Contents
Brief introduction:
The Cauchy-Schwarz inequality is a fundamental concept in mathematics that states that the dot product of two vectors is always less than or equal to the product of their magnitudes. In simpler terms, it means that the angle between two vectors cannot be greater than 90 degrees. This inequality has important applications in a wide range of fields, including linear algebra, calculus, and probability theory, and is used to prove many important theorems. It is a powerful tool for understanding the relationships between different mathematical objects and has many practical applications in physics, engineering, and computer science.
Cauchy-Schwarz Inequality for Integrals for any two functions clarification
Cauchy-Schwarz says
∫
E
f
g
d
x
≤
(
∫
E
f
2
d
x
)
1
/
2
(
∫
E
g
2
d
x
)
1
/
2
\int_{E} f g \mathrm{d} x \leq\left(\int_{E} f^{2} \mathrm{d} x\right)^{1 / 2}\left(\int_{E} g^{2} \mathrm{d} x\right)^{1 / 2}
∫Efgdx≤(∫Ef2dx)1/2(∫Eg2dx)1/2
where
∫
E
\int_{E}
∫E is a definite integral. Then the
A
M
−
G
M
‾
\underline{\mathrm{AM}-\mathrm{GM}}
AM−GM says that for
a
,
b
≥
0
a, b \geq 0
a,b≥0
a
b
≤
a
+
b
2
\sqrt{a b} \leq \frac{a+b}{2}
ab≤2a+b
Applying (2) to (1) yields
(
for
c
>
0
)
(\text { for } c>0)
( for c>0)
∫
E
f
g
d
x
=
∫
E
(
c
f
)
(
g
/
c
)
d
x
≤
c
2
∫
E
f
2
d
x
+
1
2
c
∫
E
g
2
d
x
\begin{aligned} \int_{E} f g \mathrm{d} x &=\int_{E}(\sqrt{c} f)(g / \sqrt{c}) \mathrm{d} x \\ & \leq \frac{c}{2} \int_{E} f^{2} \mathrm{d} x+\frac{1}{2 c} \int_{E} g^{2} \mathrm{d} x \end{aligned}
∫Efgdx=∫E(cf)(g/c)dx≤2c∫Ef2dx+2c1∫Eg2dx