ROS——话题通信、服务通信编程

一、工作空间

• 创建工作空间

mkdir -p ~/catkin_ws/src
cd ~/catkin_ws/src
catkin_init_workspace

• 编译工作空间

cd ~/catkin_ws
catkin_make

• 设置环境变量

source devel/setup.bash

• 检查环境变量

echo $ROS_PACKAGE_PATH

二、功能包

放置源码的最小单元

• 创建功能包

cd ~/catkin_ws/src
catkin_create_pkg learning_communication test_pkg std_msgs rospy roscpp

• 编译功能包

cd ~/catkin_ws
catkin_make
source ~/catkin_ws/devel/setup.bash

三、ROS通信编程

（一）话题通信编程

• 进入learning_communication目录，将代码存在src目录下
  talker.cpp

#include<sstream>
#include"ros/ros.h"
#include"std_msgs/String.h"
int main(int argc,char **argv)
{
	//ROS节点初始化
	ros::init(argc,argv,"talker");
	//创建节点句柄
	ros::NodeHandle n;
	//创建一个Publisher，发布名为chatter的topic，消息类型为std_msgs::String
	ros::Publisher chatter_pub=n.advertise<std_msgs::String>("chatter",1000);
	//设置循环的频率
	ros::Rate loop_rate(10);
	int count=0;
	while(ros::ok())
	{
		//初始化std_msgs::String类型的消息
		std_msgs::String msg;
		std::stringstream ss;
		ss<<"hello world"<<count;
		msg.data=ss.str();
		//发布消息
		ROS_INFO("%s",msg.data.c_str());
		chatter_pub.publish(msg);
		//循环等待回调函数
		ros::spinOnce();
		//接受循环频率延时
		loop_rate.sleep();
		++count;
	}
	return 0;
}

listener.cpp

#include"ros/ros.h"
#include"std_msgs/String.h"
//接收到订阅的消息，会进入消息的回调函数
void chatterCallback(const std_msgs::String::ConstPtr& msg)
{
	//将接收到的消息打印处理
	ROS_INFO("I heard:{%s}",msg->data.c_str());
}
int main(int argc,char **argv)
{
	//初始化ROS节点
	ros::init(argc,argv,"listener");
	//创建节点句柄
	ros::NodeHandle n;
	//创建一个Subscriber，订阅名为chatter的topic，注册回调函数chatterCallback
	ros::Subscriber sub=n.subscribe("chatter",1000,chatterCallback);
	//循环等待回调函数
	ros::spin();
	return 0;
}

• 打开CMakeLists.txt文件，设置需要编译的代码和生成的可执行文件以及链接库
  

• 编译
  
  

• 运行可执行文件

roscore
rosrun learning_communication talker
rosrun learning_communication listener

出现“[rospack]Error:package ‘learning_communication’ not found”错误
解决方法：
sudo gedit ~/.bashrc
在末尾添加source /home/xxx/catkin_ws/devel/setup.bash
这里xxx指的是自己的用户名

（二）服务通信编程

• 定义srv文件

mkdir ~/catkin_ws/src/learning_communication/srv
sudo nano AddTwoInts.srv

AddTwoInts.srv

int64 a
int64 b
---
int64 sum

• 在package.xml中添加功能包依赖

<build_depend>message_generation<build_depend>
<exec_depend>message_runtime</exec_depend>

• 在CMakeLists.txt添加编译选项
  
  
  
  

• 代码
  server.cpp

#include<ros/ros.h>
#include"learning_communication/AddTwoInts.h"
//service回调函数，输入参数req，输出参数res
bool add(learning_communication::AddTwoInts::Request &req,learning_communication::AddTwoInts::Response &res)
{
	//将输入的参数中的请求数据相加，结果放到应答变量中
	res.sum=req.a+req.b;
	ROS_INFO("request: x=%1d,y=%1d",(long int)req.a,(long int)req.b);
	ROS_INFO("sending back response:[%1d]",(long int)res.sum);
	return true;
}
int main(int argc,char **argv)
{
	//ROS节点初始化
	ros::init(argc,argv,"add_two_ints_server");
	//创建节点句柄
	ros::NodeHandle n;
	//创建一个名为add_two_ints的server,注册回调函数add()
	ros::ServiceServer service=n.advertiseService("add_two_ints",add);
	//循环等待回调函数
	ROS_INFO("Ready to add two ints.");
	ros::spin();
	return 0;
}

client.cpp

#include<cstdlib>
#include<ros/ros.h>
#include"learning_communication/AddTwoInts.h"
int main(int argc,char **argv)
{
	//ROS节点初始化
	ros::init(argc,argv,"add_two_ints_client");
	//从终端命令行获取两个加数
	if(argc!=3)
	{
		ROS_INFO("usage:add_two_ints_client X Y");
		return 1;
	}
	//创建节点句柄
	ros::NodeHandle n;
	//创建一个client，请求add_two_ints_service
	//service消息类型是learning_communication::AddTwoInts
	ros::ServiceClient client=n.serviceClient<learning_communication::AddTwoInts>("add_two_ints");
	//创建learning_communication::AddTwoInts类型的service消息
	learning_communication::AddTwoInts srv;
	srv.request.a=atoll(argv[1]);
	srv.request.b=atoll(argv[2]);
	//发布service请求，等待加法运算的应答请求
	if(client.call(srv))
	{
		ROS_INFO("sum: %1d",(long int)srv.response.sum);
	}
	else
	{
		ROS_INFO("Failed to call service add_two_ints");
		return 1;
	}
	return 0;
}

• 编译
  
  

• 运行可执行文件
  先运行server，再运行client

roscore
rosrun learning_communication server
rosrun learning_communication client 1 3

四、参考

ROS基础——话题、服务、动作编程