二、外国子公司 Foreign Subsidiaries CRSR

FRS 102 Section 30: Foreign Currency Translation

(1) INDIVIDUAL COMPANY STAGE

DEFINITIONS

Functional Currency The currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates

Presentation Currency The currency in which the financial statements are presented

GENERAL RULE

Each entity should determine its functional currency and measure its results and financial position in that currency

For most individual companies the functional currency will be that of the country in which they are located and in which they carry out most of their transactions.

The presentation currency of most individual companies will also tend to be that of the country in which they are located

(A) INITIAL RECOGNITION

Each asset, liability, revenue or cost arising from a transaction denominated in a foreign currency should be translated into the functional currency at the exchange rate in operation on the date on which the transaction occurred

If exchange rates do not fluctuate significantly, an average rate for a period may be used

(B) ACCOUNTING AT THE YEAR END

NON MONETARY ITEMS

These should not be retranslated at the year end i.e they are left at the historical rate

e.g. fixed assets and stocks

MONETARY ITEMS

At each balance sheet date, monetary assets and liabilities denominated in a foreign currency should be retranslated using the rate of exchange at that date

e.g. debtors , creditors , loans

The treatment of the resulting exchange gains and losses is as follows:

On Trading Transactions

Recognise in the profit and loss account as other operating income / expense

On Financing Transactions

Recognise in the profit and loss account as interest receivable / payable

FRS 102 第30节：外币折算Foreign Currency Translation

(1) 单一公司阶段

定义：

功能货币 - 该实体经营的主要经济环境中的货币

报告货币 - 财务报表呈现的货币

通用规则：

每个实体应确定其功能货币，并用该货币衡量其结果和财务状况。

对于大多数单一公司，功能货币将是其所在国家的货币，且在该国家进行大部分交易。

大多数单一公司的报告货币也倾向于是其所在国家的货币。

(A) 初次确认INITIAL RECOGNITION

由用外币表示的交易产生的每项资产、负债、收入或成本应按交易发生之日有效的汇率转换为功能货币。

如果汇率波动不大，可以使用一个时期的平均汇率。

(B) 年终会计

非货币性项目

年终时不应重新转换，即以历史汇率保持。例如，固定资产和库存。

货币性项目

在每个资产负债表日期，用外币表示的货币资产和负债应按该日期的汇率重新转换。例如，应收帐款、应付帐款、贷款。

由此产生的汇兑损益的处理如下：

交易交易 On Trading Transactions

在利润和损失账户中作为其他经营收入/费用识别。

融资交易 On Financing Transactions

在利润和损失账户中作为应收/应付利息识别。