x) + 1) * 3 - 1] = b;
BackBuffer[int(y) * screen_w * 3 + (int(x) + 1) * 3 - 2] = g;
BackBuffer[int(y) * screen_w * 3 + (int(x) + 1) * 3 - 3] = r;
//更改深度缓存值
DepthBuffer[x][y] = zBuffer;
}
}
}
}
三，关于斜三角形的处理。
我们光栅化斜三角形时，是把一个斜三角形分为一个平顶三角形和平顶三角形的，如下面图所示:
斜三角形S1S2S3分为平底三角形s1s2s4和平顶三角形s3s2s4，那么新引入的点s4的纹理坐标，Z坐标，法向量等等怎么求？其实也得按照透视纹理映射的方法来求：
代码实现:
//计算点s4的X,Y,Z,U,V,Z值
//(1/Zcamera)*U (1/Zcamera)*V 1/Zcamera ,(1/Zcamera)*nz,(1/Zcamera)*ny ,(1/Zcamera)*nz 与X和Y呈线性关系
//先由Z缓存求出Z相机的值
Vertex s4;
s4.y = s2.y;
s4.x = (s4.y - s1.y) *(s3.x - s1.x) / (s3.y - s1.y) + s1.x;
//求出S1和S3的Z在相机空间的值
float A = SCREEN_FAR / (SCREEN_FAR - SCREEN_NEAR);
float B = -(SCREEN_FAR* SCREEN_NEAR) / (SCREEN_FAR - SCREEN_NEAR);
//求出S1和S3的在相机空间的Z的倒数
float ZCamera_S3_Rec = 1.0f / (B / (s3.z - A));
float ZCamera_S1_Rec = 1.0f / (B / (s1.z - A));
//求出S1和S3的 U/Zcamera, V/Camera, 1/Zcamera, nx/Zcamera,ny/Zcamera, nz/Zcamera,
float ZU_S3 = s3.u * ZCamera_S3_Rec;
float ZU_S1 = s1.u * ZCamera_S1_Rec;
float ZV_S3 = s3.v * ZCamera_S3_Rec;
float ZV_S1 = s1.v * ZCamera_S1_Rec;
float ZNX_S3 = s3.nx * ZCamera_S3_Rec;
float ZNX_S1 = s1.nx * ZCamera_S1_Rec;
float ZNY_S3 = s3.ny * ZCamera_S3_Rec;
float ZNY_S1 = s1.ny * ZCamera_S1_Rec;
float ZNZ_S3 = s3.nz * ZCamera_S3_Rec;
float ZNZ_S1 = s1.nz * ZCamera_S1_Rec;
//对(1/Zcamera)*U (1/Zcamera)*V 1/Zcamera进行线性插值
float Z_S4= (s4.y - s1.y) *(ZCamera_S3_Rec - ZCamera_S1_Rec) / (s3.y - s1.y) + ZCamera_S1_Rec;
float ZU_S4 = (s4.y - s1.y) *(ZU_S3 - ZU_S1) / (s3.y - s1.y) + ZU_S1;
float ZV_S4 = (s4.y - s1.y) *(ZV_S3 - ZV_S1) / (s3.y - s1.y) + ZV_S1;
float ZNX_S4 = (s4.y - s1.y) *(ZNX_S3 - ZNX_S1) / (s3.y - s1.y) + ZNX_S1;
float ZNY_S4 = (s4.y - s1.y) *(ZNY_S3 - ZNY_S1) / (s3.y - s1.y) + ZNY_S1;
float ZNZ_S4 = (s4.y - s1.y) *(ZNZ_S3 - ZNZ_S1) / (s3.y - s1.y) + ZNZ_S1;
//求s4的U,V值
s4.u = ZU_S4 / Z_S4;
s4.v = ZV_S4 / Z_S4;
s4.nx= ZNX_S4/ Z_S4;
s4.ny = ZNY_S4 / Z_S4;
s4.nz = ZNZ_S4 / Z_S4;
//s4的Z值可以从Z相机的倒数计算出来
s4.z = Z_S4*B + A;
//s1s2s4为平底三角形
DrawBottomTriangleInTexture(&s1, &s2, &s4);
//s3s4s2为平顶三角形
DrawTopTriangleInTexture(&s3, &s2, &s4);
四，光栅化得到像素的属性位于哪个空间?
通过深入探索透视纹理映射（上）和深入探索透视纹理映射（下）两篇技术博客，以及自己亲自实现一个软件光栅器，我明白了如果光栅化的三角形的顶点的属性位于哪个空间，那么相应的光栅化得到的像素的相应属性就是位于哪个空间，比如：如果我们构成三角形的顶点的法向量位于世界空间，则光栅化得到的像素的法向量则位于世界空间；
如果我们构成三角形的顶点的法向量位于局部空间，则光栅化得到的像素的法向量则位于局部空间；这就解释了D3D11的为什么只要光照方向和像素法向量只要是位于同一个空间计算，无论是局部空间还是世界空间，切线空间，甚至是相机空间，计算出的结果都是对的。
最终发出我们程序的截图：
按下“1”，为线框模式：
按下“2”，为Gouraud(也就是Per-Vertex-Shading)着色模式：
按下“3”，为phong(Per_Fragment_Shading)着色模式：
支持透视纹理映射
支持漫反射光和环境光
支持双采样滤波
支持Z缓存测试
下面放出我的整个项目源代码链接:
https://github.com/2047241149/SoftRender
http://download.csdn.net/detail/qq_29523119/9698519
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