文章目录
前言
在之前的文章中，我们已经实现了水体几乎全部的效果。
但是，还有一些细节需要修改，代码可以优化。
在这篇文章中，我们就对水体Shader进行整理优化。
一、优化水的深度
1、我们把 水流动的方向 和 水深浅过渡值，整合到一个四维变量中
_WaterBase(“Direction(XY) Atten(Z) Null(W)”,Vector) = (1,1,1,1)
2、修改 水体流动方向
因为流动是，修改采样时使用的uv,在 顶点着色器 和 片元着色器 中，都有使用。所以，把它放在 v2f 结构体来存储，只需要计算一次。
- 在v2f结构体定义
float2 timeOffset : TEXCOORD6;
- 在顶点着色器计算，由方向值调节的流动
代替原本所有语句中使用到的 _Time.y * _WaterSpeed
o.timeOffset = _Time.y * _WaterSpeed * _WaterBase.xy;
3、在片元着色器中，修改使用过渡变量
half4 waterColor = lerp(_WaterColor1, _WaterColor2, depthWater * _WaterBase.z);
二、优化泡沫
要优化泡沫的话，也是和深度同样的优化方法。只是我这里为了方便调节效果，就不做优化了。
三、优化水下的扭曲
1、修复原本扰动UV的计算
- 这是原本的扭曲采样使用的uv，存在这种不正常的偏移效果
float2 distortUV = lerp(screenUV,normalTex.xy,_Distort);
- 修改直接对屏幕uv乘以扰动值，在加上normalTex的方法实现线性过渡
float2 distortUV = screenUV * _Distort + normalTex.xy;
四、优化水面高光
1、把高光强度、光滑度、高光扭曲值，整合为一个四维变量
_SpecularBase(“Specular : Intensity(X) Smoothness(Y) Distort(Z) Null(W)”,Vector) = (0.6,10,0.5,1)
2、替换计算 高光反射 使用的法线 使用的 扭曲值
half4 N = lerp(half4(i.normalWS, 1), normalize(normalTex), _SpecularBase.z);
3、替换高光反射公式计算时，使用的光滑度
half4 specular = _SpecularColor * _SpecularBase.x * pow(max(0, dot(N.xyz, H)), _SpecularBase.y);
五、优化水的反射
- 使用水下扭曲值，控制水反射法线的过渡值。从而和高光反射使用的法线分离开
half3 normalReflection = lerp(half4(i.normalWS, 1), normalize(normalTex), _Distort).xyz;
六、优化水的焦散
- 水的焦散目前没有什么好优化的，就保持原本的吧。
七、最终优化代码
记着在优化时，编译Shader把所有的警告消除
//水的深度
Shader "MyShader/URP/P4_8"
{
Properties
{
[Header(Base)]
_WaterColor1("WaterColor1",Color) = (1,1,1,1)
_WaterColor2("WaterColor2",Color) = (1,1,1,1)
[PowerSlider(3)]_WaterSpeed("WaterSpeed",Range(0,1)) = 0.1
_WaterBase("Direction(XY) Atten(Z) Null(W)",Vector) = (1,1,1,1)
[Header(Foam)]
_FoamTex("FoamTex",2D) = "white"{}
_FoamColor("FoamColor",Color) = (1,1,1,1)
_FoamRange("FoamRange",Range(0,5)) = 1
_FoamNoise("FoamNoise",Range(0,3)) = 1
[Header(Distort)]
_NormalTex("NormalTex",2D) = "white"{}
[PowerSlider(3)]_Distort("Distort",Range(0,1)) = 0
[Header(Specular)]
_SpecularColor("Specular Color",Color) = (1,1,1,1)
_SpecularBase("Specular : Intensity(X) Smoothness(Y) Distort(Z) Null(W)",Vector) = (0.6,10,0.5,1)
[Header(Reflection)]
_ReflectionTex("ReflectionTex",Cube) = "white"{}
[Header(Caustics)]
_CausticsTex("CausticsTex",2D) = "white"{}
}
SubShader
{
Tags
{
//告诉引擎，该Shader只用于 URP 渲染管线
"RenderPipeline"="UniversalPipeline"
//渲染类型
"RenderType"="Transparent"
//渲染队列
"Queue"="Transparent"
}
//Blend SrcAlpha OneMinusSrcAlpha
ZWrite Off
Pass
{
HLSLPROGRAM
#pragma vertex vert
#pragma fragment frag
// Pragmas
#pragma target 2.0
// Includes
#include "Packages/com.unity.render-pipelines.core/ShaderLibrary/Color.hlsl"
#include "Packages/com.unity.render-pipelines.universal/ShaderLibrary/Core.hlsl"
#include "Packages/com.unity.render-pipelines.universal/ShaderLibrary/Input.hlsl"
#include "Packages/com.unity.render-pipelines.universal/ShaderLibrary/Lighting.hlsl"
CBUFFER_START(UnityPerMaterial)
half4 _WaterColor1;
half4 _WaterColor2;
half _WaterSpeed;
half4 _WaterBase;
half4 _FoamColor;
half _FoamRange;
half _FoamNoise;
half4 _FoamTex_ST;
half _Distort;
half4 _NormalTex_ST;
half4 _SpecularColor;
half4 _SpecularBase;
half4 _CausticsTex_ST;
CBUFFER_END
TEXTURE2D(_CameraDepthTexture);
SAMPLER(sampler_CameraDepthTexture);
TEXTURE2D(_FoamTex);
SAMPLER(sampler_FoamTex);
TEXTURE2D(_CameraOpaqueTexture);
SAMPLER(sampler_CameraOpaqueTexture);
TEXTURE2D(_NormalTex);
SAMPLER(sampler_NormalTex);
TEXTURECUBE(_ReflectionTex);
SAMPLER(sampler_ReflectionTex);
TEXTURE2D(_CausticsTex);
SAMPLER(sampler_CausticsTex);
//struct appdata
//顶点着色器的输入
struct Attributes
{
float3 positionOS : POSITION;
float2 uv : TEXCOORD0;
half3 normalOS : NORMAL;
};
//struct v2f
//片元着色器的输入
struct Varyings
{
float4 positionCS : SV_POSITION;
float2 uv : TEXCOORD0; //foamUV
float4 screenPos : TEXCOORD1;
float3 positionVS : TEXCOORD2;
float3 positionWS : TEXCOORD3;
float3 normalWS : TEXCOORD4;
float4 normalUV : TEXCOORD5;
float2 timeOffset : TEXCOORD6;
};
//v2f vert(Attributes v)
//顶点着色器
Varyings vert(Attributes v)
{
Varyings o = (Varyings)0;
o.positionWS = TransformObjectToWorld(v.positionOS);
o.positionVS = TransformWorldToView(o.positionWS);
o.positionCS = TransformWViewToHClip(o.positionVS);
o.screenPos = ComputeScreenPos(o.positionCS);
//计算得到泡沫纹理采样需要的顶点世界空间下的坐标值的流动效果
o.uv += o.positionWS.xz * _FoamTex_ST.xy + _Time.y * _WaterSpeed;
//计算得到水下扭曲纹理的流动UV
o.timeOffset = _Time.y * _WaterSpeed * _WaterBase.xy;
o.normalUV.xy = TRANSFORM_TEX(v.uv, _NormalTex) + o.timeOffset;
o.normalUV.zw = TRANSFORM_TEX(v.uv, _NormalTex) + o.timeOffset * float2(-1.3, 1.5);
o.normalWS = TransformObjectToWorldNormal(v.normalOS);
return o;
}
//fixed4 frag(v2f i) : SV_TARGET
//片元着色器
half4 frag(Varyings i) : SV_TARGET
{
//1、水的深度
//获取屏幕空间下的 UV 坐标
float2 screenUV = i.positionCS.xy / _ScreenParams.xy;
half depthTex = SAMPLE_TEXTURE2D(_CameraDepthTexture, sampler_CameraDepthTexture, screenUV).x;
//深度图转化到观察空间下
float depthScene = LinearEyeDepth(depthTex, _ZBufferParams);
//获取水面模型顶点在观察空间下的Z值（可以在顶点着色器中，对其直接进行转化得到顶点观察空间下的坐标）
float4 depthWater = depthScene + i.positionVS.z;
//2、水的颜色，线性插值得到水 和 接触物体的水的 颜色的过度
half4 waterColor = lerp(_WaterColor1, _WaterColor2, depthWater * _WaterBase.z);
//3、水面泡沫
//对泡沫纹理进行采样(这里使用顶点世界空间下的坐标进行纹理采样，防止水体缩放影响泡沫的平铺和重复方式)
half4 foamTex = SAMPLE_TEXTURE2D(_FoamTex, sampler_FoamTex, i.uv.xy);
foamTex = pow(abs(foamTex), _FoamNoise);
//这里增加一个调整深度图范围的功能
half4 foamRange = depthWater * _FoamRange;
//使用泡沫纹理 和 泡沫范围 比较得到泡沫遮罩
half4 foamMask = step(foamRange, foamTex);
//给泡沫加上颜色
half4 foamColor = foamMask * _FoamColor;
//4、水下的扭曲
half4 normalTex1 = SAMPLE_TEXTURE2D(_NormalTex, sampler_NormalTex, i.normalUV.xy);
half4 normalTex2 = SAMPLE_TEXTURE2D(_NormalTex, sampler_NormalTex, i.normalUV.zw);
half4 normalTex = normalTex1 * normalTex2;
//float2 distortUV = lerp(screenUV,normalTex.xy,_Distort);
float2 distortUV = screenUV * _Distort + normalTex.xy;
half depthDistortTex = SAMPLE_TEXTURE2D(_CameraDepthTexture, sampler_CameraDepthTexture, distortUV).x;
half depthDistortScene = LinearEyeDepth(depthDistortTex, _ZBufferParams);
half depthDistortWater = depthDistortScene + i.positionVS.z;
float2 opaqueUV = distortUV;
if (depthDistortWater < 0) opaqueUV = screenUV;
half4 opaqueTex = SAMPLE_TEXTURE2D(_CameraOpaqueTexture, sampler_CameraOpaqueTexture, opaqueUV);
//5、水的高光
//Specular = SpecularColor * Ks * pow(max(0,dot(N,H)), Shininess)
Light light = GetMainLight();
half3 L = light.direction;
half3 V = normalize(_WorldSpaceCameraPos.xyz - i.positionWS.xyz);
//修改法线实现，波光粼粼的效果
half4 N = lerp(half4(i.normalWS, 1), normalize(normalTex), _SpecularBase.z);
half3 H = normalize(L + V);
half4 specular = _SpecularColor * _SpecularBase.x * pow(max(0, dot(N.xyz, H)), _SpecularBase.y);
//6、水的反射
half3 normalReflection = lerp(half4(i.normalWS, 1), normalize(normalTex), _Distort).xyz;
half3 reflectionUV = reflect(-V, normalReflection.xyz);
half4 reflectionTex = SAMPLE_TEXTURECUBE(_ReflectionTex, sampler_ReflectionTex, reflectionUV);
half fresnel = 1 - saturate(dot(normalReflection, V));
half4 reflection = reflectionTex * fresnel;
//7、水的焦散
float4 depthVS = 1;
depthVS.xy = i.positionVS.xy * depthDistortScene / -i.positionVS.z;
depthVS.z = depthDistortScene;
float4 depthWS = mul(unity_CameraToWorld, depthVS);
float4 depthOS = mul(unity_WorldToObject, depthWS);
float2 uv1 = depthOS.xz * _CausticsTex_ST.xy + depthWS.y * 0.1 + i.timeOffset;
float2 uv2 = depthOS.xz * _CausticsTex_ST.xy + depthWS.y * 0.1 + i.timeOffset * float2(-1.3, 1.5);
half4 causticsTex1 = SAMPLE_TEXTURE2D(_CausticsTex, sampler_CausticsTex, uv1);
half4 causticsTex2 = SAMPLE_TEXTURE2D(_CausticsTex, sampler_CausticsTex, uv2);
half4 causticsTex = min(causticsTex1, causticsTex2);
half4 col = (foamColor + waterColor) * opaqueTex + (specular * reflection) + causticsTex;
return col;
}
ENDHLSL
}
}
FallBack "Hidden/Shader Graph/FallbackError"
}
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