YOLOv8改进系列，YOLOv8添加GAM注意力机制

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前言

全局注意力机制（GAM），通过减少信息减少和放大全局交互表示来提高深度神经网络的性能。引入了带有多层感知器的 3D 排列，用于通道注意力以及卷积空间注意力子模块，GAM注意机制理论详解可以参考链接: 论文地址）

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一、YOLOv8原始版本代码下载

源码下载地址 ：链接: link
源码提取码: rpe7

二、GAM代码

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
@Auth ： 挂科边缘
@File ：GAM.py
@IDE ：PyCharm
@Motto:学习新思想，争做新青年
@Email ：179958974@qq.com
@qq ：179958974
"""
import torch.nn as nn



class GAM(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, in_channels, rate=4):
        super(GAM, self).__init__()

        self.channel_attention = nn.Sequential(
            nn.Linear(in_channels, int(in_channels / rate)),
            nn.ReLU(inplace=True),
            nn.Linear(int(in_channels / rate), in_channels)
        )

        self.spatial_attention = nn.Sequential(
            nn.Conv2d(in_channels, int(in_channels / rate), kernel_size=7, padding=3),
            nn.BatchNorm2d(int(in_channels / rate)),
            nn.ReLU(inplace=True),
            nn.Conv2d(int(in_channels / rate), in_channels, kernel_size=7, padding=3),
            nn.BatchNorm2d(in_channels)
        )

    def forward(self, x):
        b, c, h, w = x.shape
        x_permute = x.permute(0, 2, 3, 1).view(b, -1, c)
        x_att_permute = self.channel_attention(x_permute).view(b, h, w, c)
        x_channel_att = x_att_permute.permute(0, 3, 1, 2).sigmoid()
        x = x * x_channel_att
        x_spatial_att = self.spatial_attention(x).sigmoid()
        out = x * x_spatial_att

        return out

三、在YOLOv8添加GAM代码

1.在modules目录下添加上述的GAM代码

在ultralytics/nn/modules目录下，新建一个文件名，我这里取名为GAM.py，把上面代码复制进去，如图所示

在__init__.py文件导入GAM模块，

文件路径为：ultralytics/nn/modules/init.py，在__init__.py开头导入GAM，导入截图所示

from .GAM import GAM

3.在tasks.py文件注册GAM

该文件路径为：ultralytics/nn/tasks.py，在开头导入GAM，添加如截图所示

之后在这个文件的parse_model方法，添加GAM，如果有其它注意机制添加到{}里面就行，所用的参数是一样的，所示只需在{}添加其它注意机制就行，添加如截图所示

看到这里已经成功把改进的模块添加进YOLOv8源码了，接下来配置yaml文件调用改进的模块就行了

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四、yaml文件修改

在ultralytics/cfg/models/v8目录下，新建一个yaml文件，复制yolov8.yaml文件，然后取名为yolov8-GAM.yaml，我这个文件代码如下所示：
下面将展示在头部添加和主干网络添加的配置文件，你也在其它地方添加，即插即用，多多实验出结果

在头部添加

yolov8-GAM.yaml全部代码如下：

# Ultralytics YOLO 🚀, AGPL-3.0 license
# YOLOv8 object detection model with P3-P5 outputs. For Usage examples see https://docs.ultralytics.com/tasks/detect

# Parameters
nc: 80  # number of classes
scales: # model compound scaling constants, i.e. 'model=yolov8n.yaml' will call yolov8.yaml with scale 'n'
  # [depth, width, max_channels]
  n: [0.33, 0.25, 1024]  # YOLOv8n summary: 225 layers,  3157200 parameters,  3157184 gradients,   8.9 GFLOPs
  s: [0.33, 0.50, 1024]  # YOLOv8s summary: 225 layers, 11166560 parameters, 11166544 gradients,  28.8 GFLOPs
  m: [0.67, 0.75, 768]   # YOLOv8m summary: 295 layers, 25902640 parameters, 25902624 gradients,  79.3 GFLOPs
  l: [1.00, 1.00, 512]   # YOLOv8l summary: 365 layers, 43691520 parameters, 43691504 gradients, 165.7 GFLOPs
  x: [1.00, 1.25, 512]   # YOLOv8x summary: 365 layers, 68229648 parameters, 68229632 gradients, 258.5 GFLOPs

# YOLOv8.0n backbone
backbone:
  # [from, repeats, module, args]
  - [-1, 1, Conv, [64, 3, 2]]  # 0-P1/2
  - [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 2]]  # 1-P2/4
  - [-1, 3, C2f, [128, True]]
  - [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]]  # 3-P3/8
  - [-1, 6, C2f, [256, True]]
  - [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]]  # 5-P4/16
  - [-1, 6, C2f, [512, True]]
  - [-1, 1, Conv, [1024, 3, 2]]  # 7-P5/32
  - [-1, 3, C2f, [1024, True]]
  - [-1, 1, SPPF, [1024, 5]]  # 9

# YOLOv8.0n head
head:
  - [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, 'nearest']]
  - [[-1, 6], 1, Concat, [1]]  # cat backbone P4
  - [-1, 3, C2f, [512]]  # 12

  - [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, 'nearest']]
  - [[-1, 4], 1, Concat, [1]]  # cat backbone P3
  - [-1, 3, C2f, [256]]  # 15 (P3/8-small)
  - [-1, 1, GAM, []]  # 16

  - [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]]
  - [[-1, 12], 1, Concat, [1]]  # cat head P4
  - [-1, 3, C2f, [512]]  # 19 (P4/16-medium)
  - [-1, 1, GAM, []]  # 20

  - [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]]
  - [[-1, 9], 1, Concat, [1]]  # cat head P5
  - [-1, 3, C2f, [1024]]  # 23 (P5/32-large)
  - [-1, 1, GAM, []]  # 24

  - [[16, 20, 24], 1, Detect, [nc]]  # Detect(P3, P4, P5)

在主干添加

yolov8-GAM.yaml全部代码如下：

# Ultralytics YOLO 🚀, AGPL-3.0 license
# YOLOv8 object detection model with P3-P5 outputs. For Usage examples see https://docs.ultralytics.com/tasks/detect

# Parameters
nc: 80  # number of classes
scales: # model compound scaling constants, i.e. 'model=yolov8n.yaml' will call yolov8.yaml with scale 'n'
  # [depth, width, max_channels]
  n: [0.33, 0.25, 1024]  # YOLOv8n summary: 225 layers,  3157200 parameters,  3157184 gradients,   8.9 GFLOPs
  s: [0.33, 0.50, 1024]  # YOLOv8s summary: 225 layers, 11166560 parameters, 11166544 gradients,  28.8 GFLOPs
  m: [0.67, 0.75, 768]   # YOLOv8m summary: 295 layers, 25902640 parameters, 25902624 gradients,  79.3 GFLOPs
  l: [1.00, 1.00, 512]   # YOLOv8l summary: 365 layers, 43691520 parameters, 43691504 gradients, 165.7 GFLOPs
  x: [1.00, 1.25, 512]   # YOLOv8x summary: 365 layers, 68229648 parameters, 68229632 gradients, 258.5 GFLOPs

# YOLOv8.0n backbone
backbone:
  # [from, repeats, module, args]
  - [-1, 1, Conv, [64, 3, 2]]  # 0-P1/2
  - [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 2]]  # 1-P2/4
  - [-1, 3, C2f, [128, True]]
  - [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]]  # 3-P3/8
  - [-1, 6, C2f, [256, True]]
  - [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]]  # 5-P4/16
  - [-1, 6, C2f, [512, True]]
  - [-1, 1, GAM,[]]
  - [-1, 1, Conv, [1024, 3, 2]]  # 7-P5/32
  - [-1, 3, C2f, [1024, True]]
  - [-1, 1, GAM,[]]
  - [-1, 1, SPPF, [1024, 5]]  # 9

# YOLOv8.0n head
head:
  - [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, 'nearest']]
  - [[-1, 6], 1, Concat, [1]]  # cat backbone P4
  - [-1, 3, C2f, [512]]  # 12

  - [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, 'nearest']]
  - [[-1, 4], 1, Concat, [1]]  # cat backbone P3
  - [-1, 3, C2f, [256]]  # 15 (P3/8-small)

  - [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]]
  - [[-1, 14], 1, Concat, [1]]  # cat head P4
  - [-1, 3, C2f, [512]]  # 18 (P4/16-medium)

  - [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]]
  - [[-1, 11], 1, Concat, [1]]  # cat head P5
  - [-1, 3, C2f, [1024]]  # 21 (P5/32-large)

  - [[17, 20, 23], 1, Detect, [nc]]  # Detect(P3, P4, P5)

五、训练文件修改

YOLOv8训练方式跟YOLOv5是有区别的，但是训练数据集格式跟YOLOv5一样的，你只需把处理好的数据集就行，这里就不在阐述了，废话不多说，我的训练文件如下，根据你训练需求修改指定参数就行，圈起来的修改成你的路径就行

import warnings
warnings.filterwarnings('ignore')
from ultralytics import YOLO

if __name__ == '__main__':
    model = YOLO(r'E:\Desktop\new-yolov8\ultralytics-main\ultralytics\cfg\models\v8\yolov8-DCNv2.yaml')
    model.train(data=r'data.yaml',
                cache=False,
                imgsz=640,
                epochs=5,
                single_cls=False, 
                batch=4,
                close_mosaic=10,
                workers=0,
                device='cpu',
                optimizer='SGD',
                project='runs/train',
                name='exp',
                )

device=‘cpu’,参数意思是：你电脑是GPU你就填0，CPU就填cpu，GPU是有英伟达显卡的电脑使用的，如果没有英伟达显卡训练非常慢，因为我电脑没有英伟达显卡，这里训练只用了几张数据集进行测试，你们也可以租云服务器训练，方法都是一样的，后期有空会出一起环境配置视频，我以前的作品也有环境配置教程的，你们可以翻一下看看
测试一下训练，打印出来的YOLOv8结构可以看到添加GAM注意机制成功

总结

请在我提供的YOLOv8代码修改，把环境配置好，数据集处理好，训练基本能成功，创作不易，请帮忙点一个爱心，谢谢观看