2022 年 12 月大学英语四级考试真题（第 2 套）——解析版

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2022 年 12 月大学英语四级考试真题（第 2 套）

PartI Writing ( 30 minutes)

Directions: In this task, you are to write an essay on the importance of developing a healthy lifestyle among college students. You will have 30 minutes for the task. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

Part II Listening Comprehension ( 25 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will bespoken only once. After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B,C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a singles line through the centre.

Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.

  (1) The World Pipe Band Championships will take place in Glasgow on Saturday.
  Over 120 of the world’s best pipe bands will compete at the championships.Over 4,000 pipers and drummers are expected to descend on the city for the annual event.
  It will take place at the St.James Playing Fields in Glasgow on Saturday,18 May from 10:00 am until 7:00 pm.The event is free.Also,a free shuttle bus will run between the event car parks and the competition site.Shuttle buses will run every 15 minutes from 8:00 am until 8:00 pm.
  (2) Glasgow City Council says it is estimated to bring f300,000 to the local economy.
  The first World Pipe Band Championships were held in Edinburgh in 1947.The event first took place in Glasgow in 1948.It has been held regularly in Glasgow since 1986.

2022-12-02-01.—开头第一句—原词复现两个“pipe band”

1. A. A free car show.
   B. A yearly concert.
   C. A sports competition.
   D. A pipe band contest.

1. A.免费车展。
B.每年一次的音乐会。
C.体育比赛。
D.管乐队比赛。

1.What event will take place in Glasgow?
格拉斯哥会有什么活动？
D【精析】事实细节题。新闻开头指出，世界风笛乐队锦标赛将于周六在格拉斯哥举行。因此，答案为D。

2022-12-02-02.—结尾第四句—原词复现两个“local economy”

2. A. Improve the image of Glasgow city.
   B. Enrich the local culture of Glasgow.
   C. Contribute a lot to the local economy.
   D. Entertain people in local communities.

2. A.改善格拉斯哥城市形象。
B.丰富格拉斯哥当地文化。
C.对当地经济有很大贡献。
D.招待当地社区的人们。

2.What does Glasgow City Council say the event will do?格拉斯哥市议会说这次活动有什么作用？
C【精析】细节推断题。新闻中提到，格拉斯哥市议会表示，预计此次世界风笛乐队锦标赛将为当地经济带来30万英镑的收入。由此推测，本次活动将会对当地经济有很大贡献。因此，答案为C。

Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.

  (3) Summer doesn’t begin for two more days,but scientists are already sounding the alarm about dangerous ice melts going on right now in Greenland.
  The vast island usually locks away enough fresh water in its ice sheet,which if melted can raise global sea levels by six meters.And research shows that in recent years its ice has melted faster than ever before.This month,as temperatures in northwestern Greenland approach all-time highs,researchers are encountering unusual,surprising levels of melting ice in the region.
  The most significant concern here is how early this is all happening.Greenland experiences annual ice melt and growth cycles.(4)But this year,the melting season began in early May.That’s a month earlier than normal and something that’s happened only once before in the historical record in 2016.
  That means that not only is the ice melting very fast,it has more time to melt thissummer than it would in a normal climate system.Longer melt seasons like this one seem to lead to much greater contributions to sea- level rise than in previous decades.

2022-12-02-03.—开头第一句—原词复现全部，但是在原文是分开的

3. A. Surprising rise in global sea levels.
   B. Dangerous ice melts in Greenland.
   C. Changing weather patterns in summer.
   D. Record growth of Greenland’s ice sheets.

3. A.全球海平面惊人上升。
B.危险的冰在格陵兰岛融化。
C.夏季天气模式的变化。
D.格陵兰冰盖的创纪录增长。

3.What is scientists’warning in the news report?科学家在新闻报道中的警告是什么？
B【精析】事实细节题。新闻开头指出，还有两天才到夏天，但科学家们已经对格陵兰岛正在发生的危险的冰盖融化发出了警告。因此，答案为B。

2022-12-02-04.—结尾第三句—没有原词复现，定位也难

4. A. It began in late May.
   B. It lasted three months.
   C. It started a month earlier than usual.
   D. It ended a month earlier than before.

4. A.它始于5月底。
B.持续了三个月。
C.它比平常早一个月开始。
D.它比以前提前了一个月结束。

4.What do we learn about this year’s ice melting season in Greenland?
关于今年格陵兰岛的融冰季节，我们了解到了什么？
C【精析】事实细节题。新闻中提到，格陵兰岛每年都会经历冰盖融化和生长周期，但是今年的融冰季节开始于五月初，比正常情况早了一个月，这样的事情之前只在2016年发生过一次。因此，答案为C。

Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.

  (5) Bundles containing thousands of pounds in cash keep turning up on the streets of Blackhall Colliery in northern England,according to police.Residents of the village have been coming across bundles of f20 notes—usually worth f2,000—in the former mining village in County Durham.
  The latest discovery was on Monday,meaning four of these cash bundles have been handed in this year and 13 since 2014.
  The bundles are usually left in plain sight and have been scattered across the small coastal village.(6)The owner has two weeks to collect the cash,which is then returned to the finder if not claimed,according to Peterlee Police.
  A Durham Police spokesperson said the money has been returned to the lucky finders in all cases except yesterday.
  Policeman John Forster said in a statement:“The circumstances remain a mystery so we would welcome any information that will help us get to the bottom of these random incidents."
  He told The Northern Echo:“(7)It isn’t an affluent part of the world,so for them to find cash of tha amount and instantly think about taking it to the police stations shows the community spirit there is."

2022-12-02-05.—定位第一句—原词复现三个

5. A. Bundles of £20 notes kept turning up.
   B. A villager was searching for his lost cash.
   C. Local policemen came across bundles of £20 notes.
   D. A bundle containing thousands of pounds got stolen.

5. A.成捆的20英镑钞票不断出现。
B.一个村民正在寻找他丢失的现金。
C.当地警察发现了成捆的20英镑钞票。
D.一个装有数千英镑的包裹被偷了。

5.What happened on the streets of Blackhall Colliery?
布莱克霍尔煤矿的街道上发生了什么？
A【精析】细节推断题。新闻开头提到，英格兰北部布莱克霍尔煤矿村的街道上不断出现成捆的数千英镑现金。该地村民经常偶然发现成捆的面值20英镑的现金，通常价值2,000英镑。因此，答案为A。

2022-12-02-06.—定位难，中间—原词复现五个“return it to the finder”

6. A. They give it to charity.
   B. They return it to the finder.
   C. They hand it over to the local government.
   D. They place a notice in The Northern Echo.

6. A.捐给慈善机构。
B.他们把它还给捡到的人。
C.他们将其移交给当地政府。
D.他们在《北方回声报》上登了一则通知。

6.What do the local police do with the money if not claimed in two weeks?
如果两周内没有人认领这笔钱，当地警方会怎么处理？
B【精析】事实细节题。新闻中提到，根据彼得利警方的说法，失主有两周的时间来领取现金，如果没人领取，这些现金就会退还给发现者。因此，答案为B。

2022-12-02-07.—结尾第一句—原词复现两个“community spirit”

7. A. They cooperated well with the police.
   B. They enjoyed a fairly affluent life.
   C. They were puzzled by the mystery.
   D. They had a strong community spirit.

7. A.他们与警方合作得很好。
B.他们过着相当富裕的生活。
C.他们被这个谜所迷惑。
D.他们有很强的社区精神。

7.What did the policeman John Forster say about the villagers?
关于村民，警察约翰·福斯特说了些什么？
D【精析】事实细节题。新闻末尾提到，警察约翰 ·福斯特告诉《北方回声报》，这里不是世界上富裕的地区，所以对于这里的居民来说，捡到如此大额的现金并立即将其交到警察局足以体现这里有社区精神。因此，答案为D。

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will heartwo long conversations. At the end ofeach conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A,B,C. and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

W：It’s your birthday next week.What have you got planned?
M：I’m not sure.(8)I often feel strange on my birthday.It’s like my brain decides to have a crisis.
W：It’s not entirely unusual to feel anxious or sad around your birthday.Birthdays can tap into a lot of things people worry about,including their achievements in life in the past decade,or their accomplishments of the past year.(9)Many begin to search for the meaning of their existence,leading to behaviors such as ending or starting a relationship,or plans,like starting a vigorous diet or fitness program.
M：(10) I have wonderful friends and I love celebrating their birthdays.But I don’t like being the center of attention,receiving gifts and having a fuss made.It seems to trigger a type of social anxiety.I think social media too can intensify things as birthdays now play out more publicly.Birthday reminders can be helpful,but I kind of worry I won’t be able to drum up my own day and show it to look as exciting as it is supposed to be.
W：Well,to deal with the birthday blues,you should not isolate yourself.It’s best to gradually face your birthday with people you trust.That would help you learn self-acceptance,or that it’s okay to be the focus.
M：Perhaps.Or I could perceive my birthday as an opportunity to do something for others like asking people to make a donation instead of buying a gift.
W：Exactly.(11) Or even simply see your birthday as an opportunity to bring people together for them to have fun.

2022-12-02-08.

8. A. Excited.
   B. Delighted.
   C. Indifferent.
   D. Strange.

8. A.兴奋。
B.很高兴。
C.冷漠。
D.奇怪。

8.How does the man often feel on his birthday?
D【精析】事实细节题。对话开头，女士提到下周是男士的生日，并询问他有什么计划，男士说自己经常在生日那天感到奇怪，就像大脑出现了危机。因此，答案为D。

2022-12-02-09.

9. A. Search for the meaning of their life.
   B. Look back on their years at school.
   C. Call on their relatives and friends.
   D. Talk about future plans with friends.

9. A.寻找生命的意义。
B.回顾他们在学校的日子。
C.拜访他们的亲戚朋友。
D.和朋友谈论未来的计划。

9.What does the woman say many people tend to do on their birthday?
A【精析】事实细节题。谈到人们过生日时的心情，女士说生日会让人们想起很多担忧的事情，比如过去十年或过去一年的成就，许多人开始寻找自己存在的意义，从而导致诸如结束或开始一段关系等行为，或者制订诸如开始积极饮食或健身等的计划。 因此，答案为A。

2022-12-02-10.

10. A. He prefers to have them shown on social media.
    B. He loves them but does not want to make a fuss.
    C. He enjoys celebrating others’ birthdays rather than his own.
    D. He looks forward to receiving presents from his close friends.

10. A.他更喜欢在社交媒体上展示。
B.他爱他们，但不想大惊小怪。
C.他喜欢庆祝别人的生日，而不喜欢自己的生日。
D.他期待收到好友的礼物。

10.What does the man say about birthday celebrations?

C【精析】事实细节题。在谈到庆祝生日时，男士说自己喜欢为朋友庆祝生日，但不喜欢成为被关注的焦点，不喜欢接受礼物，不喜欢大惊小怪。因此，答案为C。

2022-12-02-11.

11. A. Hold it on a modest scale to remove birthday anxieties.
    B. View it as a chance for people to socialize and have fun.
    C. Extend invitation to those he trusts most.
    D. Make it an occasion to collect donations.

11. A.保持适度，以消除生日焦虑。
B.把它看作是人们社交和娱乐的机会。
C.邀请他最信任的人。
D.让它成为一个募集捐款的机会。

11.What does the woman suggest the man do about his birthday celebration at the end of the conversation?
B【精析】事实细节题。对话末尾，女士建议男士甚至可以简单地把自己的生日看作是一个让人们聚在一起玩的机会。因此，答案为B。

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

W：The metro was absolutely terrible this morning.
M：Oh,was there a delay?
W：(12) No,but the train was so packed that I could barely move,and it was difficult to breathe too.At every station,more people squeezed in and I got pushed further and further inside.When I got to my station,I could hardly get out.Once I did get out,I was totally exhausted.
M：That sounds like a nightmare.Why didn’t you take the bus?
W：The bus takes twice as long and it’s just as crowded.
M：Well,what’s the alternative?(13-1)Haven’t you got a car?
W：(13-2) I’ve got a driver’s license,but that’s all.I’m saving up to buy something reasonably small and cute,but it’s still a bit expensive for me,and it’l take a while before I have enough money.
M：(14-1) Have you thought about getting an electric motorbike?
W：(14-2) I consider that for maybe a minute.But honestly,I’ve just seen too many horrible accidents involving those dangerous monsters.
M：What about those popular shared bikes?You could register to use one.
W：Yeah,that’s a possibility.There are always several of those bikes out in front of our apartment complex.
M：Or you could just walk to work.
W：Well,it’s five kilometers from home to the office.But you’ve given me a thought.I could take a change of clothes and jog to work.But at this time of year,the air pollution is a real problem.
M：Oh,yeah.I didn’t think of that.You take a taxi if you really have to.
W：Well,that’s an expensive way to get to work.
M：(15-1)Not if you use a ride sharing app.
W：(15-2) Good idea.I’ll download one immediately. Thank you.

2022-12-02-12.

12. A. It was absolutely exhausting.
    B. There was a terrible smell.
    C. There was too long a delay.
    D. She got offat the wrong station.

12. A.真的很累。
B.有一股难闻的气味。
C.延误太久。
D.她下错站了。

12.What does the woman say about her subway ride?
A【精析】事实细节题。对话开头，女士抱怨今天早上的地铁非常糟糕，地铁太拥挤了，她几乎动弹不得，呼吸也很困难，每到一站会有更多的人挤进来，当她到站时，她几乎无法下车，一出了地铁，就感到筋疲力尽。因此，答案为A。

2022-12-02-13.

13. A. She hasn’t saved enough money.
    B. She is worried about traffic jams.
    C. She hasn’t passed the driving test yet.
    D. She is used to taking public transport.

13. A.她没有存够钱。
B.她担心交通堵塞。
C.她还没有通过驾驶考试。
D.她习惯乘坐公共交通工具。

13.Why hasn’t the woman got her own car?
A【精析】细节推断题。对话中，男士得知女士乘坐的公共交通工具非常拥挤后，询问女士是否有车。女士说自己虽有驾照，但自己攒的钱只够买一些小的东西，对她来说汽车还是有点贵，需要一段时间才能攒够钱买。由此可知，女士现在没有足够的钱买车。因此，答案为A。

2022-12-02-14.

14. A. They are popular.
    B. They are dangerous.
    C. They are a bit expensive for her.
    D. They are environmentally friendly.

14. A.它们很受欢迎。
B.他们很危险。
C.它们对她来说有点贵。
D.它们是环保的。

14.What does the woman say about electric motorbikes?
B【精析】细节推断题。男士询问女士是否想过买一辆电动摩托车，女士说虽然想过，但看到了太多有关那些危险怪物的可怕事故。这里的危险怪物指代电动摩托车，由此可知，女士认为电动摩托车很危险。因此，答案为B。

2022-12-02-15.

15. A. By bus.
    B. By jogging.
    C. By renting a bike.
    D. By sharing a ride.

15. A.乘公共汽车。
B.通过慢跑。
C.租一辆自行车。
D.拼车。

15.How was the woman going to get to work?
D【精析】细节推断题。对话中，女士认为打车上班昂贵，男士建议她使用拼车程序，那就能解决费用昂贵的问题，女士表示赞同。由此可知，女士会选择拼车上班。因此，答案为D。

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will bespoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B,C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.

16. A. He is a sign language interpreter.
    B. He is a deafperson working in IT.
    C. He doesn’t like speaking at meetings.
    D. He doesn’t use email or text messages.

17. A. Improved communication skills.
    B. Speech recognition technology.
    C. Big advances in sign language.
    D. Transformation in the IT industry.

18. A. He can avoid being mistaken.
    B. He can take notes on the spot.
    C. He can understand with ease.
    D. He can see the speakers’ images.

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.

19. A. To find pure white walls shining.
    B. To enter a house well looked after.
    C. To get a hug from family members.
    D. To see cheerful colours all around.

20. A. Choosing a colour because it is fashionable.
    B. Painting the interior of their cupboards.
    C. Doing the painting job all by themselves.
    D. Designing all window frames the same way.

21. A. Fit most of the cupboards into walls.
    B. Hang landscape paintings all around.
    C. Match the room’s ceiling with all the furniture in colour.
    D. Paint the wooden frameworks and walls the same colour.

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

22. A. Children must read at least 3 times a week.
    B. Reading is a habit every child can develop.
    C. Reading to their children is important.
    D. Children should start reading at age 3.

23. A. The number of books they have read by age four.
    B. The speed of their brain development in infancy.
    C. The number and quality of books parents read to them in infancy.
    D. The quality and quantity of time parents spend playing with them.

24. A. Books with specifically labeled images.
    B. Books with pictures of dolls and toys.
    C. Books describing the lives of animals.
    D. Books telling very interesting stories.

25. A. Read as many books as possible to their children.
    B. Choose carefully what to read to their children.
    C. Share experience with other parents.
    D. Create picture books for their children.

Part III Reading Comprehension ( 40 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list ofchoices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
  Parenting brings fathers more joy than it does mothers, according to a new study. The research examined three studies 26 more than 18,000 participants. Across all three, parenthood was 27 with more positive wellbeing outcomes for dads than for mums.
  So why are fathers happier than mothers? “Fathers may fare better than mothers in part due to how they spend time with their children,” said lead author Katherine Nelson-Coffey. In one study, the authors 28 that dads were more likely to take “playing” as an 29 activity both when caring for their kids and spending time with their kids. “Playing with their children likely offers parents opportunities to experience positive feelings and 30 closeness with their children,” they say.
  Fathers also did better than men without kids, reporting greater happiness, life satisfaction, and fewer 31 symptoms. They also reported greater connectedness and autonomy (自主). For mums, 32 , compared to women without children, the results weren’t quite as positive. Mums reported greater autonomy, but also “greater trouble” and fewer positive 33 .
  Mums reported happier moods while interacting with their kids, compared to other experiences, but not while engaging 34 in childcare. “This difference suggests that how mothers and fathers spend time with their children might have important 35 for their wellbeing,” the authors write. They suspect that mums may be less happy than dads because they’re more likely to have higher expectations about parenthood. As such, they’re more likely to be “letdown” by the experience.

A. additional
B. associated
C. composing
D. cultivate
E. depressive
F. directly
G. emotions
H. however
I. implications
J. interfered
K. involving
L. note
M. precisely
N. superficial
O. therefore

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read apassage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

Learning to say no

A. Not doing something will always be faster than doing it. This philosophy applies in many areas of life. For example, there is no meeting that goes faster than not having a meeting at all. This is not to say you should never attend another meeting, but the truth is that we say “yes” to too many things we don’t actually want to do.

B. How often do people ask you to do something and you just reply, “Sure.” Three days later, you’re overwhelmed by how much is on your to-do list. We become frustrated by our obligations even though we were the ones who said “yes” to them in the first place. Even worse, people will occasionally fight to do things that waste time. You don’t have to do something just because it exists. It’s worth asking if things are necessary. Many of them are not, and a simple “no” will be more productive than whatever work the most efficient person can cope with. But if the benefits of saying “no” are so obvious, then why do we say “yes” so often?

C. We say “yes” to many requests not because we want to do them, but because we don’t want to be seen as rude or unhelpful. Often, we have to consider saying “no” to someone we will interact with again in the future — our co-worker, our spouse, our family and friends. Saying “no” to our superiors at work can be particularly difficult. In these situations, I like the approach recommended in Essentialism by Greg McKeown. He writes, "Remind your superiors what you would be neglecting if you said ‘yes’ and force them to deal with the trade-off. For example, ifyour manager comes to you and asks you to do X, you can respond with ‘Yes, I’m happy to make this the priority. Which of these other projects should Ideprioritize to pay attention to this new project?’ "

D. Collaborating with others is an important element of life. The thought of straining the relationship outweighs the commitment of our time and energy. For this reason, it can be helpful to be gracious in your response. Do whatever favors you can, and be warm-hearted and direct when you have to say no. But even after we have accounted for these social considerations, many of us still seem to do a poor job of managing the trade-off between yes and no. We find ourselves over-committed to things that don’t meaningfully improve or support those around us, and certainly don’t improve our own lives.

E. Perhaps one issue is how we think about the meaning ofyes and no. The words “yes” and “no” get so often used in comparison with each other that it feels like they carry equal weight in conversation. In reality, they’re not just opposite in meaning, but of entirely different magnitudes in commitment. When you say “no”, you’re only saying “no” to one option. When you say “yes”, you’re saying “no” to every other option. I like how economist Tim Harford put it, “Every time we say ‘yes’ to a request, we’re also saying ‘no’ to anything else we might accomplish with the time.” Once you’re committed to something, you’ve already decided how that future block of time will be spent. In other words, saying “no” saves you time in the future. Saying “yes” costs you time in the future. “No” is a form of time credit. You retain the ability to spend your future time however you want. “Yes” is a form of time debt. You have to pay back your commitment at some point.

F. “No” is a decision. “Yes” is a responsibility. Saying “no” is sometimes seen as a luxury that only those in power can afford. And it’s true: turning down opportunities is easier when you can fallback on the safety net provided by power, money, and authority. But it’s also true that saying “no” is not merely a privilege reserved for the successful. It’s also a strategy that can help you become successful. Saying “no” is an important skill to develop at any stage ofyour career because it retains the most important asset in life: your time. As investor Pedro Sorrentino put it, “If you don’t guard your time, people will steal it from you.” You need to say “no” to whatever isn’t leading you toward your goals.

G. Nobody embodied this idea better than Steve Jobs, who said, “People think focus means saying ‘yes’ to the thing you’ve got to focus on. But that’s not what it means at all. It means saying ‘no’ to the hundred other good ideas that there are. You have to pick carefully.” Jobs had another great quote about saying “no”: “I’m actually as proud of the things we haven’t done as the things I have done. Innovation is saying ‘no’ to 1,000 things.”

H. Over time, as you continue to improve and succeed, your strategy needs to change. The opportunity cost of your time increases as you become more successful. At first, you just eliminate the obvious distractions and explore the rest. As your skills improve and you learn to separate what works from what doesn’t, you have to continually increase your threshold for saying “yes”. You still need to say “no” to distractions, but you also need to learn to say “no” to opportunities that were previously good uses of time, so you can make space for better uses of time. It’s a good problem to have, but it can be a tough skill to master.

I. What is true about health is also true about productivity: an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure. More effort is wasted doing things that don’t matter than is wasted doing things inefficiently. And if that is the case, elimination is a more useful skill than optimization. I’m reminded of the famous Peter Drucker quote, “There is nothing so useless as doing efficiently that which should not be done at all.”

36. People often grant a request just because they want to appear polite and helpful.
37. It’s no easyjob learning to say “no” to opportunities that were once considered worth grasping.
38. When you decline a request, you are saving your future time.
39. People sometimes struggle to do things that are simply a waste of time.
40. Doing efficiently what is not worth doing is the most useless effort.
41. It is especially difficult for people to decline to do what their superiors ask them to do.
42. People agree to do too manythings they are in fact unwilling to do.
43. According to one famous entrepreneur, innovation means refusal to do an enormous number of things.
44. It is an essential aspect of life to cooperate with other people.
45. Refusing a request is sometimes seen as a privilege not enjoyed by ordinary people.

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

  We’re eating more fish than ever these days. At around 20 kilograms per person global fish consumption is now more than twice what it was in the 1960s. What’s really remarkable, though, is where that fish comes from.
  For the first time in human history, most of our aquatic (水产的) food now comes from farming rather than fishing.
  People ate around 73 million tonnes of farmed fish — just more than half of the volume of fish that humans consumed — in 2014. That’s out of a total fish supply of 167 million tonnes; the remaining 20 million or so tonnes go into things like animal feed and medical products.
  To keep eating fish at the current rate, we’re definitely going to need to keep aquaculture (水产养殖) developing. That’s because the volume of fish caught in the wild has leveled off since the 1990s.
  Back in 1974, only 10% of marine fish stocks had been overfished. Now, more than three-tenths are. Only a tenth of our oceans’ fish stocks could sustain heavier fishing than current levels.
  But while catchings at sea have suffered, fish-farming has been growing at a fast rate. A lot of that is coming from China, which produces 60% of the world’s farmed fish. In fact, some 35 countries, including China, now produce more farmed than wild-caught fish.
  This shift toward aquaculture isn’t just good for ensuring salmon (三文鱼) on your plate; it’s also crucial to ensuring food security and sustainability. By 2050, the world will need to feed an estimated 9.7 billion people. They’ll have to get their protein somewhere. However, raising cattle, pigs, and other land- based animals requires vast sums of grain and water. For example, pound for pound, beef requires 15 times more feed to raise than carp, a freshwater fish farmed all over Asia. That grain — and the water needed to grow it — could be consumed by people instead.
  However, aquaculture is no silver bullet. In some southeast Asian countries, shrimp farming does disastrous damage to marine ecosystems. Despite these problems, however, shrimp continues to be among the most popular seafoods worldwide.

2022-12-02-46.—细节辨认题—出现特殊词rahter而不是，rather前面更重要

46. What does the author say is remarkable about the fish we eat?【原文：What’s really remarkable, though, is where that fish comes from.
      For the first time in human history, most of our aquatic (水产的) food now comes from farming rather than fishing.】
    A. They reproduce quickly.
    B. They are mostly farmed.
    C. They have become as important as grain.
    D. They have a longer history than humans.

47. 作者说我们吃的鱼有什么值得注意的？
A.它们繁殖得很快。
B.它们大多是养殖的。
C.它们已经变得和谷物一样重要。
D.他们比人类有更长的历史。

46.【定位】由题干中的 remarkable about the fish we eat 定位到第一段最后一句和第二段。

B【 精析】细节辨认题。第一段最后一句提到，真正值得注意的是这些鱼的来源。第二段接着指出，我们大部分的水产食物来自养殖而非捕捞。由此可知，我们吃的大部分的鱼是养殖的，故答案为 B。

【避错】文中没有提到鱼的繁殖速度、鱼的重要性和鱼的历史，故排除A、C和 D。

2022-12-02-47.—推理判断题—keep aquaculture (水产养殖) developing推理出Expand the scale of fish-farming continuously

47. What do we need to do if we keep consuming fish at the current rate?【原文：To keep eating fish at the current rate, we’re definitely going to need to keep aquaculture (水产养殖) developing. 】
    A. Increase the fishing volume considerably.
    B. Develop more advanced fishing technology.
    C. Enlarge the marine fish stocks effectively.
    D. Expand the scale of fish-farming continuously.

47. 如果我们继续以目前的速度吃鱼，我们需要做些什么？
A.大幅度增加捕鱼量。
B.发展更先进的捕鱼技术。
C.有效扩大海洋鱼类资源。
D.不断扩大养鱼规模。

47.【定位】由题干中的 keep consuming fish at the current rate定位到第四段第一句。

D【精析】推理判断题。定位句提到，为了保证鱼肉摄入量一直处于现如今的水平，我们肯定需要让水产养殖业不断发展。通过推断可知，让水产养殖业不断发展的举措肯定包括扩大养殖规模，故答案为D。

【避错】A 和 B 都是与捕捞相关的措施，与文章意思不符，均可排除。文中并未提及要扩大海洋鱼类数量，故排除C。

2022-12-02-48.—细节辨认题—同义替换—produce more farmed than wild-caught替换为raises more….than caught from the wild。

48. What does the author say about China in terms of aquatic food?【原文：But while catchings at sea have suffered, fish-farming has been growing at a fast rate. A lot of that is coming from China, which produces 60% of the world’s farmed fish. In fact, some 35 countries, including China, now produce more farmed than wild-caught fish.】
    A. It places increasing emphasis on fishing now.
    B. It boasts of the world’s largest fishing stocks.
    C. It raises more fish than caught from the wild.
    D. It supplies 60% of the world’s fish products.

48. 关于中国的水产食品，作者说了些什么？
A.它现在越来越重视捕鱼。
B.它拥有世界上最大的渔业资源。
C.养殖的鱼比从野外捕捞的鱼多。
D.它提供了世界上60%的鱼产品。

48.【定位】由题干中的 China 和 aquatic food定位到第六段最后一句。

C 【 精析】细节辨认题。定位句指出，事实上，包括中国在内的约35个国家，现如今的养殖鱼产量超过了野生捕捞量。

C 选项中的 raises more….than caught from the wild 对应定位句中的 produce more farmed than wild-caught，故答案为C。

【避错】本文主要介绍养殖渔业的必要性，A 与全文大意不符，故排除。文中并未提及中国自称拥 有世界最多的渔业资源，故排除B。 第六段第二句提到，中国的养殖鱼产量占全球的60%。这并不代表中国提供了世界上60%的鱼肉产品，二者 意思不同，不能混为一谈，故排除D。

2022-12-02-49.—推理判断题—难

49. Why does the author say aquaculture is so important these days?【原文：This shift toward aquaculture isn’t just good for ensuring salmon (三文鱼) on your plate; it’s also crucial to ensuring food security and sustainability. By 2050, the world will need to feed an estimated 9.7 billion people. They’ll have to get their protein somewhere. However, raising cattle, pigs, and other land- based animals requires vast sums of grain and water. For example, pound for pound, beef requires 15 times more feed to raise than carp, a freshwater fish farmed all over Asia. That grain — and the water needed to grow it — could be consumed by people instead.】
    A. It is a must for feeding the world’s fast-growing population.
    B. It proves a reliable source of protein for humans and animals.
    C. It is essential to maintaining both mental and physical health.
    D. It ensures a balanced healthy diet for people the world over.

49. 为什么作者说水产养殖在当今如此重要？
A.它是养活世界上快速增长的人口的必需品。
B.它被证明是人类和动物蛋白质的可靠来源。
C.它对保持身心健康都很重要。
D.它保证了全世界人民均衡健康的饮食。

49.【定位】由题干中的aquaculture is so important 定位到倒数第二段。

A【 精析】推理判断题。定位段提到，这种向水产养殖的转变对于确保食品安全性和可持续性至关重要。到2050年，全球将需要养活大约97亿人。他们需要从某些地方获取蛋白质。随后用牛和鲤鱼的例子来说明，养鱼比养牛更划算。结合段落大意可以推断出，发展水产养殖对于养活迅速增长的人口更有利，故答案为 A。

【避错】倒数第二段中只提及了人类生存需要蛋白质，并没有提到动物，故排除B。文中没有提到水产养殖对于保持身心健康的影响，故排除C。文中也没有提及水产养殖确保了人类饮食的平衡健康，故排除D。

2022-12-02-50.—细节辨认题—同义替换—disastrous damage替换为serious problems

50. What does the author imply by saying aquaculture is no silver bullet?【原文：However, aquaculture is no silver bullet . In some southeast Asian countries, shrimp farming does disastrous damage to marine ecosystems. Despite these problems, however, shrimp continues to be among the most popular seafoods worldwide.】
    A. Shrimp-farming is a risky business.
    B. Fish-farming will not be sustainable.
    C. Fish-farming may cause serious problems too.
    D. Shrimp-farming can become quite expensive.

50. 作者说水产养殖不是灵丹妙药是什么意思？
A.养虾是一项有风险的生意。
B.养鱼是不可持续的。
C.养鱼也可能造成严重的问题。
D.养虾会变得相当昂贵。

50.【定位】由题干中的 aquaculture is no silver bullet 定位到最后一段。

C 【精析】细节辨认题。最后一段第二句指出，在一些东南亚国家，虾类养殖对海洋生态造成了灾难性的破坏。 由此可知，水产养殖也有负面影响，故答案为C。

【避错】最后一段提到了养虾会对海洋生态造成破坏，但并不代表养虾有风险或养虾会变贵，故排除 A 和 D 。最后一段没有提到水产养殖业的可持续问题，故排除B。

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

  In 2020, the Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to the World Food Programme (WFP).
  Why a Nobel Prize for the WFP, and why now? In 2019, the WFP assisted nearly 100 million people in 88 countries. It is the safety net for those who fall off the edge of existence. It is a response to solving the problem of food instability. Its Nobel Prize reminds us all of the moral hazard in imagining that the poor and vulnerable are somebody else’s problem.
  The WFP has been around since 1961 and has been the global coordinator of nationally based efforts to avoid disasters with food aid. Despite decades of effort to eliminate hunger, the latest estimate is that about 11% of people on the planet (about 820 million people) are suffering daily undernourishment. Progress at reducing undernourishment has stopped despite gains through the 1990s and 2000s.
  Developed countries sometimes offer food and aid to developing ones, but at a price. One American philosopher stated that addressing the needs of the poor and vulnerable is about more than money — it is mostly about creating conditions under which prosperity and opportunity can thrive. When aid is offered with heavy conditions attached, like loan repayment or food for resources, it often widens the gap between rich and poor and sustains the old world order. This is why the work of the WFP is so vital.
  The scientific community, however, can provide a helping hand to the WFP. By sharing knowledge of agriculture and climate with peers in countries most vulnerable to poverty and hunger, scientists can help reduce these problems. By making its voice heard, science can lead by example. The ability to overcome food shortages that must be built into some of the poorest countries will not come from loans from wealthy countries, which may have food problems of their own, or world economic institutions. This ability will be built upon self-confident people using open and shared scientific knowledge to pull themselves out of their misery.

2022-12-02-51.—细节辨认题—同义替换—moral hazard in imagining替换为morally wrong to think.

51. What does the WFP’s winning of the Nobel Peace Prize make us realize?【原文：Why a Nobel Prize for the WFP, and why now? In 2019, the WFP assisted nearly 100 million people in 88 countries. It is the safety net for those who fall off the edge of existence. It is a response to solving the problem of food instability. Its Nobel Prize reminds us all of the moral hazard in imagining that the poor and vulnerable are somebody else’s problem.】
    A. More and more people in the world are suffering from starvation.
    B. All of us can be affected by food instability one way or another.
    C. It is hazardous to leave millions of people poor and vulnerable.
    D. It is morally wrong to think helping the poor is not our business.

51. 世界粮食计划署获得诺贝尔和平奖让我们认识到什么？
A.世界上越来越多的人正遭受饥饿。
B.我们所有人都会以这样或那样的方式受到食物不稳定的影响。
C.使数百万人陷入贫困和脆弱是危险的。
D.认为帮助穷人不是我们的责任在道德上是错误的。

51.【定位】由题干中的the WFP’s winning of the Nobel Peace Prize定位到第二段最后一句。

D.
【精析】细节辨认题。定位句指出,它的诺贝尔奖提醒我们所有人，把穷人和弱势群体当成别人的问题是一种道德危机。“它”指的是前文提到的世界粮食计划署，D选项中的morally wrong 对应定位句中的 moral hazard。由此可知，答案为D。

【避错】第三段第二句提到，据最新估计，地球上约有11%%的人(约 82亿人)每天营养不良。并未提及是否有越来越多的人遭受饥饿之苦，故排除 A。第二段第四句提到，世界粮食计划署是解决粮食不稳定问题的对策。并未提及粮食不稳定对所有人的影响，故排除B；第二段最后一句指出，把穷人和弱势群体当成别人的问题是一种道德危机。并没有提及让数百万人处于贫困和弱势是危险的，故排除 C

2022-12-02-52.—推理判断题—易—由“Despite尽管xx，还是”推出选B选项，就是despite放后面了

52. What do we learn about the WFP’s effort to eliminate hunger?【原文：The WFP has been around since 1961 and has been the global coordinator of nationally based efforts to avoid disasters with food aid. Despite decades of effort to eliminate hunger, the latest estimate is that about 11% of people on the planet (about 820 million people) are suffering daily undernourishment. Progress at reducing undernourishment has stopped despite gains through the 1990s and 2000s.】
    A. It has ensured a sufficient food supply to millions.
    B. It is still far from its goal despite the progress made.
    C. It has done a good job in combating natural disasters.
    D. It is preventing starvation occurring on a global scale.

52. 关于世界粮食计划署消除饥饿的努力，我们了解到什么？
A.它保证了数百万人的食物供应。
B.尽管取得了进展，但离目标还很远。
C.抗击自然灾害工作做得很好。
D.它正在防止全球范围内发生饥荒。

52.【定位】由题千中的 the WFP’s effort to eliminate hunger定位到第三段。
B
【精析】推理判断题。定位段提到，世界粮食计划署自1961年成立以来，一直是各国通过粮食援助避免灾难的全球协调机构。尽管为消除饥饿付出了几十年的努力，但据最新估计，地球上约有11%的人(约 8.2 亿人)每天营养不良。尽管在20世纪90年代和21世纪初取得了一些进展，但在减少营养不良方面的进展已经停止。由此推断可知，世界粮食计划署在消除饥饿上取得了一些进展，但距离目标还很远，故答案为 B。

【避错】文章第二段第二句提到，2019年，世界粮食计划署援助了88个国家的近1亿人。并未提及是否提供了充足的食物，A的表述太绝对，故排除；第三段第一句提到，世界粮食计划署自1961年成立以来，一直是各国通过粮食援助避免灾难的全球协调机构。并未提及抗击自然灾害，也未提及阻止全球范围内饥荒的发生，故排除 C和D。

2022-12-02-53.—细节辨认题—难—同义替换—widens the gap between rich and poor扩大贫富差距替换为The rich will become richer and the poor poorer

53. What will happen when food aid is offered at a price?【原文：Developed countries sometimes offer food and aid to developing ones, but at a price. One American philosopher stated that addressing the needs of the poor and vulnerable is about more than money — it is mostly about creating conditions under which prosperity and opportunity can thrive. When aid is offered with heavy conditions attached, like loan repayment or food for resources, it often widens the gap between rich and poor and sustains the old world order. This is why the work of the WFP is so vital.】
    A. The rich will become richer and the poor poorer.
    B. More people will be willing to join in the effort.
    C. More food will be made available to the needy.
    D. The relief effort will be rendered less sustainable.

53. 如果粮食援助是有价格的，会发生什么？
A.富人会更富，穷人会更穷。
B.更多的人会愿意加入到这项努力中来。
C.更多的食物将提供给有需要的人。
D.救济工作将变得难以持续。

【定位】由题千中的 food aid is offered at a price定位到第四段倒数第二句。

A.【精析】细节辨认题。定位句指出，如果援助附带沉重的条件，如偿还贷款或以粮食换资源，这往往会扩大贫富差距，维持旧的世界秩序。由此可知，如果以一定代价提供粮食援助，会扩大贫富差距，即可能会导致富人变得更富，穷人变得更穷，故答案为 A。

【避错】B.“会有更多的人愿意一起努力”C.“会有更多的食物提供给有需要的人"和 D.“救济工作将变得难以为继”三项在文中均未提及，故排除。

2022-12-02-54.—推理判断题—B选项出现定位句多个关键词且同义替换

54. How can scientists help cope with poverty and hunger?【原文：By sharing knowledge of agriculture and climate with peers in countries most vulnerable to poverty and hunger, scientists can help reduce these problems. 】
    A. By collaborating closely with world economic institutions.
    B. By sharing expertise with peers in poverty-stricken nations.
    C. By setting up more food research programs in developing countries.
    D. By building self-respect in people suffering from undernutrition.

54. 科学家如何帮助解决贫困和饥饿问题？
A.通过与世界经济机构密切合作。
B.与贫困国家的同行分享专业知识。
C.通过在发展中国家建立更多的食品研究项目。
D.通过在营养不良的人们中建立自尊。

54.【定位】由题干中的scientists help cope with poverty and hunger定位到第五段第二句。

B
【精析】推理判断题。定位句提到，通过与最容易遭受贫困和饥饿的国家的同行分享农业和气候知识，科学家可以帮助减少这些问题。B选项中的expertise是对定位分中knowledge of agriculture and climate的总结，由此可推断，科学家可以通过与贫困国家的同行分享专业知识来帮助解决贫困和饥饿问题，故答案为 B。

【避错】第五段第四句提到，一些最贫穷的国家必须具备克服粮食短缺的能力，但这种能力不会来自世界经济机构的贷款。而且此处提到与世界经济机构合作的对象是贫穷的国家，并不是科学家，故排除 A。文中未提及要在发展中国家建立更多的食品研究项目，故排除C。文中没有提到要在营养不良的人身上建立自尊，故排除D。

2022-12-02-55.—推理判断题—同义替换—This ability will be built替换为enhance their own ability

55. What message does the author try to convey at the end of the passage?【原文：This ability will be built upon self-confident people using open and shared scientific knowledge to pull themselves out of their misery.】
    A. Wealthy nations should solve their own food problems first.
    B. Rich countries should be more generous in providing food aid.
    C. Poor nations should enhance their own ability to solve their food shortages.
    D. World economic institutions should play a bigger role in fighting hunger.

55. 在文章的末尾，作者试图传达什么信息？
A.富裕国家应该首先解决自己的粮食问题。
B.富裕国家应该更慷慨地提供粮食援助。
C.贫穷国家应该提高自己解决粮食短缺的能力。
D.世界经济机构应该在战胜饥饿方面发挥更大的作用。

55.【定位】由题干中的 at the end of the passage定位到最后一段最后一句。

C.【精析】推理判断题。定位句指出，这种能力将建立在自信的人们利用开放和共享的科学知识使自已摆脱痛苦的基础上。结合前文可知，“这种能力”指的是最贫穷的国家必须具备克服粮食短缺的能力。由此推断可知，作者认为贫穷国家应该提高自己解决粮食短缺的能力，故答案为 C。

【避错】文章第五段倒数第二句提到，富裕国家也可能存在粮食问题。但作者没有给出解决建议故排除 A。第四段第一句提到，发达国家有时会向发展中国家提供有偿的食物和援助。并未提及富裕国家应该更慷慨，故排除 B；文中并未提及世界经济机构应在对抗饥饿方面发挥作用，故排除D。

Part IV Translation ( 30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate apassage from Chinese into English. You should writeyour answer on Answer Sheet 2.

  立春（Start of Spring） 在中国农历中表示春天的开始。立春之后，白天变得更长，天气也愈发温暖，万物开始复苏，大地充满生机。人们常说“一年之计在于春”，农民在这个时节开始播种，为全年的丰收打下基础。中国人早在三千年前就已开始在立春这一天举行庆祝活动。数百年来， 迎春一直是民间的重要习俗。在春暖花开的日子里，人们常常外出游玩，欣赏春天的美景。