游戏物理引擎概述

物理引擎是纯粹的物理运算库，如力、加速度等（纯数据运算与图形绘制无关）。

3d物理引擎：bullet

2d物理引擎有两种：1.box2d 2.chipmunk

2d物理引擎会改变物体的位置和旋转，比如物理碰撞会引发物体的旋转

cocos中用到的物理引擎：

cocos2dx中的Node自带物理引擎的参数（基于chipmunk封装的）：

//Physics:remaining backwardly compatible  
#if CC_USE_PHYSICS
    PhysicsBody* _physicsBody;
public:
    void setPhysicsBody(PhysicsBody* physicsBody)
    {
        if (_physicsBody != nullptr)
        {
            removeComponent(_physicsBody);
        }

        addComponent(physicsBody);
    }
    PhysicsBody* getPhysicsBody() const { return _physicsBody; }

    friend class PhysicsBody;
#endif

简单理解：

在特定的物理环境下，拥有不同物理参数的刚体会产生不同的物理运动：

cocos封装的b2World类：

/// The world class manages all physics entities, dynamic simulation,
/// and asynchronous queries. The world also contains efficient memory
/// management facilities.
class b2World
{
public:
	/// Construct a world object.
	/// @param gravity the world gravity vector.
	b2World(const b2Vec2& gravity);
	~b2World();
	b2Draw* m_debugDraw;
	b2Body* m_bodyList;
	/// Register a routine for debug drawing. The debug draw functions are called
	/// inside with b2World::DrawDebugData method. The debug draw object is owned
	/// by you and must remain in scope.
	void SetDebugDraw(b2Draw* debugDraw);
	/// Call this to draw shapes and other debug draw data. This is intentionally non-const.
	void DrawDebugData();
    /**
        其他代码省略
    **/
}
//用m_debugDraw绘制m_bodyList中的body
void b2World::DrawDebugData()
{
	if (m_debugDraw == NULL)
	{
		return;
	}
	uint32 flags = m_debugDraw->GetFlags();
	if (flags & b2Draw::e_shapeBit)
	{
		for (b2Body* b = m_bodyList; b; b = b->GetNext())
		{
			const b2Transform& xf = b->GetTransform();
			for (b2Fixture* f = b->GetFixtureList(); f; f = f->GetNext())
			{
				if (b->IsActive() == false)
				{
					DrawShape(f, xf, b2Color(0.5f, 0.5f, 0.3f));
				}
				else if (b->GetType() == b2_staticBody)
				{
					DrawShape(f, xf, b2Color(0.5f, 0.9f, 0.5f));
				}
	            //后面省略
			}
		}
	}
    //后面省略
}

void b2World::DrawShape(b2Fixture* fixture, const b2Transform& xf, const b2Color& color)
{
	switch (fixture->GetType())
	{
	case b2Shape::e_circle:
		{
			b2CircleShape* circle = (b2CircleShape*)fixture->GetShape();

			b2Vec2 center = b2Mul(xf, circle->m_p);
			float32 radius = circle->m_radius;
			b2Vec2 axis = b2Mul(xf.q, b2Vec2(1.0f, 0.0f));
            //debugDraw绘制
			m_debugDraw->DrawSolidCircle(center, radius, axis, color);
		}
		break;
        //后面省略
    }
}

b2dWorld需要一个DebugDraw对象（继承于b2Draw），用来绘制body，使body的形状显示出来，用于调试。

cocos自带的DebugDraw类：

// This class implements debug drawing callbacks that are invoked
// inside b2World::Step.
class GLESDebugDraw : public b2Draw
{
    float32 mRatio;//一米等于多少像素
    cocos2d::GLProgram* mShaderProgram;
    GLint        mColorLocation;
    void initShader( void );
public:
    GLESDebugDraw();
    GLESDebugDraw( float32 ratio );
    virtual void DrawPolygon(const b2Vec2* vertices, int vertexCount, const b2Color& color);
    virtual void DrawSolidPolygon(const b2Vec2* vertices, int vertexCount, const b2Color& color);
    virtual void DrawCircle(const b2Vec2& center, float32 radius, const b2Color& color);
    virtual void DrawSolidCircle(const b2Vec2& center, float32 radius, const b2Vec2& axis, const b2Color& color);
    virtual void DrawSegment(const b2Vec2& p1, const b2Vec2& p2, const b2Color& color);
    virtual void DrawTransform(const b2Transform& xf);
    virtual void DrawPoint(const b2Vec2& p, float32 size, const b2Color& color);
    virtual void DrawString(int x, int y, const char* string, ...); 
    virtual void DrawAABB(b2AABB* aabb, const b2Color& color);
};

创建物理世界代码：

void b2d_world::init_b2d_world(float g) {
	b2Vec2 phy_g;
	phy_g.x = 0;
	phy_g.y = g;
	//创建一个b2World物理世界
	this->phy_world = new b2World(phy_g);
	// 提高我们的计算的性能。
	this->phy_world->SetAllowSleeping(true);
	// 为这个世界配置一个debugDraw对象，让这个debugDraw来完成我们的调试区域的绘制。
	this->debug_draw = new GLESDebugDraw(b2d_world::PTM_RADIO);
	this->phy_world->SetDebugDraw(this->debug_draw);
	// test 动态圆形
	b2Body* body = b2d_create_circle(this->phy_world, 100 / b2d_world::PTM_RADIO, b2BodyType::b2_dynamicBody);
	body->SetTransform(b2Vec2(480 / b2d_world::PTM_RADIO, 320 / b2d_world::PTM_RADIO), 0);
	body->SetLinearVelocity(b2Vec2(100 / b2d_world::PTM_RADIO, 0));
	// 启动游戏的update,来迭代我们的物理世界
	this->scheduleUpdateWithPriority(0);
}