微软研究院的人在一篇文章中提到,他们使用了提前生成的素描纹理来实现实时的素描风格渲染,这些纹理组成了一个色调艺术映射。如下图,从左到右纹理中的笔触逐渐增多,用于模拟不同光照下的漫反射效果,从上到下则对应了每张纹理的多级渐远纹理(mipmaps)。这些多级渐远文理的生成并不是简单的对上一层纹理进行降采样,而是需要保持笔触之间的间隔,以便更真实的模拟素描效果。
这本文中,不考虑多级渐远文理的生成,而直接使用6张素描纹理进行渲染。在渲染阶段,我们首先在顶点着色阶段计算逐顶点的光照,根据光照结果来决定6张纹理的混合权重,并传递给片元着色器。然后,在片元着色器中根据这些权重,并传递给片元着色器。然后,在片元着色器中根据这些权重来混合6张纹理的采样结果。
Shader代码:
Shader "Unlit/Hatching"
{
Properties {
//控制模型颜色的属性。
_Color ("Color Tint", Color) = (1, 1, 1, 1)
//纹理的平铺系数,越大,模型上素描线条越密。
_TileFactor ("Tile Factor", Float) = 1
_Outline ("Outline", Range(0, 1)) = 0.1
//素描纹理
_Hatch0 ("Hatch 0", 2D) = "white" {}
_Hatch1 ("Hatch 1", 2D) = "white" {}
_Hatch2 ("Hatch 2", 2D) = "white" {}
_Hatch3 ("Hatch 3", 2D) = "white" {}
_Hatch4 ("Hatch 4", 2D) = "white" {}
_Hatch5 ("Hatch 5", 2D) = "white" {}
}
SubShader {
Tags { "RenderType"="Opaque" "Queue"="Geometry"}
UsePass "Unlit/ToonShadingMat/OUTLINE"
Pass {
Tags { "LightMode"="ForwardBase" }
CGPROGRAM
#pragma vertex vert
#pragma fragment frag
#pragma multi_compile_fwdbase
#include "UnityCG.cginc"
#include "Lighting.cginc"
#include "AutoLight.cginc"
#include "UnityShaderVariables.cginc"
fixed4 _Color;
float _TileFactor;
sampler2D _Hatch0;
sampler2D _Hatch1;
sampler2D _Hatch2;
sampler2D _Hatch3;
sampler2D _Hatch4;
sampler2D _Hatch5;
struct a2v {
float4 vertex : POSITION;
float4 tangent : TANGENT;
float3 normal : NORMAL;
float2 texcoord : TEXCOORD0;
};
struct v2f {
float4 pos : SV_POSITION;
float2 uv : TEXCOORD0;
fixed3 hatchWeights0 : TEXCOORD1;
fixed3 hatchWeights1 : TEXCOORD2;
float3 worldPos : TEXCOORD3;
SHADOW_COORDS(4)
};
//首先对顶点进行了基本的坐标变换。然后,使用_TileFactor得到了纹理采样坐标。在计算6张纹理的混合权重之前,我们首先需要计算逐顶点光照。因此,使用世界空间下的光照方向和法线方向得到漫反射系数diff。之后,我们把权重值初始化为0,并把diff缩放到[0,7]范围,得到hatchFactor。我们把[0,7]的去见均匀划分为7个子区间,通过判断hatchFactor所处的子区间来计算对应的纹理混合权重。最后,计算了顶点的世界坐标,并使用TRANSFER_SHADOW宏来计算阴影纹理的采样坐标。
v2f vert(a2v v) {
v2f o;
o.pos = mul(UNITY_MATRIX_MVP, v.vertex);
o.uv = v.texcoord.xy * _TileFactor;
fixed3 worldLightDir = normalize(WorldSpaceLightDir(v.vertex));
fixed3 worldNormal = UnityObjectToWorldNormal(v.normal);
fixed diff = max(0, dot(worldLightDir, worldNormal));
o.hatchWeights0 = fixed3(0, 0, 0);
o.hatchWeights1 = fixed3(0, 0, 0);
float hatchFactor = diff * 7.0;
if (hatchFactor > 6.0) {
// Pure white, do nothing
} else if (hatchFactor > 5.0) {
o.hatchWeights0.x = hatchFactor - 5.0;
} else if (hatchFactor > 4.0) {
o.hatchWeights0.x = hatchFactor - 4.0;
o.hatchWeights0.y = 1.0 - o.hatchWeights0.x;
} else if (hatchFactor > 3.0) {
o.hatchWeights0.y = hatchFactor - 3.0;
o.hatchWeights0.z = 1.0 - o.hatchWeights0.y;
} else if (hatchFactor > 2.0) {
o.hatchWeights0.z = hatchFactor - 2.0;
o.hatchWeights1.x = 1.0 - o.hatchWeights0.z;
} else if (hatchFactor > 1.0) {
o.hatchWeights1.x = hatchFactor - 1.0;
o.hatchWeights1.y = 1.0 - o.hatchWeights1.x;
} else {
o.hatchWeights1.y = hatchFactor;
o.hatchWeights1.z = 1.0 - o.hatchWeights1.y;
}
o.worldPos = mul(_Object2World, v.vertex).xyz;
TRANSFER_SHADOW(o);
return o;
}
//得到了6张纹理的混合权重后,我们对每张纹理进行采样并和他们对应的权重值相乘得到每张纹理的采样颜色。还计算了纯白在渲染中的贡献度,这是通过从1中减去所有6张纹理的权重来得到的。这是因为素描中往往有留白的部分,因为我们希望在最后的渲染中光照最亮的部分是纯白色的。最后,我们混合了各个颜色值,并和阴影值atte、模型颜色_Color相乘后返回最终的渲染结果。
fixed4 frag(v2f i) : SV_Target {
fixed4 hatchTex0 = tex2D(_Hatch0, i.uv) * i.hatchWeights0.x;
fixed4 hatchTex1 = tex2D(_Hatch1, i.uv) * i.hatchWeights0.y;
fixed4 hatchTex2 = tex2D(_Hatch2, i.uv) * i.hatchWeights0.z;
fixed4 hatchTex3 = tex2D(_Hatch3, i.uv) * i.hatchWeights1.x;
fixed4 hatchTex4 = tex2D(_Hatch4, i.uv) * i.hatchWeights1.y;
fixed4 hatchTex5 = tex2D(_Hatch5, i.uv) * i.hatchWeights1.z;
fixed4 whiteColor = fixed4(1, 1, 1, 1) * (1 - i.hatchWeights0.x - i.hatchWeights0.y - i.hatchWeights0.z -
i.hatchWeights1.x - i.hatchWeights1.y - i.hatchWeights1.z);
fixed4 hatchColor = hatchTex0 + hatchTex1 + hatchTex2 + hatchTex3 + hatchTex4 + hatchTex5 + whiteColor;
UNITY_LIGHT_ATTENUATION(atten, i, i.worldPos);
return fixed4(hatchColor.rgb * _Color.rgb * atten, 1.0);
}
ENDCG
}
}
}