Ubuntu初始设置—美化

效果图

• ubuntu安装分区

单独安装ubuntu时，/boot分区设为主分区，给2G，其他都是逻辑分区，交换分区（swap）给8G，根目录 / (多给一点)给40G以上，其他的都给/ home，将boot安装在/boot分区。

安装Windows和ubuntu双系统时，设置U盘启动时要选择有uefi前缀的U盘，注意不要分/boot分区，交换分区（swap）设为主分区，给8G，其他都是逻辑分区，根目录 / 给40G以上，其他给 /home，将boot安装在Windows boot manager。

• 部分电脑开机不能接入桌面是由于双显卡冲突，在grub界面选中ubuntu按e进入grub编辑模式，在quiet splash 那一行后面加上acpi_osi=linux nomodeset,F10保存退出进入桌面后再sudo gedit /boot/grub/grub.cfg找到刚才的位置加入同样的代码。

• 一般ubuntu装好后，分辨率都会有问题，这是因为显卡驱动没有安装，参考教程进行安装

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa //添加ppa仓库
sudo apt update
sudo ubuntu-drivers autoinstall //自动安装

• 美化

//安装主题
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:noobslab/themes
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install flatabulous-theme
	
//安装图标
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:noobslab/icons
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ultra-flat-icons
	
//安装字体
sudo apt-get install fonts-wqy-microhei
	
安装gnome-tweak-tool配置
sudo apt-get install gnome-tweak-tool

# 登录界面修改
sudo gedit /usr/share/glib-2.0/schemas/50_unity-greeter.gschema.override # 创建并编辑替换文件

# 文件内容
[com.canonical.unity-greeter]
background = "/usr/share/backgrounds/my-background.jpg"	# 背景图片路径
background-color = "#262626"	# 背景颜色
play-ready-sound = false # 关闭开头的鼓声
logo = "/usr/share/unity-greeter/my-logo.png"	# ubuntu logo
draw-grid = false	# 去除背景点阵
show-hostname = false # 显示主机名
theme-name = "Flatabulous" # 主题名

# 刷新shemas
sudo glib-compile-schemas /usr/share/glib-2.0/schemas/

# 重启lightdm
sudo systemctl restart lightdm

• 切换阿里源
  lsb_release -a #查看系统codename
  cd /etc/apt
  sudo mv sources.list sources.list_bak #备份原来的源

sudo vim sources.list	#编辑源文件，复制以下内容
# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 16.04 LTS _Xenial Xerus_ - Release amd64 (20160420.1)]/ xenial main restricted
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial main restricted #Added by software-properties
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse #Added by software-properties
deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner
deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security multiverse

sudo apt-get update

• 美化GRUB引导界面
  去网站下载主题包
  解压缩文件到/boot/grub/themes/文件夹

sudo gedit /etc/grub.d/00_header
# 添加 GRUB_THEME="主题文件的位置（txt文件的地址）"如：GRUB_THEME="/boot/grub/themes/Stylish-1080p/stylish/theme.txt"

sudo update-grub

• 安装米聊,chrome,搜狗输入法等软件