替换Yolov8中的SPPF模块

    YoloV8中的SPPF（Spatial Pyramid Pooling - Fast）模块是一种用于计算机视觉任务中的特征提取层，它继承并改进了SPP（Spatial Pyramid Pooling）层的设计。SPP层最早是在SPPNet中提出的，用于在不同的尺度上提取特征，以增强网络的尺度不变性。

针对不同的项目，我们可替换此模块，常用的替换的模块有ASPP模块，SPPFCSPC模块等。

以SPPFCSPC模块为例进行替换。

1.在nn/modules文件下创建SPPFCSPC.py

import torch
import torch.nn.functional as F
import torch.nn as nn

from ultralytics.nn.modules import Conv

class SPPFCSPC(nn.Module):

    def __init__(self, c1, c2, n=1, shortcut=False, g=1, e=0.5, k=5):
        super(SPPFCSPC, self).__init__()
        c_ = int(2 * c2 * e)  # hidden channels
        self.cv1 = Conv(c1, c_, 1, 1)
        self.cv2 = Conv(c1, c_, 1, 1)
        self.cv3 = Conv(c_, c_, 3, 1)
        self.cv4 = Conv(c_, c_, 1, 1)
        self.m = nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=k, stride=1, padding=k // 2)
        self.cv5 = Conv(4 * c_, c_, 1, 1)
        self.cv6 = Conv(c_, c_, 3, 1)
        self.cv7 = Conv(2 * c_, c2, 1, 1)

    def forward(self, x):
        x1 = self.cv4(self.cv3(self.cv1(x)))
        x2 = self.m(x1)
        x3 = self.m(x2)
        y1 = self.cv6(self.cv5(torch.cat((x1, x2, x3, self.m(x3)), 1)))
        y2 = self.cv2(x)
        return self.cv7(torch.cat((y1, y2), dim=1))

2.在task.py文件中导入该模块

from ultralytics.nn.modules.SPPFCSPC import SPPFCSPC

3.修改task.py文件中的parse_model函数（直接搜索即可）

在代码中添加该模块

4.修改yaml文件

# Ultralytics YOLO 🚀, AGPL-3.0 license
# YOLOv8 object detection model with P3-P5 outputs. For Usage examples see https://docs.ultralytics.com/tasks/detect

# Parameters
nc: 80 # number of classes
scales: # model compound scaling constants, i.e. 'model=yolov8n.yaml' will call yolov8.yaml with scale 'n'
  # [depth, width, max_channels]
  n: [0.33, 0.25, 1024] # YOLOv8n summary: 225 layers,  3157200 parameters,  3157184 gradients,   8.9 GFLOPs
  s: [0.33, 0.50, 1024] # YOLOv8s summary: 225 layers, 11166560 parameters, 11166544 gradients,  28.8 GFLOPs
  m: [0.67, 0.75, 768] # YOLOv8m summary: 295 layers, 25902640 parameters, 25902624 gradients,  79.3 GFLOPs
  l: [1.00, 1.00, 512] # YOLOv8l summary: 365 layers, 43691520 parameters, 43691504 gradients, 165.7 GFLOPs
  x: [1.00, 1.25, 512] # YOLOv8x summary: 365 layers, 68229648 parameters, 68229632 gradients, 258.5 GFLOPs

# YOLOv8.0n backbone
backbone:
  # [from, repeats, module, args]
  - [-1, 1, Conv, [64, 3, 2]] # 0-P1/2
  - [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 2]] # 1-P2/4
  - [-1, 3, C2f, [128, True]]
  - [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]] # 3-P3/8
  - [-1, 6, C2f, [256, True]]
  - [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]] # 5-P4/16
  - [-1, 6, C2f, [512, True]]
  - [-1, 1, Conv, [1024, 3, 2]] # 7-P5/32
  - [-1, 3, C2f, [1024, True]]
  - [-1, 1, SPPFCSPC, [1024]] # 9

# YOLOv8.0n head
head:
  - [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]]
  - [[-1, 6], 1, Concat, [1]] # cat backbone P4
  - [-1, 3, C2f, [512]] # 12

  - [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]]
  - [[-1, 4], 1, Concat, [1]] # cat backbone P3
  - [-1, 3, C2f, [256]] # 15 (P3/8-small)

  - [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]]
  - [[-1, 12], 1, Concat, [1]] # cat head P4
  - [-1, 3, C2f, [512]] # 18 (P4/16-medium)

  - [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]]
  - [[-1, 9], 1, Concat, [1]] # cat head P5
  - [-1, 3, C2f, [1024]] # 21 (P5/32-large)

  - [[15, 18, 21], 1, Detect, [nc]] # Detect(P3, P4, P5)

5.测试是否成功

可以参考本链接详情无需运行项目，控制台直接输出Yolov8的结构-CSDN博客

控制台输出模型结构，表示修改成功！！