一、目的
这一节我们学习如何使用乐鑫的ESP32开发板通过心知天气API控获取实时天气的数据，并使用串口SPI控制ILI9341 液晶屏，显示出来。
二、环境
ESP32(固件：esp32-20220618-v1.19.1.bin) + Thonny(V4.0.1) + ILI9341 液晶屏模块 + 几根杜邦线 + Win10 64位商业版
接线方法，请查看上篇文章：物联网开发笔记（93）
心知天气 - 高精度气象数据 - 天气数据API接口 - 行业气象解决方案心知天气是中国气象局官方授权的商业气象服务公司，基于气象数值预报和人工智能技术，提供高精度气象数据、天气监控机器人、气象数据可视化产品，以及能源、电力、保险、农业、交通、互联网、物联网行业解决方案
https://www.seniverse.com/大家自行注册下账号，然后申请免费使用。
然后你会获取到一个公钥和私钥，亲保存下来待用：
在文档-产品文档中查看使用方法
这下图我们可以找到我们需要使用的API地址
将API的key的值设为你的私钥，location设为你的城市即可。
其他的信息大家在文档中自行查找哈。。。
四、演示示例代码
示例中的库和字体请从下文获取：
from machine import Pin,SPI,PWM
from ili9341 import Display,color565
from xglcd_font import XglcdFont
import network,time,urequests,ujson
# 调节显示亮度，初始亮度为400
blk = PWM(Pin(2),duty = (400),freq = (1000))
# 创建SPI对象
spi = SPI(2, baudrate=40000000, polarity=0, phase=0, bits=8, firstbit=0, sck=Pin(18), mosi=Pin(23), miso=Pin(19))
# 创建屏幕对象
tft = Display(spi,cs=Pin(5,Pin.OUT),dc=Pin(26,Pin.OUT),rst=Pin(27,Pin.OUT),width=240,height=320,rotation=180)
# 字库
font9x11 = XglcdFont("font/ArcadePix9x11.c",9,11)
font12x24 = XglcdFont("font/Unispace12x24.c",12,24)
def do_connect():
tft.draw_text(8,2,"Weather forecast: ",font12x24,color565(0,255,0),color565(0,0,0))
tft.draw_hline(0,32,240,color565(255,255,0))
tft.draw_hline(0,40,240,color565(255,255,0))
wlan = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF)
wlan.active(True)
if not wlan.isconnected():
tft.draw_text(0,52,"connecting to network...",font9x11,color565(0,255,255),color565(0,0,0))
wlan.connect('WIFI名称', 'WIFI密码')
while not wlan.isconnected():
pass
tft.draw_text(0,52,"esp32 2.4G network config...",font9x11,color565(255,0,0),color565(0,0,0))
tft.draw_text(0,63,"IP addr: %s"%wlan.ifconfig()[0],font9x11,color565(0,255,255),color565(0,0,0))
tft.draw_text(0,74,"Gateway: %s"%wlan.ifconfig()[1],font9x11,color565(0,255,255),color565(0,0,0))
tft.draw_text(0,85,"Mask: %s"%wlan.ifconfig()[2],font9x11,color565(0,255,255),color565(0,0,0))
tft.draw_text(0,96,"Dns: %s"%wlan.ifconfig()[3],font9x11,color565(0,255,255),color565(0,0,0))
def Get_Tianqi():
#地区编码
#https://api.seniverse.com/v3/weather/now.json?key=SZuYH2Be_kZZD4lV7&location=WWE0TGW4PX6N&language=zh-Hans&unit=c
#省份加地市
#https://api.seniverse.com/v3/weather/now.json?key=SZuYH2Be_kZZD4lV7&location=shandongjinan&language=zh-Hans&unit=c
#公钥PkM0QLlo-IO3ONMo8 私钥SB8otBmdd8Sz6F0wg
#data = urequests.get("https://api.seniverse.com/v3/weather/now.json?key=SB8otBmdd8Sz6F0wg&location=beijing&language=en&unit=c")
#weather_info = ujson.loads(data.text)
weather_info = {"results":[{"location":{"id":"WX4FBXXFKE4F","name":"Beijing","country":"CN","path":"Beijing,Beijing,China","timezone":"Asia/Shanghai","timezone_offset":"+08:00"},"now":{"text":"Haze","code":"31","temperature":"16"},"last_update":"2023-03-21T21:42:15+08:00"}]}
#城市编码
City_ID = weather_info["results"][0]["location"]["id"]
#城市
name = weather_info["results"][0]["location"]["name"]
#天气
weather = weather_info["results"][0]["now"]["text"]
#温度
temperature = weather_info["results"][0]["now"]["temperature"]
#更新
update = weather_info["results"][0]["last_update"]
#打印调试
#print(City_ID,name,weather,update)
tft.draw_text(0,111,"City_ID: %s"%City_ID,font9x11,color565(0,255,255),color565(0,0,0))
tft.draw_text(0,122,"name: %s"%name,font9x11,color565(0,255,255),color565(0,0,0))
tft.draw_text(0,133,"weather: %s"%weather,font9x11,color565(0,255,255),color565(0,0,0))
tft.draw_text(0,144,"temperature: %s%s"%(temperature,' '),font9x11,color565(0,255,255),color565(0,0,0))
tft.draw_text(0,155,"update: %.18s"%update,font9x11,color565(0,255,255),color565(0,0,0))
tft.draw_text(0,185,"temperature: %.3s%s"%(temperature,' '),font12x24,color565(0,255,0),color565(0,0,0))
for i in range(60):
tft.fill_circle(220,198,6,color565(0,255,0))
time.sleep(1)
tft.fill_circle(220,198,6,color565(255,0,0))
time.sleep(1)
tft.draw_text(120,296,"update: %.2d"%(i),font12x24,color565(255,255,i),color565(0,0,0))
def main():
blk.duty(800) # 设置屏幕背光
do_connect() # 连接网络
while True:
Get_Tianqi() # 获取天气
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()五、演示效果
六、urequest库
urequests.py
import usocket
#from parse import urlencode
import ure
class Response:
def __init__(self, f):
self.raw = f
self.encoding = "utf-8"
self._cached = None
self.status_code = None
self.reason = None
self.headers = None
# cookie support as dict
self.cookies = None
# url to see redirect targets
self.url = None
def close(self):
if self.raw:
self.raw.close()
self.raw = None
self._cached = None
@property
def content(self):
if self._cached is None:
try:
self._cached = self.raw.read()
finally:
self.raw.close()
self.raw = None
return self._cached
# extracts data from a stream, if the direct conversion of the result to a string consumes too much memory
def extract(self, _startStr, _endStr):
# we prepare an array to store
results = []
# prepare regex to reduces spaces to on space
# and remove cr/linefeeds
removeWhiteSpaces = ure.compile("( )+")
removeCR = ure.compile("[\r\n]")
endOfStream = False
_startStrBytes = bytes(_startStr, 'utf-8')
_endStrBytes = bytes(_endStr, 'utf-8')
# start with mininum length of the search String
# if it is smaller than the start - end
pageStreamBytes = self.raw.read(len(_startStr))
if len(pageStreamBytes) < len(_startStr):
endOfStream = True
# we must convert the searchstring to bytes als not for all charcters uft-8 encoding is working
# like in Curacao (special c)
while not endOfStream:
if pageStreamBytes == _startStrBytes:
# we found a matching string
# print('Start found %s ' % pageStreamBytes.decode('utf-8'))
# we need to find the end
endOfTag = False
read = self.raw.read(len(_endStr))
if len(read) == 0:
endOfStream = True
pageStreamBytes += read
while ((not endOfStream) and (not endOfTag)):
# comparing the string with the find method is easier
# than comparing the bytes
if (pageStreamBytes.decode('utf-8')).find(_endStr) > 0:
endOfTag = True
result = removeWhiteSpaces.sub('', pageStreamBytes.decode('utf-8'))
result = removeCR.sub('', result)
results.append(result)
# print('Result: %s' % result)
else:
# read and Append
read = self.raw.read(1)
if len(read) == 0:
endOfStream = True
else:
pageStreamBytes += read
# print('End not Found %s' % pageStreamBytes.decode('utf-8'))
else:
# we did not find a matching string
# and reduce by one character before we add the next
# print('not found %s' % pageStream)
pageStreamBytes = pageStreamBytes[1:len(_startStrBytes)]
read = self.raw.read(1)
if len(read) == 0:
endOfStream = True
pageStreamBytes = pageStreamBytes + read
self.close()
return results
@property
def text(self):
return str(self.content, self.encoding)
def json(self):
import ujson
return ujson.loads(self.content)
""" method = head, get, put, patch, post, delete
url (with our without parameters)
params, cookies, headers - each as dict
if cookies are supplied, new cookies will be added
if parse_headers is false -> no cookies are returned as they are part of the header
if followRedirect = false -> the redirect URL is stored in URL
"""
def request(method, url, params=None, cookies=None, data=None, json=None, headers={}, parse_headers=True, followRedirect=True):
if params is not None:
if params != {}:
#url = url.rstrip('?') + '?' + urlencode(params, doseq=True)
url = url.rstrip('?') + '?'
redir_cnt = 1
while True:
try:
proto, dummy, host, path = url.split("/", 3)
except ValueError:
proto, dummy, host = url.split("/", 2)
path = ""
if proto == "http:":
port = 80
elif proto == "https:":
import ussl
port = 443
else:
raise ValueError("Unsupported protocol: " + proto)
if ":" in host:
host, port = host.split(":", 1)
port = int(port)
ai = usocket.getaddrinfo(host, port, 0, usocket.SOCK_STREAM)
ai = ai[0]
resp_d = None
if parse_headers is not False:
resp_d = {}
# print('Socket create')
s = usocket.socket(ai[0], ai[1], ai[2])
# 60sec timeout on blocking operations
s.settimeout(60.0)
try:
# print('Socket connect')
s.connect(ai[-1])
if proto == "https:":
s = ussl.wrap_socket(s, server_hostname=host)
# print('Socket wrapped')
s.write(b"%s /%s HTTP/1.0\r\n" % (method, path))
# print('Socket write: ')
# print(b"%s /%s HTTP/1.0\r\n" % (method, path))
if "Host" not in headers:
s.write(b"Host: %s\r\n" % host)
# Iterate over keys to avoid tuple alloc
for k in headers:
s.write(k)
s.write(b": ")
s.write(headers[k])
s.write(b"\r\n")
# print(k, b": ".decode('utf-8'), headers[k], b"\r\n".decode('utf-8'))
if cookies is not None:
for cookie in cookies:
s.write(b"Cookie: ")
s.write(cookie)
s.write(b"=")
s.write(cookies[cookie])
s.write(b"\r\n")
if json is not None:
assert data is None
import ujson
data = ujson.dumps(json)
s.write(b"Content-Type: application/json\r\n")
if data:
s.write(b"Content-Length: %d\r\n" % len(data))
# print("Content-Length: %d\r\n" % len(data))
s.write(b"Connection: close\r\n\r\n")
if data:
s.write(data)
# print(data)
l = s.readline()
#print('Received protocoll and resultcode %s' % l.decode('utf-8'))
l = l.split(None, 2)
status = int(l[1])
reason = ""
if len(l) > 2:
reason = l[2].rstrip()
# Loop to read header data
while True:
l = s.readline()
#print('Received Headerdata %s' % l.decode('utf-8'))
if not l or l == b"\r\n":
break
# Header data
if l.startswith(b"Transfer-Encoding:"):
if b"chunked" in l:
# decode added, can't cast implicit from bytes to string
raise ValueError("Unsupported " + l.decode('utf-8'))
elif l.startswith(b"Location:") and 300 <= status <= 399:
if not redir_cnt:
raise ValueError("Too many redirects")
redir_cnt -= 1
url = l[9:].decode().strip()
#print("Redirect to: %s" % url)
# set status as signal for loop
status = 302
if parse_headers is False:
pass
elif parse_headers is True:
l = l.decode()
# print('Headers: %s ' % l)
k, v = l.split(":", 1)
# adding cookie support (cookies are overwritten as they have the same key in dict)
# supplied in the request, not supported is the domain attribute of cookies, this is not set
# new cookies are added to the supplied cookies
if cookies is None:
cookies = {}
if k == 'Set-Cookie':
ck, cv = v.split("=", 1)
cookies[ck.strip()] = cv.strip()
# else it is not a cookie, just normal header
else:
resp_d[k] = v.strip()
else:
parse_headers(l, resp_d)
except OSError:
s.close()
print('Socket closed')
raise
# if redirect repeat else leave loop
if status != 302:
break
# if redirect false leave loop
if (status == 302) and not followRedirect:
break
# if 302 and redirect = true then loop
resp = Response(s)
resp.url = url
resp.status_code = status
resp.reason = reason
if resp_d is not None:
resp.headers = resp_d
# adding cookie support
resp.cookies = cookies
return resp
def head(url, **kw):
return request("HEAD", url, **kw)
def get(url, **kw):
return request("GET", url, **kw)
def post(url, **kw):
return request("POST", url, **kw)
def put(url, **kw):
return request("PUT", url, **kw)
def patch(url, **kw):
return request("PATCH", url, **kw)
def delete(url, **kw):
return request("DELETE", url, **kw)
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