2021 年 12 月大学英语四级考试真题（第 3 套）——解析版

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2021年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第3套）

Part I Writing (30 minutes)

Directions: Suppose you have just participated in a school project of collecting used books on campus. You are now to write a report about the project, which may include its aim, organizers, participants and activities. You will have 30 minutes to write the report. ou should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

说明：假设你刚刚参加了学校的一个收集校园旧书的项目。你现在要写一份关于这个项目的报告，其中可能包括它的目标、组织者、参与者和活动。你有30分钟的时间写报告。你应该写至少120字，但不超过180字。

审题

范文

A Report on the Projeet of Used Books Collecting

To Whom It May Concern,
  【1】A school projeet of colleeting used books was held last weekend. The project, 【2】organized by Student Union, targeted mainly junior and senior students and attracted many sophomores, too.【3】 The following are some of the details.
  【4】 Aimed at raising students’ awareness ofreeyeling and helpingthem develop a habit of thrifty, 【5 】 the projeet consists ofthree activities, 【6 】 The first one is barter in which students bring their used books in exchange for books they need.【7】 The second is donation, in which books, mainly cartoons and magazines, are donated to a remote rural school library. 【8】 In the third activity, books, mainly reference ones and materials for CET-4, CET-6 and graduate entrance exam, are given away to students in need for free.
  【9】 I am very happy to report that about 500 used books have found new readers, that 800 have been collected for the rural school library, and that the number ofthe latter is still growing. On this account, 【10】 I suggest that activities of this kind be held once a semester
                        Yours sincerely,
                            Li Ming

点评

【1】点出话题：开篇介绍了项目主题以及活动举行的时间。
【2】介绍活动的组织者及参加者。
【3】引领下段，描述细节。
【4】点明活动目的：提高学生的循环利用意识，帮助他们培养节俭的习惯。
【5】交代活动的数量。
【6】使用 The frst one 引出第一项活动：以物易物。
【7】使用 The second 引出第二项活动：向一所偏远的农村学校图书馆捐赠图书。
【8】使用In the third activity 引出第三项活动：无偿转让一些参考书和考试资料。
【9】结尾：对活动情况进行总结。
【10】表达自己对这项活动的建议。

词汇

second-hand books 二手书
best-selling books 畅销书
dog-eared 翻旧了的
encourage thrift 鼓励节俭
textbook recycling 教科书循环利用
the concept of energy conservation 节约能源的概念
environment-fiendly society 建设环境友好型社会
schools in backward and impoverished areas 贫困落后地区的学校
great social benefts 良好的社会效益
recycle 回收再利用

Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)

说明： 2021 年 12 月大学英语四级考试全国共考了两套听力。 本套的听力内容与第二套相同， 因此本套听力部分不再重复给出。

Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list ofchoices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices, Each choice in the bank is identfied by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any ofthe words in the bank more than once.

Questions 26 to 35 are based on theollowing passage.

  The sheets are damp with sweat. You’re cold, but your heart is racing asifa killer just chased you down adark street. It was just a nightmare, you tell yourself; there’s nothing to be araido. But you’re still illed with 26.
  Given how unsettling and haunting nightmares can be, is there a way or dreamers to 27, or even n of,these bad dreams as they happen?
  Research is 28, but some studies suggest that people who can master lucid dreaming-that is, the ab山ty to be 29 that a nightmare is happening and possibly even control it without waking up—may hold the 30.
  Nightmares are part of the human experience, especially or kids. Doctors 31 don’t consider occasional nightmares a problem. They can just be symptoms of a sleep disorder that can 32 roman unpleasant experience, stress, or certain drugs.
  To treat the disorder, there are a number of medicines and therapies that are backed by 33 research, according to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, which analyzed the available research on the treatment of nightmare disorder in a recent 34 published in the Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine.
  However, nightmares are complicated, and researchers are still struggling to understand them, said Dr. Rachel Salas, an expert on sleep disorders and an associate proessor at Johns Hopkins Medicine in Baltimore. What we do know is that people 35 to have different kinds of nightmares at different points during the sleep cycle.

A. amount
B. answer
C. avoid
D. aware
E. depart
F. drastically
G. ear
H. limited
I. mechanical
J. result
K. review
L. rigorous
M. tend
N. timidity
O. typically

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identy the paragraph from which the information is derive. You may choose a paragrph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a lette. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

Why it matters that teens are reading less

A. Most of us spend much more time with digital media than we did a decade ago. But today’s teens have grown up with smartphones. Compared with teens a couple of decades ago, the way they interact with traditional media like books and movies is undamentally different.

B. Analysis of surveys of over one million teens in the United States collected since 1976 reveals a major shift in how teens are spending their leisure time. Paper books are being ignored, in avor of screens. D屯ital devices are changing other behaviors, too. More and more, young people choose spending time on their electronic devices over engaging in other activities, regardless of the type. Indeed, by 2016, the average American high school senior said they spent six hours a day writing text messages, on social media， and online during their ree time. And that covers just three activities, and if other digital media activities were included, that estimate would no doubt rise.

C. Teens did not always spend that much time with digital media. Online time has doubled since 2006, and social media use has moved rom a periodic activity to a daily one in the same period. By 2016, nearly nine out of ten young women in the 12th grade said they visited social media sites every day. Meanwhile, time spent playing video games rose rom under an hour a day to an hour and a half on average. One out often American 8th grade students in 2016 spent 40 hours a week or more playing video games. Let me emphasize that this is equal to the time most adults spend per week at work.

D. If teens are spending so much time using electronic devices, does that mean they have to give up some other activities? Maybe not. Over the years, many scholars have 画sted that time online does not necessarily take away time spent engaging with traditional media or on other activities. Some people, they argue, are just more interested in certain kinds of media and entertainment. Thus, using more of one type of media does not necessarily mean less of the other.

E. That may be true, but that still does not tell us much about what happens across a whole generation of people when time spent on digital media grows. Large surveys conducted over the course of many years tell us that American youth are not going to the cinema nearly as oten as they did in the past. While 70 percent of 8th and 10th grade students used to go to the movies once a month or more, now only about half do this. More and more, watching a movie is something teens choose to do on their electronic devices. Why is this a problem? One reason is that going to the cinema is generally a social activity. Now, watching movies is something that most teens do alone. This its a larger patten. In another analysis, researchers ound that today’s teens go out with their 扣ends much less oten than previous generations did.

F. But the trends related to movies are less disturbing compared with the change in how teens spend their time. Research has revealed an enomous decline in reading. In 1980, about 60 percent of senior high school students said they read a book, newspaper or magazine every day that was not assigned or school. By 2016, only 16 percent did. This is a huge drop and it is important to note that this was not merely a decline in reading paper books, newspapers or magazines. The survey allowed or reading materials on a digital device.

G. Indeed, the number of senior high school students who said they had not read any books or pleasure in the last year was one out of three by 2016. That is triple the number rom two decades ago. For today’s youth, books, newspapers and magazines have less and less of a presence in their daily lives. Of course, teens are still reading But they are generally reading short texts. Most of them are not reading long articles or books that explore deep themes and require critical thinking and relection. Perhaps not accidentally, in 2016 reading scores were the lowest they have ever been since 1972.

H. This might present problems or young people later on. When high school students go on to college, their past and current reading habits will inluence their academic perormance. Imagine going rom reading texts as short as one or two sentences to trying to read entire books written in complex language and containing sophisticated ideas. Reading and comprehending longer books and chapters takes practice, and American teens are no longer getting that practice.

I. So how can this problem be solved? Should parents and teachers take away teens’smartphones and replace them with paper books? Probably not. Research has shown that smartphones are currently American teens’main orm of social communication. This means that, without a smartphone, teens are likely to eel isolated rom their peers However, that does not mean teens need to use electronic devices as oten as they do now. Data connecting excessive digital media time to mental health issues suggests a limit of two hours a day of ree time spent with screens, a restriction that will also allow time or other activities— like going to the movies with riends or reading longer, more complicated texts.

J. The latter is especially important. I would argue that of all the changes brought about by the widespread use of digital devices, the huge decline in reading is likely to have the biggest negative impact on today’s teens because reading books and longer articles is one of the best ways to lean critical thinking. It helps people to understand complex issues and to separate act rom iction. Thus, deep reading is crucial or being a good citizen, a successul college student nd a productive employee. If serious reading d比 s, a lot will go with it.

36. Many years’surveys reveal that young people in America are going to the cinema much less oten than they used to.
37. Survey analysis shows American teens now spend their leisure time on digital devices rather than reading printed books.
38. The number of senior high schoolers not reading books or pleasure in a year increased three times over 20 years.
39. Many scholars claim that spending time on electronic devices doesn’t necessarily mean a decrease of time or other activities.
40. Most people spend much more time interacting with digital media than they did ten years ago.
41. The auhor claims that it will be a great loss if we no longer read books and longer articles.
42. Over a decade or so, American teens’social media use shifted rom an occasional activity to a routine one.
43. A more disturbing trend in America today is that teens are spending ar less time reading than around our decades ago.
44. Some ive years ago, high school seniors in America generally spent more than six hours a day on electronic devices.
45. It was ound that American youngsters today don’t socialize nearly as much as the earlier generations.

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the ollowing passage.

  Have you ever wondered how acceptable it is to hug or touch someone? While it may sound safe to avoid all physical contact so as not to offend anyone, the lack of touching might imply cold attitudes or indiference in interpersonal relationships.
  So, what should we do? The simple answer is to thoroughly len unique cultural norms or physical contact. In nonverbal communication terminoloy (术语），physical contact and the study of touching are generally reerred to as haptics.
  Haptics in communication often suggest the level of intimacy. They are usually classiied into two groups: high-contact and low-contact.
  Asia and quite surprisingly the United States, Canada and Britain belong to low-contact cultures.People from the rest of the world, such as Latin America, are considered to be in high-contact cultures, where they tend to expect touching in social interactions and feel more comortable with physical closeness. Despite the classiication, there are more complex actors such as relational closeness, gender, age, and context that can affect how someone views physical contact.
  One common French custom of greetings is cheek-kissing, but it is mostly restricted to friends, close acquaintances and amily members. While cheek-kissing or Latin Americans is also a universal greeting orm, it does not require such a high degree of relational closeness. However, gender matters more or them because check-kissing oten only happens between women or aman and a woman but not two men.
  In contrast, in certain Arabian, Arican, and Asian countries, men can publicly hold hands or show physical afection as signs of brotherhood or riendship while these behaviors may suggest a romantic relationship in other parts of the world. Although men’s touching is more normal in these cultures, physical contact between persons of opposite sexes who are not amily members is negatively perceived in Arabian countries.
  These actors could deinitely afect the degree to which someone is comortable with tactile（触觉的）communication and physical intimacy. Thereore, if you are someone who loves to show physical afection, you should not be araid to show it or drastically change your behaviors—just ask or consent beforehand！

【参考译文】
  你有没有想过怎样拥抱或触碰别人才能被接受？ (46) 虽然避免一切身体接触以免冒犯任何人听起来很稳妥，但缺乏接触可能意味着人际关系中的冷淡态度或漠不关心。
  那么，我们该怎么办？简单的答案就是通晓身体接触的独特文化规范。(47-1)在非语言交流术语中，身体接触和对触碰的研究通常被称为触觉。
  (47-2)在交流中，触觉通常暗示着亲密程度。它们通常被分为两类：高接触和低接触。
  亚洲与美国、加拿大和英国属于低接触文化，这一点令人很惊讶。(48)来自世界其他地区的人，如拉丁美洲人，被认为处于高接触文化中，他们往往会在社交互动中期待接触，并对身体上的亲近感到更舒适。尽管进行了分类，但还有一些更复杂的因素，如关系亲密度、 性别、年龄和背景，可能会影响人们对身体接触的看法。
  一个常见的法国问候习俗是亲吻脸颊，但它主要限于朋友、熟人和家人。虽然亲吻脸 颊对拉丁美洲人来说也是一种普遍的问候方式，但它并不需要高度的亲密关系。然而，性别对他们来说更为重要，因为亲吻脸颊通常只发生在女性之间，或者男性和女性之间，而不是两个男性之间。
  (49)相比之下，在某些阿拉伯、非洲和亚洲国家，男性可以公开握手或有身体上的亲近行为，并将其视为兄弟情谊或友谊的象征，而在世界其他地区这些行为可能暗示恋爱关系。 虽然在这些文化中，男性的身体接触更为正常，但在阿拉伯国家，非家庭成员的异性之间的身体接触会被消极地理解。
  (50)这些因素肯定会影响人们对触觉交流和身体亲密的舒适程度。因此，如果你是一个喜欢表现身体亲近的人，你不应该害怕表现出来，或者彻底改变你的行为——只要事先征得对方允许就好了！

【文章来源】

本文选自 2019 年 3 月 29 日刊登在 Freely Magazine (《自由杂志》)上的一篇标题为“To Hug or Not to Hug: Physical Contacts Vary Across Cultures”(《拥不拥抱：身体接触因文化而异》)的文章。

【结构框图】

2021-12-03-46.—细节辨认题—易—简单同义替换—“cold attitude"替换为"lack of warmth”

2021-12-03-46.—第一：通过“physical contact”定位；第二：找原词复现，选项ABC；第三：找同义替换，选项C有两个原词复现，且“a lack of warmth”替换原文“the lack of touching”

46. What does the author say in theirst paragraph about physical contact?【原文：Have you ever wondered how acceptable it is to hug or touch someone? While it may sound safe to avoid all physical contact so as not to offend anyone, the lack of touching might imply cold attitudes or indiference in interpersonal relationships.】
    A. Its role in interpersonal relationships is getting increasingly important
    B. It is becoming more acceptable to many who used to think it ofensive.
    C. Its absence might suggest a lack of warmth in interpersonal relationships
    D. It might prompt different responses rom people of different social backgrounds

46. 关于身体接触，作者在第一段中说了什么？
A.它在人际关系中的作用越来越重要。
B.许多过去认为它无礼的人现在越来越能接受它了。
C.它的缺失可能表明人际关系中缺乏温暖。
D.不同社会背景的人可能会有不同的反应。

46.【定位】由题干中的 first paragraph 和 physical contact 定位到首段第二句。

C 【精析】细节辨认题。定位句指出，虽然避免一切身体接触以免冒犯任何人听起来很稳 妥，但缺乏接触可能意味着人际关系中的冷淡态度或漠不关心。由此可见，缺少身体接触会让人觉得你在人际交往中表现得不够热情，故答案为 C。

【避错】第一段未提到身体接触越来越重要的相关内容，故排除 A；

第一段第二句表明，有些人会为了避免冒犯别人而避免所有的身体接触，但并未提及这些人现在是否接受身体接触的行为，故排除 B；
第一段没有提到身体接触会引发不同背景的人的不同反应， 故排除 D。

2021-12-03-47.—推理判断题—难—复杂同义替换—“level of intimacy亲密程度"替换为"close … relationshipsxx间的关系亲密”

2021-12-03-47.—第一：通过“physical contact … communication”定位；第二：找原词复现，选项BD；第三：找同义替换，选项D的“relationships”替换原文的“high-contact and low-contact”

47. What does physical contact in communication suggest?【原文：So, what should we do? The simple answer is to thoroughly len unique cultural norms or physical contact. In nonverbal communication terminoloy (术语），physical contact and the study of touching are generally reerred to as haptics.
      Haptics in communication often suggest the level of intimacy. They are usually classiied into two groups: high-contact and low-contact.】
    A. What social class people belong to.
    B. How civilized the communicators are.
    C. What amily background people come from.
    D. How close the communicators’relationships are.

47. 交流中的身体接触意味着什么？
A.人们属于什么社会阶层。
B.沟通者多么文明。
C.人们来自什么家庭背景。
D.沟通者的关系有多亲密。

47.【定位】由题干中的 physical contact、in communication 和 suggest 定位到第二段最后一 句和第三段第一句。

D 【精析】推理判断题。由第二段最后一句可知，触觉指的就是身体接触和对触碰的研究。 第三段第一句提到，交流中的触觉通常暗示着亲密程度。由此可知，答案为 D。

【避错】文章中未提及社会阶层和身体接触之间的关系，故排除 A；
B中提到的有礼貌并未在文中出现，故排除；
文章第五、六段提及家庭成员之间的身体接触，但不涉及家庭背景，故排除 C。

2021-12-03-48.—推理判断题

2021-12-03-48.—第一：通过“high-contact cultures”定位；第二：找原词复现，选项BCD；第三：找同义替换，选项B出现原词复现多个，主要是纠结比原文多的宾语“cultural norm”是否“无中生有”

48. What do we learn about people in high-contact cultures?【原文：Asia and quite surprisingly the United States, Canada and Britain belong to low-contact cultures.People from the rest of the world, such as Latin America, are considered to be in high-contact cultures, where they tend to expect touching in social interactions and feel more comortable with physical closeness. Despite the classiication, there are more complex actors such as relational closeness, gender, age, and context that can affect how someone views physical contact.】
    A. They are sensitive to the way people express their emotions.
    B. They take touching as a cultural norm in social interactions.
    C. They attach great importance to close ties among people.
    D. They tend to be more open in interpersonal relationships.

48. 在高度接触的文化中，人们又如何呢？
A.他们对人们表达情感的方式很敏感。
B.他们认为触摸是社会交往中的一种文化规范。
C.他们非常重视人与人之间的紧密联系。
D.他们在人际关系中更开放。

48.【定位】由题干中的 people in high-contact cultures 定位到第四段第二句。

B 【精析】推理判断题。定位句指出，来自世界其他地区的人，如拉丁美洲人，被认为处于高接触文化中，他们往往会在社交互动中期待接触，并对身体上的亲近感到更舒适。 由此推断出，触摸是高接触文化中的人在社交时的一种典型行为和习惯，属于一种文化规范，故答案为 B。

【避错】A 在文中未提及，故排除；定位句中提到高接触文化中的人对身体上的亲近感到更舒适，而 C 提到的是看重人与人之间的亲密关系，与定位句中身体上的亲近不是一个概念，故排除 C；
D 中的更开放没有在文中提及，故排除。

2021-12-03-49.—细节辨认题—易—“as signs of friendship"替换为"show friendship”

2021-12-03-49.—第一：通过“Arabian”定位；第二：找原词复现，选项ABC；第三：从选项ABC中找特点，比起A，更想选C，选项C只有一个单词不一样，而且跟原文都是否定词性

49. What do we lean about social customs in Arabian countries?【原文：In contrast, in certain Arabian, Arican, and Asian countries, men can publicly hold hands or show physical affection as signs of brotherhood or friendship while these behaviors may suggest a romantic relationship in other parts of the world. Although men’s touching is more normal in these cultures, physical contact between persons of opposite sexes who are not amily members is negatively perceived in Arabian countries.】
    A. Men can show friendship in public through physical affection.
    B. Non-traditional romantic relationships are simply unacceptable.
    C. Physical contact between unfamiliar people is negatively perceived.
    D. People of different ages and genders show affection in different ways.

49. 关于阿拉伯国家的社会习俗，我们了解到了什么？
A.男人可以在公共场合通过肢体接触来表达友谊。
B.非传统的恋爱关系是完全不能接受的。
C.不熟悉的人之间的身体接触被认为是消极的。
D.不同年龄和性别的人表达感情的方式不同。

49.【定位】由题干中的 Arabian countries 定位到第六段第一句。

A【精析】细节辨认题。定位句提到，在某些阿拉伯、非洲和亚洲国家，男性可以公开握手或有身体上的亲近行为，并将其视为兄弟情谊或友谊的象征，而在世界其他地区这些行为可能暗示恋爱关系。由此可见，在阿拉伯国家，男性可以在公共场合通过身体接触来表达友谊，故答案为 A。

【避错】B 在文中并未提及，故排除；
C 中的 negatively perceived 在第六段最后一句中出现，该句指出非家庭成员的异性之间的身体接触会被消极地理解，并非不熟悉的人之间的身体接触，因此该项内容与原文不相符，故排除；
第四段最后一句提到还有一些更复杂的因素，如关系亲密度、性别、年龄和背景，可能会影响人们对身体接触的看法，而不是影响人们表达喜爱的方式，因此排除 D。

2021-12-03-50.—推理判断题—难—同义替换—“affect the degree受到同意"替换为"preference喜好”

2021-12-03-50.—第一：通过“tactile communication”定位；第二：找原词复现，选项A，但不对；第三：找同义替换，不好找

50. What does the author tell us to do concening tactile communication?【原文：These actors could definitely affect the degree to which someone is comortable with tactile（触觉的）communication and physical intimacy. Therefore, if you are someone who loves to show physical affection, you should not be afraid to show it or drastically change your behaviors—just ask or consent beorehand！】
    A. Lay emphasis on nonverbal communication.
    B. Learn to use appropriate body language first
    C. Pay attention to the diferences between genders.
    D. Take other people’s preference into consideration.

50. 关于触觉交流，作者告诉了我们什么？
A.强调非语言交流。
B.首先学会使用适当的肢体语言。
C.注意性别之间的差异。
D.考虑别人的喜好。

50.【定位】由题干中的 tactile communication 定位到最后一段第一句。

D 【精析】推理判断题。定位句指出，有些因素会影响人们对触觉交流和身体亲密的舒适程度。这就意味着不同人对身体接触的接受度是不一样的。因此，作者在下一句提出建议，如果你是一个喜欢表现身体亲近的人，要在有身体接触之前征得对方允许，故答案为 D。

【避错】A “重视非语言交流”和 B “首先学会使用合适的身体语言”在文中没有提及，故排除；

C 提及的性别差异只是影响人们对身体接触接受度的众多因素之一，除此之外，还有年龄、背景等。因此，仅仅注意性别差异是不够的。故排除 C。

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on theollowing passage.

  From climate change to the ongoing pandemic (大流行病） and beyond, the issues acing today’s world are increasingly complex and dynamic. Yet solving problems like these requires new approaches that extend beyond traditional ways of thinking. A study led by Yale Proessor of Psychology, Paul O’Keefe, found that having a growth mindset（思维倾向）of interest may spark this type of innovation.
  Proessor O’Keefe established in earlier studies that people hold different beliefs about the nature of interest. Those with a growth mindset of interest tend to believe that interests can be developed and cultivated, while those with a ixed mindset of interest tend to believe that interests are inherent（与生俱有的） and simply need to be 'ound.'Building on these indings, the latest research examined how a growth mindset of interest can boost integrative thinking across the traditional disciplinary boundaries of arts and sciences.
  For example, in one task, research participants were instructed to create new college majors by combining two or more existing academic Arts or Science programs at their university. Ater coding and analyzing the ideas they generated, the team ound that people with a growth mindset of interest were more likely to bridge programs across the arts and sciences to create new majors like computational economics rather than creating majors that drew rom only one of those areas, like computational chemistry.
  As Proessor O’Keefe pointed out, “This research provides a useful direction or organizations whose products and services call or integrated and creative solutions.Take smarphones for example. You need not only computer science and engineering knowledge, but also an understanding of psychology and visual design to create a better product Employees with a growth mindset may be more likely to devise innovative ideas that bridge multiple areas of knowledge to achieve better solutions.”
  The beneits of a growth mindset of interest may also extend to those seeking employment. This is a pressing issue because many people are becoming unemployed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Having a growth mindset of interest can help job seekers expand their interests and become more adaptable to different ields, and take the initiative to lean new skills.

2021-12-03-51.—细节辨认题—难—选项CD类似，再根据内容选C，结果错了—同义替换—complex and dynamic"复杂而动态的"替换为varied and complicated"多种多样且复杂"

2021-12-03-51.—第一：通过“today’s world”定位；第二：找原词复现，选项ABC；第三：找同义替换，B好排除，但是AC不好找同义替换，看着都有的样子，但是A有一个明显的“complicated”呼应原文“complex”

51. What does the author say about the world today?【原文：From climate change to the ongoing pandemic (大流行病） and beyond, the issues acing today’s world are increasingly complex and dynamic. Yet solving problems like these requires new approaches that extend beyond traditional ways of thinking.】
    A. It aces problems that are getting more varied and complicated.
    B. It has done away with many of the traditional ways of thinking.
    C. It is undergoing radical and pround changes.
    D. It is witnessing various types of innovations.

51. 关于当今世界，作者说了些什么？
A.它面临的问题正变得越来越多样和复杂。
B.它废除了许多传统的思维方式。
C.它正在发生根本而深刻的变化。
D.它正在见证各种类型的创新。

【定位】由题干中的 world today 定位到首段第一句。

【精析】细节辨认题。定位句指出，从气候变化到目前的大流行病以及其他问题，当今世界的问题越来越复杂和多变。A 中的 varied and complicated 对应原文中 complex and dynamic，故答案为 A。

【避错】文章第一段第二句提到解决这些问题需要超越传统思维方式的新方法，并未说明传统思维已经被废除，故排除 B；C “它正在经历彻底而深刻的变革”和 D “它正在见证多种多样的创新”在文中未提及，故排除。

2021-12-03-52.—细节辨认题—易错—选项AB类似，再根据内容，选B，错了，定位也定错了，是在第二段—定位正确后简单同义替换，different替换为divid

2021-12-03-52.—第一：通过“study”定位；第二：找原词复现，选项BCD；第三：找同义替换，选项B的“divid”替换原文的“different beliefs”

52. What did Proessor O’Keefe find in his earlier studies?【原文：A study led by Yale Proessor of Psychology, Paul O’Keefe, found that having a growth mindset（思维倾向）of interest may spark this type of innovation.
      Proessor O’Keefe established in earlier studies that people hold different beliefs about the nature of interest.】
    A. People’s interests tend to change with age.
    B. People’s interests determine their mindsets.
    C. People are divided about the nature of interest.
    D. People of different ages have different mindsets.

54. 奥基夫教授在他早期的研究中发现了什么？
A.人们的兴趣往往会随着年龄的增长而改变。
B.人们的兴趣决定了他们的心态。
C.人们对利息的性质有不同的看法。
D.不同年龄的人有不同的心态。

【定位】由题干中的 Profèssor O’Keefe 和 earlier studies 定位到第二段第一句。

【精析】细节辨认题。定位句提到，奥基夫教授在早期的研究中证实，人们对兴趣的本质持有不同的看法，即存在分歧。C 中的 divided 对应原文中的 different，故为答案。

【避错】文章第二段第二句提到那些具有兴趣增长型思维的人倾向于认为兴趣是可以发展和培养的，并不是说兴趣会随年龄而改变，故排除 A；B “人们的兴趣决定他们的思维方式”和 D “不同年龄的人有不同的思维方式”均未在文中提及，故排除。

2021-12-03-53.—细节辨认题—易

2021-12-03-53.—第一：通过“research”定位；第二：找原词复现，选项AD；第三：找同义替换，选项D更像是有同义替换

53. What is the focus of Proessor O’Keefe’s recent research?【原文：Building on these indings, the latest research examined how a growth mindset of interest can boost integrative thinking across the traditional disciplinary boundaries of arts and sciences.】
    A. How boundaries can be removed between arts and science disciplines.
    B. How feasible it is to create new disciplines like computational economics
    C. How students in arts and sciences view the two types of mindset of interest.
    D. How a growth mindset of interest can contribute to cross-disciplinary thinking.

53. 奥基夫教授最近研究的重点是什么？
A.如何消除艺术和科学学科之间的界限。
B.创建像计算经济学这样的新学科的可行性
C.文理科学生如何看待两种类型的兴趣心态。
D.兴趣的成长心态如何有助于跨学科思维。

【定位】由题干中的 Professor Keefe’s recent research 定位到第二段第三句。
D
【精析】细节辨认题。定位句指出，在这些发现的基础上，最新的研究检验了兴趣增长型思维是如何促进跨人文和科学的传统学科边界的综合性思维的。因此，奥基夫最近的研究重点即兴趣增长型思维模式如何促进跨学科思维，故答案为D。

【避错】定位句中提及跨越学科界限的综合性思维，而不是消除学科之间的界限，故排除 A；B 中提到的创造像计算经济学这样的新学科只是研究参与者的一项任务，并非奥基夫教授的研究主题，故排除 B；C 在文中未提及，故排除。

2021-12-03-54.—推理判断题—易错—AD选项类似，结果没有出正确答案

2021-12-03-54.—第一：通过“smarphones for example”定位；第二：找原词复现，选项BC；第三：找同义替换，选项C“multidisciplinary”替换原文“multiple”

54. What does the author want to illustrate with the example of smartphones?【原文：Take smarphones for example. You need not only computer science and engineering knowledge, but also an understanding of psychology and visual design to create a better product.Employees with a growth mindset may be more likely to devise innovative ideas that bridge multiple areas of knowledge to achieve better solutions."】
    A. Hi-tech products are needed in interdisciplinary research.
    B. Improved technology gives birth to highly popular products.
    C. Making innovative products needs multidisciplinary knowledge.
    D. Hi-tech products can boost people’s integrative thinking.

54. 作者想用智能手机的例子说明什么？
A.跨学科研究需要高科技产品。
B.改进的技术产生了非常受欢迎的产品。
C.创新产品需要多学科的知识。
D.高科技产品可以促进人们的整合思维。

【定位】由题干中的 smartphones 定位到第四段第二句。

【精析】推理判断题。定位句提到以智能手机为例，而举例子的目的可在下文找到。该段后两句提到，你不仅需要计算机科学和工程知识，还需要对心理学和视觉设计有所理解，才能创造出更好的产品。而具有成长型思维的员工更可能谋划出跨越多个知识领域的创新想法，以实现更好的解决方案。由此可见，制造创新性产品需要具备多学科知识，故答案为 C。

【避错】 A “跨学科研究中需要高科技产品”和 B “技术改进会产生受欢迎的产品”在文章中并未提及，故排除；结合第四段内容，可推断出是人的综合性思维会促进一些高科技产品的诞生，因此可排除 D。

2021-12-03-55.—推理判断题—易—定位容易，答案同义替换容易—growth mindset of interest 替换为 boraden their interests

2021-12-03-55.—第一：通过“seeking employment”定位；第二：找原词复现，选项B；第三：找同义替换，选项B“broaden”替换原文“growth mindset of”

55. What is the author’s suggestion to those who are seeking employment?【原文：The beneits of a growth mindset of interest may also extend to those seeking employment.】
    A. Leaming practical skills.
    B. Broadening their interests.
    C. Staying safe in the pandemic.
    D. Knowing their pressing issues.

55. 作者对那些正在找工作的人有什么建议？
A.学习实用技能。
B.拓宽他们的兴趣。
C.在大流行中保持安全。
D.了解他们的紧迫问题。

【定位】由题干中的 seeking employment 定位到最后一段第一句。

B
【精析】推理判断题。定位句指出，兴趣增长型思维的好处也可能延伸到那些寻求就业的人身上。该段最后解释说，拥有兴趣增长型思维可以帮助求职者拓展兴趣，更好地适应不同领域。由此可知，求职者应当拓展兴趣，以增加就业机会，故案为B。

【避错】文中并未提及 A“学习一些实用技能”和 C“在大流行病期间注意安全”，故排除；
最后一段第二句提到就业是一个紧迫的问题，因为许多人由于 COVID-19 疫情而失业，而不是说找工作的人要了解他们的紧迫问题，故排除D。

Part IV Translation (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate apassage from Chinese into English. You should writeyour answer on Answer Sheet 2.
  都江堰 (Dujiangyan) 坐落在成都平原西部的氓江上，距成都市约50公里，始建于公元前三世纪。它的独特之处在于无需用堤坝调控水流。两千多年来，都江堰一直有效地发挥看防洪与灌溉作用，使成都平原成为旱涝保收的沃土和中国最重要的粮食产地之一。都江堰工程体现了我国人民与自然和谐共存的智慧，是全世界年代最久、仍在使用、无坝控水的水利工程。

译文

  Dujiangyan is located on the Minjiang River in the western part of the Chengdu Plain, about 50 kilometers from Chengdu. Its construction began in the third century BC. What characterizes it most is that it can regulate the flow of water without a dam. For more than 2,000 years, Dujiangyan has effectively served the purposes of flood prevention and irrigation, making the Chengdu Plain a fertile land that ensures stable yields despite drought or excessive rain and one of the major grainproducing areas in China. This project embodies the wisdom of the Chinese people to coexist in harmony with nature and is the oldest water conservancy project in the world that is still in use and controls water without a dam.

点评

1. 第一句稍长，翻译时可以拆分为两句，将说明地理位置的部分译为第一句，将修建时间译为第二句。第一句有多种翻译方式，首先可处理成并列句，译为“Dujiangyan is located on the Minjiang River in the western part of the Chengdu Plain and it is about50 kilometers from Chengdu.”。也可以将“距成都市约 50 公里”作为主句，译为“Located on the Minjiang River in the western part of the Chengdu Plain, Dujiangyan is about 50 kilometers from Chengdu.”。另外，还可以将“坐落在成都平原”部分作为主句，后面部分翻译成状语，如参考译文中的翻译。翻译第二句“修建时间”部分时，除参考译文给出的翻译外，也可以采用被动语态，即“It was built in the third century BC.”。
2. 第二句中，“它的独特之处”可以翻译为 Its distinctive/unique feature,也可以用参考译文中的主语从句 What characterizes it most is that…来翻译。“无需用堤坝调控水流”，即可以先译出“调控水流”regulate the flow of water, 再将“无需用堤坝”译为介词短语作后置定语；也可以将其顺译为 it doesn’t need a dam to regulate the flow of water.
3. 第三句含有两个动词“发挥着”和“使……成为”，可以以动词为单位，将该句翻译为 and连接的两个并列句；也可以翻译为一句，将“发挥着”作为主句的谓语动词，将“使……成为”处理为现在分词 making 引导的结果状语。“旱涝保收的沃土”是这句翻译的难点，可以先翻译中心词“沃土”，即 a fertile land,然后将“旱涝保收的”翻译为定语从句。汉语中有许多像“旱涝保收”这样的四字格结构，翻译时可采用“舍形取意”的解释性方法译出其主要意思，如“旱涝保收”可理解为“不管发生干旱还是多雨，都能保证收成”，即译为 ensures stable yields despite drought or excessive rain。
4. 翻译第四句时，可将逗号前后的两句翻译为 and 连接的两个并列句。第一句中，翻译短语“我国人民与自然和谐共存的智慧”时，应先翻译中心词“智慧”，再用介词短语和不定式引出定语，即 the wisdom of the Chinese people to coexist in harmony with nature。第二句的中心词“水利工程”前有三个定语，如果按照顺序一一翻译为前置定语，可能出现定语冗长的情况，不符合英语表达习惯，可以先翻译“全世界年代最久的水利工程”，然后将“仍在使用”和“无坝控水”翻译为并列的定语从句。

词汇

Three Gorges Dam 三峡大坝
channel 水渠
hydraulic engineering 水利工程
divert the river from its course 使河流改道
Land of Abundance 天府之国
the completion of the project 工程竣工
current 水流，潮流
flood discharge 泄洪
dike 堤坝，排水沟
hydrologist 水文学家