摘 要
随着我国微型电子技术和光伏产业的发展，目前行业内为满足光伏需求出现了大量的追光系统设备，而大多数的光伏发电系统作业过程中都有追光系统，并且追光系统成为光伏产业工作人员重点关注和研究的对象，逐渐成为光伏发电的重要组成部分，行业内对其设计要求相当规范。之前的对追光的控制以人为为主，精度极其低，而且需要的人力比较大来实现，慢慢的被市场所淘汰，不能满足社会需求。因此，为了进一步提高追光系统的效率和品质，需要靠我们对其追光系统技术进行完善和智能化。
如何提高太阳能的转换率和利用率、降低发电系统制造成本，是研究太阳能发电系统的两大难题。本次设计通过PLC等自动化产品，设计一种结构简单、成本低且精度高的自动追光系统，能有效解决光线传感器对太阳光强弱不灵敏的问题，能有效地解决常规电网不能覆盖的偏远地区及旅游地区的生活用电，不产生环境污染。太阳能光伏发电电池阵列的发电量与光线入射角角度有关，光线与光伏阵列平面垂直时，发电量最大。提出基于PLC的自动追光系统，使光伏电池板能实时跟踪太阳光照，从而提高光伏阵列的发电量，提高太阳能的利用率。系统包括硬件部分和软件部分，硬件部分有光线检测电路、PLC控制电路等；软件部分有PLC的控制程序。
本次设计在基于PLC的控制思想上，来对追光系统进行研究与设计。本次设计对可编程逻辑控制器（PLC）进行了介绍，确定了使用PLC的型号，用来作为追光系统的下位机；确定PLC的通信方式，并对追光系统相关控制进行编程实现。
关键词：追光系统；光伏发电；PLC；光敏传感器
Abstract
As micro electronic technology and the development of photovoltaic industry in our country, in the industry to meet the demand of photovoltaic (pv) now a lot of spotlight system equipment, photovoltaic power generation systems and most of the work are the spotlight in the process of system, and the spotlight system staff focus on photovoltaic industry and become one of the research object, has become an important part of photovoltaic power generation, The design requirements of the industry are quite standard. The previous control of tracking light was human-based, with extremely low precision and large manpower needed to achieve it, which was gradually eliminated by the market and could not meet the needs of the society. Therefore, in order to further improve the efficiency and quality of the tracking system, it is necessary to rely on us to improve and intellectualize the tracking system technology.
How to improve the conversion rate and utilization rate of solar energy and reduce the manufacturing cost of power generation system are two major problems in the research of solar power generation system. This design through PLC and other automation products, the design of a simple structure, low cost and high precision of the automatic light tracking system, can effectively solve the problem of light sensors on the strength of the sun sensitive, can effectively solve the conventional grid can not cover the remote areas and tourism areas of living electricity, without environmental pollution. The energy yield of solar photovoltaic cell array is related to the Angle of ray incidence. When the ray is perpendicular to the plane of photovoltaic array, the energy yield reaches the maximum. An automatic light tracking system based on PLC is proposed to make photovoltaic panels track solar illumination in real time, so as to improve the energy generation of photovoltaic array and improve the utilization rate of solar energy. The system includes hardware part and software part, the hardware part has light detection circuit, PLC control circuit and so on; The software part has PLC control program.
This design is based on the PLC control idea, to the tracking system monitoring system research and design. The design of programmable logic controller (PLC) is introduced, determine the use of PLC model, used as the tracking system monitoring system of the lower machine; Determine the communication mode of PLC, and programming the control of the tracking system.
Key words: Tracking system; Photovoltaic power generation; PLC; Photosensor
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