汉译英早操练-（十九）

        hello大家好，今天继续跟大家精进汉译英。来来来，一起学英语

        go! go! go!

        按人口计算，中国是世界上最大的国家；按领土面积计算，是第三大国家，仅次于俄罗斯和加拿大。

        According to population, China is the largest country in the world; according to areas, China is the third big one, only next to Russia and Canada.

        一、按照... 不能用according to ,according to表示信息或观点的出处。这里面有【根据】的意思，用 in terms of合适

        二、第三大国家不能用 third big one，形容国家大小，不能用big，可以直接用the third,而不能用the third big one.

        三、

        三、【仅次于】用only next to 就是Chinglish了，second only to 更准确的表达了仅次于。

        In terms of population, China is the largest country in the world; in terms of territorial area, it is the third largest country, second only to Russia and Canada.

        众所周知，中国的自然资源十分丰富，这使得中国具备良好的条件发展工农业。 

        As is known that China is rich in nature source,making China have the condition to develop its own Industry and agriculture.

        一、As is known that 是典型的把It is known that和As is known,混淆了。

        It is known that the Great Wall of China is one of the Seven Wonders of the World.
        众所周知，中国的长城是世界七大奇迹之一。

        As is known, China has a long and rich history.
        众所周知，中国有着悠久而丰富的历史。

        二、自然资源：natural resource

        nature source：描述那些具有经济价值和用途的自然物质和能量

        natural resource：指自然界中可用于人类生产或消费的物质和能量来源。

        三、【中国具备...条件】这个条件一定是复数形式，而不是特定的某个条件，所以将the condition改为conditions。这个是受到中文表达的束缚，我们平时就总说...又条件，感觉这个条件是特指，其实不是特指，而是一些条件的集合。

        As is known, China is rich in natural resources, making China have the conditions to develop its own industry and agriculture.

        历史记载表明，16世纪时，中国已经发明了纸，并且传入了欧洲，是的欧洲人大感惊奇。 

        It is shown in history that the Chinese people have invented paper in 16th and brought it into the Europe, resulting in a great surprising for the European.

        一、It is shown in history这种表达不够简单，可以简化成为History has shown that 

        二、纸的发明是公元2世纪，所以到了16世纪，是已经发明纸张了，如果用 in the16th century表示16世纪内发明纸张，不符合事实，by the 16th century表示16世界已经发明纸张了。

        三、【惊奇】表达用surpring表达不合适

        amazement：强调对某事物的强烈惊讶和兴奋；        

        surprising是一个形容词，强调事物或情况出乎人们的意料之外。

        Historical records indicate that by the 16th century the Chinese had already invented paper and had it brought to Europe, causing great amazement among the Europeans.

        中国的1,800公里长的大运河，建成于公元610年，流经17个城市，是世界上最古老，最长的人工水道。 

        The 1.8 thousand kilometres long Grand Canal, which was built in the year 610 and runs through seventeen cities, is the oldest longest man-made river way.
         这句话当中对大运河有多个方面的阐释，给表达的顺畅性造成一定的难度。

        【中国的1,800公里长的大运河】很多时候，我们可能比较倾向于将形容词直接做成一个短语，例如The Grand Canal is 1.8 thousand kilometres long in China...，这样不如将其直接表达成为 China's 1,800-kilometer long Grand Canal...

        后面【建成于公元610年】，【流经17个城市】，如果我们将他俩放在宾语的位置上，就可以将这句话拆成两个句子。如下所示

        The Grand Canal, which is 1.8 thousand kilometres long, was built in the year 610 and runs through seventeen cities. It is the oldest and longest man-made riverway.

        但是这样最后面那句就比较短，如果想让其变成一句表达，应该将 【建成于公元610年】，【流经17个城市】做成非谓语从句，插入到主语和谓语宾语中间。

        China's 1,800-kilometer long Grand Canal, which was completed in 610 AD and flows through 17 cities, is the world's oldest and longest human-made waterway.

        一、【建成】==建立+完成==complete≠build

        二、注意时代，建成说的是过去时，而流经则在表达一般性的状态。

        三、词汇辨析：“river way”和“waterway”在含义和用法上有所区别。前者主要关注河流的自然流动路径，后者则涵盖了所有可航行的水体以及特定的排水设施。

        四、1800没到万这个级别，就直接表达，不要在用什么thousand来拆数字。

        为了改善环境，中国最大的，人口最密的城市-上海，正在计划建造一座占地300多公顷的森林公园，成为“超级绿肺”

       In order to improve the environment, Shanghai, China's biggest and most populated city, is planning to build a over 300-kilometre-long forest garden and will become the 'Super Lung'.

        一、公园不要使用garden，而应该用park. garden专指花园，和原文语义有偏差。

        二、【300多公顷的森林公园】a 300-kilometre-long forest park变成了【300千米长的森林公园】，改变了语义，错误表达，需要用后置定语格式表达：a forest park covering/spreading out over 300 hectares of land。

        In order to better its environment, Shanghai, China's largest and most populated city, is planning to build a forest park spreading over 300 hectares of land, to be known as the "Super Lung".

         "园中之园"的圆明园，其建设和修复延续150年，经历清朝的五代皇帝，1860年，在第二次鸦片战争期间，曾被英法军队烧成平地，而到1900年，则更进一步为八国联军所毁。

        Known as "Garden of Garden", the Old Summer Palace went through 150 years of construction and repair during which five empires have passed. It was fired onto ground in second  Opium War in 1860 and suffered future destroy by eight countries's armies.

        一、园中之园“Garden of Gardens” , the Old Summer Palace也应该去掉the,原有

        二、【其建设和修复延续150年】如果使用 go through就没有感情色彩，体现不出圆明园经历的遭遇，所以这里面适宜用undergo，遭遇了150年的建设和修复，更为妥帖。

        三、对建筑物的修复，不适宜用repair;应该用renovation

        repair更多关注于对损坏物品的修复，而renovation则侧重于对旧有设施或结构的大规模翻新和改造。

        四、烧成平地：fire onto ground,明显是chianglish，不是标准的英语表达。可以使用burning onto ground和burning to ground。

        五、注意专有名词需要大写second Opium War

        六、语法错误：对于复数名词的所有格，不要再使用's的形式，去掉s. eight countries' armies. 另外【联军】有较为准确的表达【the allied army】

        七、漏译：英法军队the British and French troops，八国联军 : the allied army of eight powers.

        The "Garden of Gardens", Yuan Ming Yuan， which underwent 150 years of construction and renovation under five emperors of the Qing Dynasty, was burned down by the British and French troops in 1860 during the second Opium War and then further destroyed by the allied army of eight powers in 1900.

        未完待续，喜欢的小伙伴往下看，嘻嘻~