Unity3D:AssetBundle应用

AssetBundle是什么：

AssetBundle文件，也叫AB包，可以存储任何一种Unity可以识别的资源，如模型、纹理图、音频、场景等资源，也可加载开发者自定义的二进制文件。AssetBundle支持3种格式的压缩，分别是LZMA、LZ4、无压缩，默认是LZMA格式的压缩，使资源文件体积减小，便于下载和传播。

一：打包AssetBundle

使用到的API

打包AssetBundle
BuildPipeline.BuildAssetBundles(string outputPath, BuildAssetBundleOptions assetBundleOptions, BuildTarget targetPlatform);

案例代码

using System.IO;
using UnityEditor;
using UnityEngine;

public class AssetBundleEditor
{
    private static string ASSETBUNDLEDIRECTORY = Application.streamingAssetsPath + "/" + "AssetBundles/";
    [MenuItem("工具/生成AssetBundle")]
    public static void GeneratorAssetBundle()
    {
        if (!Directory.Exists(ASSETBUNDLEDIRECTORY))
        {
            Directory.CreateDirectory(ASSETBUNDLEDIRECTORY);
        }
        BuildPipeline.BuildAssetBundles(ASSETBUNDLEDIRECTORY, BuildAssetBundleOptions.None, BuildTarget.StandaloneWindows);
    }
}

使用教程

设置Prefab的AssetBundle属性

点击脚本中定义的选项卡，生成AssetBundle目录

二：加载AssetBundle

使用到的API

同步加载AssetBundle
AssetBundle.LoadFromFile(path)
异步加载AssetBundle
AssetBundle.LoadFromFileAsync(path)

同步加载AssetBundle案例代码

using UnityEngine;

public class Test : MonoBehaviour
{
    private const string ASSETBUNDLEDIRECTORY = "AssetBundles";//AssetBundle目录名
    // Start is called before the first frame update
    void Start()
    {
        string directoryPath = Application.streamingAssetsPath + "/" + ASSETBUNDLEDIRECTORY + "/"; 
        string assetBundleName = "test";//打包时Prefab设置的AssetBundle属性
        AssetBundle assetBundle = AssetBundle.LoadFromFile(directoryPath + assetBundleName);
        GameObject cubePrefab = assetBundle.LoadAsset("Cube") as GameObject;//该AssetBundle中的资源名称
        GameObject.Instantiate(cubePrefab);
    }
}

异步加载AssetBundle案例代码

using System.Collections;
using UnityEngine;

public class Test : MonoBehaviour
{
    private const string ASSETBUNDLEDIRECTORY = "AssetBundles";//AssetBundle目录名
    // Start is called before the first frame update
    void Start()
    {
        StartCoroutine(InstantiateAssetBundle());
    }
    IEnumerator InstantiateAssetBundle()
    {
        string directoryPath = Application.streamingAssetsPath + "/" + ASSETBUNDLEDIRECTORY + "/";
        string assetBundleName = "test";//打包时Prefab设置的AssetBundle属性
        AssetBundleCreateRequest request = AssetBundle.LoadFromFileAsync(directoryPath + assetBundleName);
        yield return request;
        AssetBundle assetBundle = request.assetBundle;
        GameObject cubePrefab = assetBundle.LoadAsset("Cube") as GameObject;//该AssetBundle中的资源名称
        GameObject.Instantiate(cubePrefab);
    }
}

三：卸载AssetBundle

注意：卸载是指卸载内存中的数据，场景中的物体并不会被销毁

使用到的API

AssetBundle.Unload(bool)

仅卸载AssetBundle，不卸载已实例化的对象

AssetBundle assetbundle;//通过加载API加载出来的AssetBundle
assetbundle.Unload(false);

卸载AssetBundle，并且卸载通过该AssetBundle实例化的对象

AssetBundle assetbundle;//通过加载API加载出来的AssetBundle
assetbundle.Unload(true);

知识扩展：

压缩格式的优缺点：
LZMA：高压缩、低性能、高内存、体积最小格式。
LZ4 ：中压缩、高性能、低内存、性价比最高格式。

默认打包压缩的格式为LZMA
BuildPipeline.BuildAssetBundles(ASSETBUNDLEDIRECTORY, BuildAssetBundleOptions.None, BuildTarget.StandaloneWindows);
修改压缩格式为LZ4
BuildPipeline.BuildAssetBundles(ASSETBUNDLEDIRECTORY, BuildAssetBundleOptions.ChunkBasedCompression, BuildTarget.StandaloneWindows);
当然，我们也可以不对AssetBundle进行压缩。没有经过压缩的包体积最大，但是访问速度最快。
BuildPipeline.BuildAssetBundles(ASSETBUNDLEDIRECTORY, BuildAssetBundleOptions.UncompressedAssetBundle, BuildTarget.StandaloneWindows);