x ∼ sin x ∼ tan x ∼ arcsin x ∼ arctan x ∼ ln ( 1 + x ) ∼ e x − 1 x \thicksim \sin x \thicksim \tan x \thicksim \arcsin x \thicksim \arctan x \thicksim \ln(1+x) \thicksim e^x-1 x∼sinx∼tanx∼arcsinx∼arctanx∼ln(1+x)∼ex−1
a x − 1 ∼ x ln a a^x-1 \thicksim x \ln a ax−1∼xlna
( 1 + x ) α − 1 ∼ α x (1+x)^\alpha - 1 \thicksim \alpha x (1+x)α−1∼αx
x − l n ( 1 + x ) ∼ 1 2 x 2 x-ln(1+x) \thicksim \dfrac{1}{2}x^2 x−ln(1+x)∼21x2
1 − cos x ∼ 1 2 x 2 , 1 − c o s k x ∼ k 2 x 2 1-\cos x \thicksim \dfrac{1}{2}x^2,\ 1-cos^k x \thicksim \dfrac{k}{2}x^2 1−cosx∼21x2, 1−coskx∼2kx2
sin x − x ∼ − 1 6 x 3 , arcsin x − x ∼ 1 6 x 3 \sin x - x \thicksim -\dfrac{1}{6}x^3,\ \arcsin x - x \thicksim \dfrac{1}{6}x^3 sinx−x∼−61x3, arcsinx−x∼61x3
tan x − x ∼ 1 3 x 3 , arctan x − x ∼ − 1 3 x 3 \tan x - x \thicksim \dfrac{1}{3}x^3,\ \arctan x - x \thicksim -\dfrac{1}{3}x^3 tanx−x∼31x3, arctanx−x∼−31x3
注: A-B型的等价无穷小,可通过泰勒公式推导出来。推导原则是,“幂次最低”原则,即展开到系数不相等的 x x x 的最低次幂。