unity 实用框架

单例模式基类

类不继承mono的单例基类

/// <summary>
/// 单例基类
/// </summary>
//泛型解决，给他一个约束要么是这个类本身要么是它的子类
public class SingleBase<T>where T : SingleBase<T>
{
    protected SingleBase() { }

    //线程锁。当多线程访问时，同一时刻仅允许一个线程访问。
    private static object locker=new object();

    //volatile关键字修饰字段是当多个线程都对他进行修改时，确保这个字段在任何时刻呈现都是最新的值
    private volatile  static T _instance;
    public static T Instance
    {
        get
        {
            //双重保证对象的唯一性
            if (_instance == null)
            {
                lock (locker)
                {
                    if (_instance == null)
                    {
                        //使用反射调用无参构造方法创建对象,就是new一个对象的意思
                        _instance = Activator.CreateInstance(typeof(T), true) as T;
                    }
                }
            }
            return _instance;
        }
    }
}

继承单例基类就不用再写了

public class PlayerModel:SingleBase<PlayerModel>
{
    private PlayerModel() { }
    
    public int money=1000;

    public int diamond = 888;

    public void Show()
    {
        Debug.Log(money);
        Debug.Log(diamond);
    }
}

PlayerModel.Instance.Show();

类继承mono的单例基类

/// <summary>
/// 继承monobehaviour的单例基类,前面是继承，where后面是泛型约束，要么是本身，要么是继承monobehaviour
/// </summary>
public class SingleMonoBase<T> : MonoBehaviour where T : MonoBehaviour
{
    protected SingleMonoBase() { }

    //声明一个isExisted属性用来表示单例对象是否存在，用来记录单例对象是否存在，用于防止在OnDestroy方法中访问单例对象报错。
    public static bool isExisted { get; private set; } = false;

    private static T _instance;

    public static T Instance
    {
        get
        {
            if (_instance == null)
            {
                _instance=FindObjectOfType<T>();
                if (_instance == null)
                {
                    //通过反射获取T类型的名字,typeof(T)就是获取T类型的信息，创建游戏对象挂载脚本
                    GameObject go = new GameObject(typeof(T).Name);
                    _instance = go.AddComponent<T>();

                    DontDestroyOnLoad(go);
                    isExisted = true;
                }
            }
            return _instance;
        }
    }
    //在子类中也可能有OnDestroy用protected修饰可以访问了，子类可能重写这个方法还要写关键字virtual成为虚方法让子类重写他
    protected virtual  void OnDestroy()
    {
        isExisted=false;
    }
}

public class YaoUIManager : SingleMonoBase<YaoUIManager>
{
   
    private YaoUIManager() { }
    public void yao()
    {
        Debug.Log("yaoyao");
    }
}}

YaoUIManager.Instance.yao();

资源加载管理器

五种方法

1. inspector窗口拖拽，Instantiate(go);
2. resources.Load方法、Resources.LoadAsync方法、Resources.LoadAll方法来加载资源。Resources文件夹只能存储2G左右的资源，要谨慎使用，不支持热更新。
3. AssetBundle.LoadFormXXX方法来加载资源。
4. Addressables(可寻址资源系统)，理解为高级的AssetBundle，资源管理由unity内部自动完成。目前还在发展中，可能有bug。
5. AssetDatabase.LoadAssetAtPath方法来加载资源，仅限于编辑器模式，主要用于再编辑器模式下用代码改变本地文件。

using System.Resources;

using UnityEngine.Events;

/// <summary>
/// 封装resourcesManager的异步加载
/// </summary>
public class ResourcesManager : SingleMonoBase<ResourcesManager>
{
    /// <summary>
    /// 同步加载Resources文件夹中指定类型的资源
    /// 如果有多个相同类型，且相同路径的资源，则只会返回找到的第一个资源。
    /// </summary>
    /// <typeparam name="T">要加载的资源的类型</typeparam>
    /// <param name="path">资源的路径</param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public T Load<T>(string path)where T:Object
    {
        return Resources.Load<T>(path);
    }
    public T[] LoadAll<T>(string path) where T : Object
    {
        return Resources.LoadAll<T>(path);
    }
    /// <summary>
    /// 异步加载Resources文件夹中指定类型的资源
    /// 如果有多个相同类型，且相同路径的资源，则只会加载找到的第一个资源。
    /// </summary>
    /// <typeparam name="T">加载的资源的类型</typeparam>
    /// <param name="path">要加载的资源的路径</param>
    /// <param name="callback">资源加载完毕后要执行的逻辑</param>
    public void LoadAsync<T>(string path,UnityAction<T> callback=null)where T : Object
    {
        StartCoroutine(LoadAsyncCoroutine(path,callback));
    }
    IEnumerator LoadAsyncCoroutine<T>(string path,UnityAction <T> callback=null) where T : Object
    {
       ResourceRequest resourceRequest= Resources.LoadAsync<T>(path);//开始加载资源
       yield return resourceRequest;//等待资源加载完毕
       callback?.Invoke(resourceRequest.asset as T);

    }
    public void UnloadUnusedAssets(UnityAction callback=null)
    {
      MonoManager.Instance.StartCorotine(UnloadUnusedAssetCoroutine(callback));
    }
    IEnumerator UnloadUnusedAssetCoroutine(UnityAction callback=null)
    {
        AsyncOperation asyncOperation = Resources.UnloadUnusedAssets();//开始卸载资源
        while (asyncOperation.progress < 1)
        {
            yield return null;
        }
        //资源卸载完毕后执行的逻辑
        callback?.Invoke();
    }
}

GameObject go = ResourcesManager.Instance.Load<GameObject>("Prefabs/Cube");

GameObject[] gos = ResourcesManager.Instance.LoadAll<GameObject>("Prefabs");

音频管理器

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
/// <summary>
/// 音频管理器
/// </summary>
public class AudioManager : SingleMonoBase<AudioManager> 
{
    //各个声道的AudioSource组件
    AudioSource bgmAudiosource;
    AudioSource bgsAudiosource;
    AudioSource voiceAudiosource;
    //各个声道的游戏对象
    GameObject bgmController;
    GameObject soundController;
    GameObject bgsController;
    GameObject msController;
    GameObject voiceController;
    private void Awake()
    {
        //背景音乐控制
        bgmController = CreatController("BGMController");
        bgmAudiosource = bgmController.GetComponent<AudioSource>();
        bgmAudiosource.playOnAwake = false;
        bgmAudiosource.loop = true;
        
        //音效控制
        soundController = CreatController("SoundController");
        bgsAudiosource = bgmController.GetComponent<AudioSource>();
        bgsAudiosource.loop=true;


        msController = CreatController("MSController");
        //声音控制
        voiceController = CreatController("VoiceController");
        voiceAudiosource=voiceController.GetComponent<AudioSource>();
        voiceAudiosource.playOnAwake=false;
        voiceAudiosource.loop = false;
    }
    //创建控制器
    GameObject CreatController(string name)
    {
        GameObject go=new GameObject(name);
        go.transform.SetParent(transform);
        return go;
    }
}

AudioManager.Instance.PlayBGM(BGM_1);
AudioManager.Instance.PauseBGM(BGM_1);
AudioManager.Instance..UnPauseBGM(BGM_1);
AudioManager.Instance.StopBGM(BGM_1);

AudioManager.Instance.PlaySound(Sound_1,new Vector3(1,2,3));
AudioManager.Instance.PauseSound(Sound_1,GameObject.Find("Gold"));
AudioManager.Instance..UnPauseSound(BGM_1);
AudioManager.Instance.StopSound(BGM_1);