http://blog.csdn.net/xiajun07061225/article/details/7646058
TGA格式图像是游戏中十分常见的一种图像格式，所以有必要了解其内部格式以及编程实现。
TGA图像一般有非压缩和压缩两种格式，下面分别进行介绍。
一、非压缩TGA图像
注：前面的标记绿色的部分（共12字节）表示对于所有的非压缩TGA格式图像值都是相同的！所以通常用来在读取数据时鉴别是否为TGA图像。
| 名称 | 偏移 | 长度 | 说明 | ||
| 图像信息字段长度 | 0 | 1 | 本字段是 1 字节无符号整型，指出图像信息字段（ 见本子表的后面 ）长度，其取值范围是 0 到 255 ，当它为 0 时表示没有图像的信息字段。 | ||
| 颜色表类型 | 1 | 1 | 0 表示没有颜色表，1 表示颜色表存在。由于本格式是无颜色表的，因此此项通常被忽略。 | ||
| 图像类型码 | 2 | 1 | 该字段总为 2 ， 这也是此类型为格式 2 的原因。 | ||
| 颜色表规格字段 | 颜色表首址 | 3 | 2 | 颜色表首的入口索引，整型（低位-高位） | 如果颜色表字段为0，则忽略该字段 |
| 颜色表的长度 | 5 | 2 | 颜色表的表项总数，整型（低位-高位） | ||
| 颜色表项位数 | 7 | 1 | 位数（bit），16 代表 16 位 TGA ，24 代表 24 位 TGA ，32 代表 32 位 TGA | ||
| 图像规格字段 | 图像 X 坐标起始位置 | 8 | 2 | 图像左下角 X坐标的整型（低位-高位）值 | |
| 图像 Y 坐标起始位置 | 10 | 2 | 图像左下角 Y坐标的整型（低位-高位）值 | ||
| 图像宽度 | 12 | 2 | 以像素为单位，图像宽度的整型（低位-高位） | ||
| 图像高度 | 14 | 2 | 以像素为单位，图像宽度的整型（低位-高位） | ||
| 图像每像素存储占用位数 | 16 | 1 | 它的值为16，24 或 32 等等。决定了该图像是 TGA 16，TGA24,TGA 32 等等。 | ||
| 图像描述符字节 | 17 | 1 | bits 3-0 - 每像素对应的属性位的位数； 对于TGA 16， 该值为 0 或 1，对于 TGA 24，该值为 0，对于 TGA 32，该值为 8。 bit 4 - 保留，必须为 0 bit 5 - 屏幕起始位置标志 0 = 原点在左下角 1 = 原点在左上角 对于 truevision 图像必须为 0 bits 7-6 - 交叉数据存储标志 00 = 无交叉 01 = 两路奇/偶交叉 10 = 四路交叉 11 = 保留（一般这个字节设为0x00即可） | ||
| 图像信息字段 | 18 | 可变 | 包含一个自由格式的，长度是图像由“图像信息字段”指定。它常常被忽略（即偏移 0 处值为 0 ），注意其最大可以含有 255 个字符。如果需要存储更多信息，可以放在图像数据之后。 | ||
| 颜色表数据 | 可变 | 可变 | 如果颜色表类型为 0，则该域不存在，否则越过该域直接读取图像颜色表规格中描述了每项的字节数，为 2，3，4 之一。 | ||
| 图像数据 | 可变 | 可变 | RGB颜色数据，存放顺序为：BGR(A) | ||
需要注意的是：TGA图像中数据存放的顺序是BGR(A)，而在OpenGL中顺序是RGB(A)，所以在进行纹理生成的时候必须先进行格式的转化。
在OpenGL中只能加载24位或者32位的TGA图像生成纹理。
TGATexture.h定义了一些结构体以及函数声明：
- #ifndef TGATEXTURE_H
- #define TGATEXTURE_H
- #include <GL/glut.h>
- #include <iostream>
- using namespace std;
- //纹理结构体定义
- typedef struct
- {
- GLubyte *imageData;//图像数据
- GLuint bpp;//像素深度
- GLuint width;//图像宽度
- GLuint height;//图像高度
- GLuint texID;//对应的纹理ID
- }TextureImage;
- //加载TGA图像，生成纹理
- bool LoadTGA(TextureImage *texture,char *fileName);
- #endif
#ifndef TGATEXTURE_H
#define TGATEXTURE_H
#include <GL/glut.h>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
//纹理结构体定义
typedef struct
{
GLubyte *imageData;//图像数据
GLuint bpp;//像素深度
GLuint width;//图像宽度
GLuint height;//图像高度
GLuint texID;//对应的纹理ID
}TextureImage;
//加载TGA图像，生成纹理
bool LoadTGA(TextureImage *texture,char *fileName);
#endif- #include "TGATexture.h"
- //加载TGA图像（无压缩格式），生成纹理
- bool LoadTGA(TextureImage *texture, char *filename) // Loads A TGA File Into Memory
- {
- GLubyte TGAheader[12]={0,0,2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}; // Uncompressed TGA Header
- GLubyte TGAcompare[12]; // Used To Compare TGA Header
- GLubyte header[6]; // First 6 Useful Bytes From The Header
- GLuint bytesPerPixel; // Holds Number Of Bytes Per Pixel Used In The TGA File
- GLuint imageSize; // Used To Store The Image Size When Setting Aside Ram
- GLuint temp; // Temporary Variable
- GLuint type=GL_RGBA; // Set The Default GL Mode To RBGA (32 BPP)
- FILE *file = fopen(filename, "rb"); // Open The TGA File
- if( file==NULL || // Does File Even Exist?
- fread(TGAcompare,1,sizeof(TGAcompare),file)!=sizeof(TGAcompare) || // Are There 12 Bytes To Read?
- memcmp(TGAheader,TGAcompare,sizeof(TGAheader))!=0 || // Does The Header Match What We Want?
- fread(header,1,sizeof(header),file)!=sizeof(header)) // If So Read Next 6 Header Bytes
- {
- if (file == NULL) // Did The File Even Exist? *Added Jim Strong*
- return false; // Return False
- else
- {
- fclose(file); // If Anything Failed, Close The File
- return false; // Return False
- }
- }
- texture->width = header[1] * 256 + header[0]; // Determine The TGA Width (highbyte*256+lowbyte)
- texture->height = header[3] * 256 + header[2]; // Determine The TGA Height (highbyte*256+lowbyte)
- //OpenGL中纹理只能使用24位或者32位的TGA图像
- if( texture->width <=0 || // Is The Width Less Than Or Equal To Zero
- texture->height <=0 || // Is The Height Less Than Or Equal To Zero
- (header[4]!=24 && header[4]!=32)) // Is The TGA 24 or 32 Bit?
- {
- fclose(file); // If Anything Failed, Close The File
- return false; // Return False
- }
- texture->bpp = header[4]; // Grab The TGA's Bits Per Pixel (24 or 32)
- bytesPerPixel = texture->bpp/8; // Divide By 8 To Get The Bytes Per Pixel
- imageSize = texture->width*texture->height*bytesPerPixel; // Calculate The Memory Required For The TGA Data
- texture->imageData=(GLubyte *)malloc(imageSize); // Reserve Memory To Hold The TGA Data
- if( texture->imageData==NULL || // Does The Storage Memory Exist?
- fread(texture->imageData, 1, imageSize, file)!=imageSize) // Does The Image Size Match The Memory Reserved?
- {
- if(texture->imageData!=NULL) // Was Image Data Loaded
- free(texture->imageData); // If So, Release The Image Data
- fclose(file); // Close The File
- return false; // Return False
- }
- //RGB数据格式转换，便于在OpenGL中使用
- for(GLuint i=0; i<int(imageSize); i+=bytesPerPixel) // Loop Through The Image Data
- { // Swaps The 1st And 3rd Bytes ('R'ed and 'B'lue)
- temp=texture->imageData[i]; // Temporarily Store The Value At Image Data 'i'
- texture->imageData[i] = texture->imageData[i + 2]; // Set The 1st Byte To The Value Of The 3rd Byte
- texture->imageData[i + 2] = temp; // Set The 3rd Byte To The Value In 'temp' (1st Byte Value)
- }
- fclose (file); // Close The File
- // Build A Texture From The Data
- glGenTextures(1, &texture[0].texID); // Generate OpenGL texture IDs
- glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture[0].texID); // Bind Our Texture
- glTexParameterf(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR); // Linear Filtered
- glTexParameterf(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR); // Linear Filtered
- if (texture[0].bpp==24) // Was The TGA 24 Bits
- {
- type=GL_RGB; // If So Set The 'type' To GL_RGB
- }
- glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, type, texture[0].width, texture[0].height, 0, type, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, texture[0].imageData);
- return true; // Texture Building Went Ok, Return True
- }
#include "TGATexture.h"
//加载TGA图像（无压缩格式），生成纹理
bool LoadTGA(TextureImage *texture, char *filename) // Loads A TGA File Into Memory
{
GLubyte TGAheader[12]={0,0,2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}; // Uncompressed TGA Header
GLubyte TGAcompare[12]; // Used To Compare TGA Header
GLubyte header[6]; // First 6 Useful Bytes From The Header
GLuint bytesPerPixel; // Holds Number Of Bytes Per Pixel Used In The TGA File
GLuint imageSize; // Used To Store The Image Size When Setting Aside Ram
GLuint temp; // Temporary Variable
GLuint type=GL_RGBA; // Set The Default GL Mode To RBGA (32 BPP)
FILE *file = fopen(filename, "rb"); // Open The TGA File
if( file==NULL || // Does File Even Exist?
fread(TGAcompare,1,sizeof(TGAcompare),file)!=sizeof(TGAcompare) || // Are There 12 Bytes To Read?
memcmp(TGAheader,TGAcompare,sizeof(TGAheader))!=0 || // Does The Header Match What We Want?
fread(header,1,sizeof(header),file)!=sizeof(header)) // If So Read Next 6 Header Bytes
{
if (file == NULL) // Did The File Even Exist? *Added Jim Strong*
return false; // Return False
else
{
fclose(file); // If Anything Failed, Close The File
return false; // Return False
}
}
texture->width = header[1] * 256 + header[0]; // Determine The TGA Width (highbyte*256+lowbyte)
texture->height = header[3] * 256 + header[2]; // Determine The TGA Height (highbyte*256+lowbyte)
//OpenGL中纹理只能使用24位或者32位的TGA图像
if( texture->width <=0 || // Is The Width Less Than Or Equal To Zero
texture->height <=0 || // Is The Height Less Than Or Equal To Zero
(header[4]!=24 && header[4]!=32)) // Is The TGA 24 or 32 Bit?
{
fclose(file); // If Anything Failed, Close The File
return false; // Return False
}
texture->bpp = header[4]; // Grab The TGA's Bits Per Pixel (24 or 32)
bytesPerPixel = texture->bpp/8; // Divide By 8 To Get The Bytes Per Pixel
imageSize = texture->width*texture->height*bytesPerPixel; // Calculate The Memory Required For The TGA Data
texture->imageData=(GLubyte *)malloc(imageSize); // Reserve Memory To Hold The TGA Data
if( texture->imageData==NULL || // Does The Storage Memory Exist?
fread(texture->imageData, 1, imageSize, file)!=imageSize) // Does The Image Size Match The Memory Reserved?
{
if(texture->imageData!=NULL) // Was Image Data Loaded
free(texture->imageData); // If So, Release The Image Data
fclose(file); // Close The File
return false; // Return False
}
//RGB数据格式转换，便于在OpenGL中使用
for(GLuint i=0; i<int(imageSize); i+=bytesPerPixel) // Loop Through The Image Data
{ // Swaps The 1st And 3rd Bytes ('R'ed and 'B'lue)
temp=texture->imageData[i]; // Temporarily Store The Value At Image Data 'i'
texture->imageData[i] = texture->imageData[i + 2]; // Set The 1st Byte To The Value Of The 3rd Byte
texture->imageData[i + 2] = temp; // Set The 3rd Byte To The Value In 'temp' (1st Byte Value)
}
fclose (file); // Close The File
// Build A Texture From The Data
glGenTextures(1, &texture[0].texID); // Generate OpenGL texture IDs
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture[0].texID); // Bind Our Texture
glTexParameterf(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR); // Linear Filtered
glTexParameterf(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR); // Linear Filtered
if (texture[0].bpp==24) // Was The TGA 24 Bits
{
type=GL_RGB; // If So Set The 'type' To GL_RGB
}
glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, type, texture[0].width, texture[0].height, 0, type, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, texture[0].imageData);
return true; // Texture Building Went Ok, Return True
}- #include "TGATexture.h"
- TextureImage texture[1];
- GLfloat xRot,yRot,zRot;//control cube's rotation
- int init()
- {
- if(!LoadTGA(&texture[0],"GSK1.tga"))
- return GL_FALSE;
- glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
- glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH);
- glClearColor(0.0f,0.0f,0.0f,0.5f);
- glClearDepth(1.0f);
- glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
- glDepthFunc(GL_LEQUAL);
- glHint(GL_PERSPECTIVE_CORRECTION_HINT,GL_NICEST);
- return GL_TRUE;
- }
- void display()
- {
- glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
- glLoadIdentity();
- glTranslatef(0.0f,0.0f,-5.0f);
- glRotatef(xRot,1.0f,0.0f,0.0f);
- glRotatef(yRot,0.0f,1.0f,0.0f);
- glRotatef(zRot,0.0f,0.0f,1.0f);
- glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D,texture[0].texID);
- glBegin(GL_QUADS);
- // Front Face
- // Bottom Left Of The Texture and Quad
- glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f);
- // Bottom Right Of The Texture and Quad
- glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f( 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f);
- // Top Right Of The Texture and Quad
- glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f( 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
- // Top Left Of The Texture and Quad
- glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
- glEnd();
- glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D,texture[0].texID);
- glBegin(GL_QUADS);
- // Back Face
- // Bottom Right Of The Texture and Quad
- glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f);
- // Top Right Of The Texture and Quad
- glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f);
- // Top Left Of The Texture and Quad
- glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f( 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f);
- // Bottom Left Of The Texture and Quad
- glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f( 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f);
- glEnd();
- glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D,texture[0].texID);
- glBegin(GL_QUADS);
- // Top Face
- // Top Left Of The Texture and Quad
- glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f);
- // Bottom Left Of The Texture and Quad
- glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
- // Bottom Right Of The Texture and Quad
- glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f( 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
- // Top Right Of The Texture and Quad
- glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f( 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f);
- glEnd();
- glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D,texture[0].texID);
- glBegin(GL_QUADS);
- // Bottom Face
- // Top Right Of The Texture and Quad
- glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f);
- // Top Left Of The Texture and Quad
- glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f( 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f);
- // Bottom Left Of The Texture and Quad
- glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f( 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f);
- // Bottom Right Of The Texture and Quad
- glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f);
- glEnd();
- glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D,texture[0].texID);
- glBegin(GL_QUADS);
- // Right face
- // Bottom Right Of The Texture and Quad
- glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f( 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f);
- // Top Right Of The Texture and Quad
- glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f( 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f);
- // Top Left Of The Texture and Quad
- glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f( 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
- // Bottom Left Of The Texture and Quad
- glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f( 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f);
- glEnd();
- glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D,texture[0].texID);
- glBegin(GL_QUADS);
- // Left Face
- // Bottom Left Of The Texture and Quad
- glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f);
- // Bottom Right Of The Texture and Quad
- glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f);
- // Top Right Of The Texture and Quad
- glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
- // Top Left Of The Texture and Quad
- glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f);
- glEnd();
- glutSwapBuffers();
- }
- void reshape(int w,int h)
- {
- if (0 == h)
- h = 1;
- glViewport(0,0,(GLsizei)w,(GLsizei)h);
- glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
- glLoadIdentity();
- gluPerspective(60.0f,(GLfloat)w / (GLfloat)h,1,100);
- glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
- glLoadIdentity();
- }
- void keyboard(unsigned char key,int x,int y)
- {
- switch(key){
- case 'x':
- xRot += 1.0f;
- glutPostRedisplay();
- break;
- case 'y':
- yRot += 1.0f;
- glutPostRedisplay();
- break;
- case 'z':
- zRot += 1.0f;
- glutPostRedisplay();
- break;
- default:
- break;
- }
- }
- int main(int argc,char** argv)
- {
- glutInit(&argc,argv);
- glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_RGB);
- glutInitWindowSize(400,400);
- glutInitWindowPosition(100,100);
- glutCreateWindow("Texture Map");
- init();
- glutDisplayFunc(display);
- glutReshapeFunc(reshape);
- glutKeyboardFunc(keyboard);
- glutMainLoop();
- return 0;
- }
#include "TGATexture.h"
TextureImage texture[1];
GLfloat xRot,yRot,zRot;//control cube's rotation
int init()
{
if(!LoadTGA(&texture[0],"GSK1.tga"))
return GL_FALSE;
glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH);
glClearColor(0.0f,0.0f,0.0f,0.5f);
glClearDepth(1.0f);
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
glDepthFunc(GL_LEQUAL);
glHint(GL_PERSPECTIVE_CORRECTION_HINT,GL_NICEST);
return GL_TRUE;
}
void display()
{
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
glLoadIdentity();
glTranslatef(0.0f,0.0f,-5.0f);
glRotatef(xRot,1.0f,0.0f,0.0f);
glRotatef(yRot,0.0f,1.0f,0.0f);
glRotatef(zRot,0.0f,0.0f,1.0f);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D,texture[0].texID);
glBegin(GL_QUADS);
// Front Face
// Bottom Left Of The Texture and Quad
glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f);
// Bottom Right Of The Texture and Quad
glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f( 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f);
// Top Right Of The Texture and Quad
glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f( 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
// Top Left Of The Texture and Quad
glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
glEnd();
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D,texture[0].texID);
glBegin(GL_QUADS);
// Back Face
// Bottom Right Of The Texture and Quad
glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f);
// Top Right Of The Texture and Quad
glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f);
// Top Left Of The Texture and Quad
glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f( 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f);
// Bottom Left Of The Texture and Quad
glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f( 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f);
glEnd();
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D,texture[0].texID);
glBegin(GL_QUADS);
// Top Face
// Top Left Of The Texture and Quad
glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f);
// Bottom Left Of The Texture and Quad
glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
// Bottom Right Of The Texture and Quad
glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f( 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
// Top Right Of The Texture and Quad
glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f( 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f);
glEnd();
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D,texture[0].texID);
glBegin(GL_QUADS);
// Bottom Face
// Top Right Of The Texture and Quad
glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f);
// Top Left Of The Texture and Quad
glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f( 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f);
// Bottom Left Of The Texture and Quad
glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f( 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f);
// Bottom Right Of The Texture and Quad
glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f);
glEnd();
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D,texture[0].texID);
glBegin(GL_QUADS);
// Right face
// Bottom Right Of The Texture and Quad
glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f( 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f);
// Top Right Of The Texture and Quad
glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f( 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f);
// Top Left Of The Texture and Quad
glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f( 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
// Bottom Left Of The Texture and Quad
glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f( 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f);
glEnd();
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D,texture[0].texID);
glBegin(GL_QUADS);
// Left Face
// Bottom Left Of The Texture and Quad
glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f);
// Bottom Right Of The Texture and Quad
glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f);
// Top Right Of The Texture and Quad
glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
// Top Left Of The Texture and Quad
glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f);
glEnd();
glutSwapBuffers();
}
void reshape(int w,int h)
{
if (0 == h)
h = 1;
glViewport(0,0,(GLsizei)w,(GLsizei)h);
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
glLoadIdentity();
gluPerspective(60.0f,(GLfloat)w / (GLfloat)h,1,100);
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
glLoadIdentity();
}
void keyboard(unsigned char key,int x,int y)
{
switch(key){
case 'x':
xRot += 1.0f;
glutPostRedisplay();
break;
case 'y':
yRot += 1.0f;
glutPostRedisplay();
break;
case 'z':
zRot += 1.0f;
glutPostRedisplay();
break;
default:
break;
}
}
int main(int argc,char** argv)
{
glutInit(&argc,argv);
glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_RGB);
glutInitWindowSize(400,400);
glutInitWindowPosition(100,100);
glutCreateWindow("Texture Map");
init();
glutDisplayFunc(display);
glutReshapeFunc(reshape);
glutKeyboardFunc(keyboard);
glutMainLoop();
return 0;
}
二、压缩TGA图像
其格式如下表：
| 名称 | 偏移 | 长度 | 说明 | ||
| 图像信息字段长度 | 0 | 1 | 本字段是 1 字节无符号整型，指出图像信息字段（ 见本子表的后面 ）长度，其取值范围是 0 到 255 ，当它为 0 时表示没有图像的信息字段。 | ||
| 颜色表类型 | 1 | 1 | 0 表示没有颜色表，1 表示颜色表存在。由于本格式是无颜色表的，因此此项通常被忽略。 | ||
| 图像类型码 | 2 | 1 | 该字段总为 10 ， 这也是此类型为格式 10 的原因。 | ||
| 颜色表规格字段 | 颜色表首址 | 3 | 2 | 颜色表首的入口索引，整型（低位-高位） | 如果颜色表字段为0，则忽略该字段 |
| 颜色表的长度 | 5 | 2 | 颜色表的表项总数，整型（低位-高位） | ||
| 颜色表项位数 | 7 | 1 | 位数（bit），16 代表 16 位 TGA ，24 代表 24 位 TGA ，32 代表 32 位 TGA | ||
| 图像规格字段 | 图像 X 坐标起始位置 | 8 | 2 | 图像左下角 X坐标的整型（低位-高位）值 | |
| 图像 Y 坐标起始位置 | 10 | 2 | 图像左下角 Y坐标的整型（低位-高位）值 | ||
| 图像宽度 | 12 | 2 | 以像素为单位，图像宽度的整型（低位-高位） | ||
| 图像高度 | 14 | 2 | 以像素为单位，图像宽度的整型（低位-高位） | ||
| 图像每像素存储占用位数 | 16 | 1 | 它的值为16，24 或 32 等等。决定了该图像是 TGA 16，TGA24,TGA 32 等等。 | ||
| 图像描述符字节 | 17 | 1 | bits 3-0 - 每像素对应的属性位的位数； 对于TGA 16， 该值为 0 或 1，对于 TGA 24，该值为 0，对于 TGA 32，该值为 8。 bit 4 - 保留，必须为 0 bit 5 - 屏幕起始位置标志 0 = 原点在左下角 1 = 原点在左上角 对于 truevision 图像必须为 0 bits 7-6 - 交叉数据存储标志 00 = 无交叉 01 = 两路奇/偶交叉 10 = 四路交叉 11 = 保留 | ||
| 图像信息字段 | 18 | 可变 | 包含一个自由格式的，长度是图像由“图像信息字段”指定。它常常被忽略（即偏移 0 处值为 0 ），注意其最大可以含有 255 个字符。如果需要存储更多信息，可以放在图像数据之后。 | ||
| 颜色表数据 | 可变 | 可变 | 如果颜色表类型为 0，则该域不存在，否则越过该域直接读取图像颜色表规格中描述了每项的字节数，为 2，3，4 之一。 | ||
| 图像数据 | 可变 | 可变 | 采用RLE压缩后的RGB颜色数据。 | ||
Tga的压缩算法采用了RLE算法，RLE算法的基本思想是将数据分为两大类：
A：连续的不重复字节
B：连续的重复字节
RLE算法应用于RGB格式的图片压缩中，则把数据分为：
A：连续的不重复像素颜色值
B：连续的重复像素颜色值
然后将数据按这两类数据分成若干长度不相等数据块，每个数据块的开始都是一个1个字节长度的header（RLE在纯数据压缩中header位2个字节16位），后面紧跟着data数据块，如下。
| Header（1个字节） | Data（变长） |
每个header的第一位作为标记：0表示A类颜色数据，1表示B类颜色数据。剩下的7位意义如下：
对于A类数据：表示data有多少个像素的RGB颜色值。取值0-127，0表示1个像素，所以最多为128个像素，data块则为这些不重复的像素RGB颜色值。
对于B类数据：表示有多少个像素具有相同的RGB颜色值。取值0-127，0表示1个像素，所以最多为128个像素，data仅包含一个像素的颜色值，即为重复的那个颜色值。
读取其像素数据部分需要注意一下，需要分情况讨论看是A类数据还是B类数据：
- if(m_pImageData) delete []m_pImageData;
- m_pImageData = new unsigned char[m_iImageDataSize];
- int iBytePerPixel = m_iBitsPerPixel/8;
- int iPixelCnt = m_iImageWidth * m_iImageHeight;
- int iCurPixel = 0;
- unsigned char ucColorBuffer[4] = {'/0'};
- do{
- BYTE chunkheader = 0;
- is.read((char*)&chunkheader, sizeof(BYTE));
- //run length data
- if(chunkheader & 0x80)//B类数据
- {
- int iCnt = (chunkheader & 0x7f) + 1;//计算连续的颜色值重复的像素数。注意：最高位的1是标记位，所以要特殊处理
- is.read((char*)ucColorBuffer, iBytePerPixel);
- for(int i = 0; i < iCnt; i++)
- {
- m_pImageData[iCurPixel*iBytePerPixel + 0] = ucColorBuffer[0];
- m_pImageData[iCurPixel*iBytePerPixel + 1] = ucColorBuffer[1];
- m_pImageData[iCurPixel*iBytePerPixel + 2] = ucColorBuffer[2];
- if(m_iBitsPerPixel == 32)
- {
- m_pImageData[iCurPixel*iBytePerPixel + 3] = ucColorBuffer[3];
- }
- iCurPixel++;
- if(iCurPixel > iPixelCnt)
- return false;
- }
- }
- //no processed data
- else//A类数据
- {
- int iCnt = chunkheader + 1;//颜色值不重复的像素数量，注意要加一
- for(int i = 0; i < iCnt; i++)
- {
- is.read((char*)ucColorBuffer, iBytePerPixel);
- m_pImageData[iCurPixel*iBytePerPixel + 0] = ucColorBuffer[0];
- m_pImageData[iCurPixel*iBytePerPixel + 1] = ucColorBuffer[1];
- m_pImageData[iCurPixel*iBytePerPixel + 2] = ucColorBuffer[2];
- if(m_iBitsPerPixel == 32)
- {
- m_pImageData[iCurPixel*iBytePerPixel + 3] = ucColorBuffer[3];
- }
- iCurPixel++;
- if(iCurPixel > iPixelCnt)
- return false;
- }
- }
- }while(iCurPixel < iPixelCnt);
if(m_pImageData) delete []m_pImageData;
m_pImageData = new unsigned char[m_iImageDataSize];
int iBytePerPixel = m_iBitsPerPixel/8;
int iPixelCnt = m_iImageWidth * m_iImageHeight;
int iCurPixel = 0;
unsigned char ucColorBuffer[4] = {'/0'};
do{
BYTE chunkheader = 0;
is.read((char*)&chunkheader, sizeof(BYTE));
//run length data
if(chunkheader & 0x80)//B类数据
{
int iCnt = (chunkheader & 0x7f) + 1;//计算连续的颜色值重复的像素数。注意：最高位的1是标记位，所以要特殊处理
is.read((char*)ucColorBuffer, iBytePerPixel);
for(int i = 0; i < iCnt; i++)
{
m_pImageData[iCurPixel*iBytePerPixel + 0] = ucColorBuffer[0];
m_pImageData[iCurPixel*iBytePerPixel + 1] = ucColorBuffer[1];
m_pImageData[iCurPixel*iBytePerPixel + 2] = ucColorBuffer[2];
if(m_iBitsPerPixel == 32)
{
m_pImageData[iCurPixel*iBytePerPixel + 3] = ucColorBuffer[3];
}
iCurPixel++;
if(iCurPixel > iPixelCnt)
return false;
}
}
//no processed data
else//A类数据
{
int iCnt = chunkheader + 1;//颜色值不重复的像素数量，注意要加一
for(int i = 0; i < iCnt; i++)
{
is.read((char*)ucColorBuffer, iBytePerPixel);
m_pImageData[iCurPixel*iBytePerPixel + 0] = ucColorBuffer[0];
m_pImageData[iCurPixel*iBytePerPixel + 1] = ucColorBuffer[1];
m_pImageData[iCurPixel*iBytePerPixel + 2] = ucColorBuffer[2];
if(m_iBitsPerPixel == 32)
{
m_pImageData[iCurPixel*iBytePerPixel + 3] = ucColorBuffer[3];
}
iCurPixel++;
if(iCurPixel > iPixelCnt)
return false;
}
}
}while(iCurPixel < iPixelCnt);
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