边缘提取和场景分割 学派？

显著性轮廓提取、轮廓编组综述要看的内容（一）Berkeley学派：

http://blog.csdn.net/visionfans/article/details/6243831

Berkeley学派

Jitendra Malik

不用介绍了吧，太大的牛了。如果要介绍起来，可要花不少篇幅了。研究兴趣：分割，知觉组织，纹理，立体视觉，识别等。他带的26个学生都在学术和工业领域有重要影响力。

"Contour Detection and Hierarchical Image Segmentation "

P. Arbelaez, M. Maire, C. Fowlkes, J. Malik

IEEE Trans. on PAMI 2010 (in press)

paper

 

"LearningProbabilistic Models for Contour Completion in Natural Images "

X. Ren, C.C. Fowlkes and J. Malik

International Journal of Computer Vision ,77:47-63, 2008

paper

 

"Local Figure/Ground Cues are Valid for Natural Images, "

C.C. Fowlkes, D.R. Martin, J. Malik

Journal of Vision, 7(8):2, 1-9,http://journalofvision.org/7/8/2/, 2007

paper

 

"Learning to Detect Natural Image Boundaries Using Local Brightness, Color andTexture Cues"

David Martin, Charless Fowlkes and Jitendra Malik

IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 26(5), 530-549, May 2004.

paper

 

"Contour and Texture Analysis for Image Segmentation"

Jitendra Malik, Serge Belongie, Thomas Leung and Jianbo Shi

International Journal of Computer Vision, 43(1),7-27, June 2001.

paper

"NormalizedCuts and Image Segmentation"

Jianbo Shi and Jitendra Malik

IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 22(8), 888-905, August 2000.

Paper

"ImageRecognition: Visual Grouping, Recognition and Learning"

Joachim M. Buhmann, Jitendra Malik and Pietro Perona

Proc. of National Academy of Sciences, 96(25), 14203-14204, Dec 1999.

Paper

Shi Jianbo

又一个华人大牛！是Malik 98年的博士，论文题目是：PerceptualOrganization and Image Segmentation，做的是Normalized Cuts。N-Cuts也奠定了他在视觉学术领域谱聚类算法研究方面的地位。在卡耐基梅隆做过研究，现在是宾夕法尼亚大学A.P.。

研究兴趣是：识别、分割、行为分析。现在做的偏向高层了。

他相信，grouping是感知的通用计算引擎，如何指导grouping过程来达到特定的视觉任务是他们关心的问题。

重点看http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~jshi/grouping-thoughts.html。虽然没有特别考虑contour，但看Shi的团队在grouping问题上根本思想是什么，并且将其思想用在contour上是很有意义的，也是可能创新的地方所在。

Image Segmentation and Normalized Cuts

Top-downconstraints:

Segmentation GivenPartial Grouping Constraints

Stella X. Yu and Jianbo Shi

IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence,26(2):173-83, 2004

Apreliminary version appeared as:

Grouping with Bias

Stella X. Yu and Jianbo Shi

Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS'01), Vancouver, BC,December 3-5, 2001

 

Multi-classspectral graph partitioning:

Multiclass SpectralClustering

Stella X. Yu and Jianbo Shi

International Conference on Computer Vision, Nice, France, 11-17Oct 2003

 

Randomwalk view of segmentation, and learning spectral graph partitioning:

LearningSegmentation with Random Walk

Marina Maila and Jianbo Shi

Neural Information Processing Systems, NIPS, 2001

 

A Random Walks Viewof Spectral Segmentation

Marina Maila and Jianbo Shi

AI and STATISTICS 2001(AISTATS) 2001

 

Graphwith negative weights, and asymmetric weights:

UnderstandingPopout through Repulsion

Stella X. Yu and Jianbo Shi

IEEE Conf. On Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), Kauai, Hawaii,December 11-13, 2001

 

Segmentationwith Directed Relationships

Stella X. Yu and Jianbo Shi

Third International Workshop on Energy Minimization Methods in ComputerVision and Pattern Recognition(EMMCVPR'01 ), INRIASophia-Antipolis, France,September 3 - 5, 2001

 

Segmentationwith Pairwise Attraction and Repulsion

Stella X. Yu and Jianbo Shi

International Conference on Computer Vision(ICCV), 2001

 

NomalizedCuts for Image segmentation:

Contour andTexture Analysis for Image Segmentation

Jitendra Malik Serge Belongie Thomas Leung and Jianbo Shi

International Journal of Computer Vision 2001

Apreliminary version appeared as

Textons,Contours and Regions: Cue Integration in Image Segmentation

Jitendra Malik Serge Belongie Thomas Leung and Jianbo Shi

Int. Conf. Computer Vision, Sept 1999(ICCV), Corfu, Greece,1999

 

Normalized Cutsand Image Segmentation

Jianbo Shi and Jitendra Malik

IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence(PAMI)2000

Apreliminary version appeared as

Normalized Cuts andImage Segmentation

Jianbo Shi and Jitendra Malik

IEEE Conf. Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition(CVPR), June1997, Puerto Rico

 

Self InducingRelational Distance and its Application to Image Segmentation

Jianbo Shi and Jitendra Malik

In Fifth European Conference on Computer Vision(ECCV), June 1998

Charless C. Fowlkes

原来在UC Berkeley，现在UC Irvine。05年博士毕业，论文题目是：Measuringthe Ecological Validity of Grouping and Figure-Ground Cues。做的是buttom-up的segmentation跟top-down的recognition相结合方面的研究。brightness、color、texture，这些visual cues都有研究。这也是UC学派的典型研究特点。

 

P.Arbelaez, M. Maire, C. Fowlkes, J. Malik, "Contour Detection andHierarchical Image Segmentation", TPAMI,in press (2010) [pdf] [webpage]

J.Burge, C. Fowlkes, M. Banks, ``Natural-scene statistics predict how thefigure-ground cue of convexity affects human depth perception'', Journal ofNeuroscience, 30(21):7269-7280 [pdf] [supplement]

X.Ren, C. Fowlkes, J. Malik. "Learning Probabilistic Models for ContourCompletion in Natural Images", IJCV(2008), 77:47-63. [pdf]

C. Fowlkes, D. Martin, J. Malik. "LocalFigure/Ground Cues are Valid for Natural Images" Journal ofVision, 7(8):2, 1-9. [pdf] [dataset]

X. Ren, C. Fowlkes, J. Malik. "Figure/GroundAssignment in Natural Images", ECCV,Graz, Austria, (May 2006). [pdf]

X. Ren, C. Fowlkes, J. Malik. "Cue Integration forFigure/Ground Labeling", NIPS, Vancouver, Canada, (Dec.2005). [pdf]

X. Ren, C. Fowlkes, J. Malik. "Scale-InvariantContour Completion using Conditional Random Fields", ICCV,Beijing, China, (Oct. 2005). [pdf]

X. Ren, C. Fowlkes, J. Malik. "Mid-level CuesImprove Boundary Detection", Technical Report CSD-05-1382, Division ofComputer Science, University of California, Berkeley,(March 2005). [pdf]

C. Fowlkes "A Note on Planar Factor Graphs",(Oct. 2004). [pdf]

C. Fowlkes, J. Malik. "How Much Does GlobalizationHelp Segmentation?", Technical Report CSD-04-1340, Division of ComputerScience, University of California, Berkeley,(July 2004). [pdf]

D. Martin, C. Fowlkes, J. Malik. "Learning to DetectNatural Image Boundaries Using Local Brightness, Color and Texture Cues", TPAMI 26 (5) p.530-549 [pdf]

C. Fowlkes, D. Martin, J. Malik. "Learning AffinityFunctions for Image Segmentation: Combining Patch-based and Gradient-basedApproaches", CVPR, Madison, WI, (June 2003). [pdf]

D. Martin, C. Fowlkes, J. Malik. "Learning to DetectNatural Image Boundaries Using Brightness and Texture", NIPS, Vancouver,(Dec 2002). [pdf]

Ren Xiaofeng

本科是在浙大读的，06年从berkeley博士毕业，师从大牛Jitendra Malik，所以，是Fowlkes的师弟。博士论文是：Probabilistic Models for Mid-Level Vision。现在是华盛顿大学的affiliate A.P.(不知道跟A.P.有何不同)，西雅图Intel实验室的研究科学家。

研究兴趣包括图像特征、编组、分割，目标识别，食品分析。现在做的是RGB-D数据（kinect hacking）的利用。做过视频中行人的检测跟踪，目标轮廓提取，superpixel。

· Multi-ScaleImproves Boundary Detection in Natural Images.   [abstract][pdf]

  Xiaofeng Ren,in ECCV'08, Marseille, 2008.

·  Local Grouping for Optical Flow.  [abstract][pdf]

  Xiaofeng Ren,in CVPR '08,Anchorage,2008.

·  Tracking as Repeated Figure/GroundSegmentation.   [abstract][pdf][ps][bibtex][video]

  Xiaofeng Renand JitendraMalik, in CVPR '07, Minneapolis 2007.

·  Figure/Ground Assignment in Natural Images.  [abstract][pdf][ps][bibtex]

  Xiaofeng Ren, CharlessFowlkes and Jitendra Malik, in ECCV '06,volume 2, pages 614-627, Graz 2006.

·  Learning Probabilistic Models for ContourCompletion in Natural Images.   [pdf]

  Xiaofeng Ren, CharlessFowlkes and Jitendra Malik, in IJCV Special Issue onMachine Learning for Vision, May 2008.

·  Cue Integration in Figure/Ground Labeling.  [abstract][pdf][bibtex]

  Xiaofeng Ren, CharlessFowlkes and Jitendra Malik, in NIPS'05, Vancouver 2005.

·  Scale-InvariantContour Completion using Conditional Random Fields.   [abstract][pdf][ps][bibtex]

 Xiaofeng Ren, Charless Fowlkes and JitendraMalik, in ICCV '05, volume 2, pages 1214-1221, Beijing2005.

·  FamiliarConfiguration Enables Figure/Ground Assignment in Natural Scenes.  [abstract][poster][bibtex]

 Xiaofeng Ren, Charless Fowlkes and JitendraMalik, in VSS 05, Sarasota, FL 2005.

·  Mid-levelCues Improve Boundary Detection.   [abstract][pdf][ps][bibtex]

 Xiaofeng Ren, Charless Fowlkes and JitendraMalik, BerkeleyTechnical Report 05-1382, CSD 2005.

·  TheEcological Statistics of Good Continuation: Multi-scale Markov Models forContours.   [abstract][talk][bibtex]

 Xiaofeng Ren and Jitendra Malik, in VSS 02,Sarasota, FL2002.

·  AProbabilistic Multi-scale Model for Contour Completion Based on ImageStatistics.   [abstract][pdf][ps][bibtex]

 Xiaofeng Ren and Jitendra Malik, in ECCV '02,volume 1, pages 312-327, Copenhagen 2002.

Michael Maire

09年从berkeley毕业，师从JitendraMalik，博士论文题目：ContourDetection and Image Segmentation。现在在加州理工学院ComputerVision Lab做博士后。

【gPb分割算法】Using Contours to Detect and Localize Junctions in Natural Images

Michael Maire, PabloArbelaez, Charless Fowlkes, and Jitendra Malik,Computer Vision and PatternRecognition (CVPR), 2008.[PDF] [Slides][Software][Code]

Stella Yu

在卡耐基梅隆读的博士。ShiJianbo 03的博士学生，博士题目是：Computational Models of PerceptualOrganization。从CMU毕业后到Berkeley做博士后，05年到波士顿大学做A.P.。从事谱聚类方法用于图像分割方向的研究。

我对她的Multiscale边缘检测感兴趣。另外，Groupingwith bias，Grouping with repulsion这些都是谱聚类的方法，看看吧，看能不能用得上。

显著性轮廓提取、轮廓编组综述要看的内容（二）Stochastic Completion Fields学派

： http://blog.csdn.net/visionfans/article/details/6252015

Stochastic Completion Fields学派

97年提出来后来好像没啥发展了。。。

David W. Jacobs

92年从MIT博士毕业，师从Eric Grimson。现在是Maryland大学的A.P.。关注的问题是图像中目标的识别，知觉组织方面研究的大牛，做了很多知觉组织方面计算的和心理学方面的研究。知觉组织干的事情是，如何在识别目标前就将目标标记出来。Jacobs认为，知觉组织是识别所必须的过程，他做了研究展示二者的结合。

Perceptual Organization

· D. Jacobs, ``What Makes Viewpoint Invariant Properties Perceptually Salient?'', JOSA (A), 2003.

· Z. Liu, D. Jacobs, R. Basri ``The role of convexity in perceptual completion -- beyond good continuation''. Vision Research 39: 4244-4257, 1999. 

· D. Jacobs, ``Robust and Efficient Detection of Convex Groups'', IEEE Trans. PAMI, 18(1):23-37, 1996. Copyright (c) 1996 by IEEE.

· L. Williams, and D. Jacobs ``Local Parallel Computation of Stochastic Completion Fields'' ,  Neural Computation, 9(4):859-881, 1997.  

· L. Williams and D. Jacobs ``Stochastic Completion Fields: A Neural Model of Illusory Contour Shape and Salience'' , Neural Computation, 9(4):837-858, 1997. 

Lance R. Williams

94年，马萨诸塞州大学博士毕业，题目是：Perceptual Completion of Occluded Surfaces。在NEC研究中心做过博士后，现在是新墨西哥大学的A.P.。跟Jacobs应该是在NEC的时候是好哥们儿，随机完全场的理论也是他们那个期间提出来的。现在在学术领域已经不活跃了。

Zweck, J.W. and L.R. Williams, Euclidean Group Invariant Computation of Stochastic Completion Fields Using Shiftable-Twistable Functions, Journal of Mathematical Imaging and Vision 21(2), pp. 135-154, 2004.

Mahamud, S., Williams, L.R., Thornber, K.K. and K. Xu, Segmentation of Multiple Salient Closed Contours from Real Images, IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 25(4), pp. 433-444, 2003.

Williams, L.R. and K.K. Thornber, Orientation, Scale, and Discontinuity as Emergent Properties of Illusory Contour Shape, Neural Computation 13(8), pp. 1683-1711, 2001.

Thornber, K.K. and L.R. Williams, Characterizing the Distribution of Completion Shapes with Corners Using a Mixture of Random Processes, Pattern Recognition 33, pp. 543-553, 2000.

Williams, L.R., Zweck, J.W., Wang, T. and K.K. Thornber, Computing Stochastic Completion Fields in Linear-Time Using a Resolution Pyramid, Computer Vision and Image Understanding 76(3), pp. 289-297, 1999.

Williams, L.R. and K.K. Thornber, A Comparison of Measures for Detecting Natural Shapes in Cluttered Backgrounds, Intl. Journal of Computer Vision 34 (2/3), pp. 81-96, 1999.

Williams, L.R. and D.W. Jacobs, Local Parallel Computation of Stochastic Completion Fields, Neural Computation 9(4), pp. 859-881, 1997.

Williams, L.R. and D.W. Jacobs, Stochastic Completion Fields: A Neural Model of Illusory Contour Shape and Salience, Neural Computation 9(4), pp. 837-858, 1997.

Thornber, K.K. and L.R. Williams, Analytic Solution of Stochastic Completion Fields, Biological Cybernetics 75, pp. 141-151, 1996.

Williams, L.R. and A.R. Hanson, Perceptual Completion of Occluded Surfaces, Computer Vision and Image Understanding 64(1), pp. 1-20, 1996.

他还有一个硕士学生，也做显著性闭合轮廓，硕士论文题目是：Improved Segmentation of Salient Closed Contours。

Shyjan Mahamud

02年从CMU博士毕业，题目是Discriminative Distance Measures for Object Detection。研究兴趣是目标识别，知觉组织，机器学习，Structure from Motion。貌似现在已近不在学术界了。

在我所关注的contour grouping方面的研究，还是基于Jacobs和Williams在97年提出的Stochastic Completion Fields。

Segmentation of Salient Closed Contours from Real Images

S. Mahamud, K.K. Thornber and L.R. Williams,

IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV),

Korfu, Greece, September 1999.

Segmentation of Multiple Salient Closed Contours from Real Images

Shyjan Mahamud, Lance R. Williams, Karvel K. Thornber and Kanglin Xu,

IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence,

Vol. 25(4), April 2003.

Tensor Voting学派

Gérard Medioni

这个也是大牛了，在Microsoft Academic上索引数量达到3559。

83年南加州大学博士毕业，现在是南加州大学计算机与工程学院教授，01-07年是南加州大学计算机学院的Chairman。

他是Tensor Voting方法的始祖，从95年跟他的学生Gideon Guy一起提出Tensor Voting的雏形，经过十几年的发展，现在Tensor Voting方法的数学模型已经很成熟了，而且，Tensor Voting方法在视觉的众多领域都有广泛应用。Tensor Voting方面已经出了三本专著，Tensor Voting，Emerging Topics in Computer Vision，A Computational Framework for Segmentation and Grouping。

Gerard确实在十几年锲而不舍的打造Tensor Voting方法，有几个学生很好的继承并且发扬了Tensor Voting方法，

98年的博士生Min-Suen Lee，Tensor Voting for Salient Feature Inference in Computer Vision；

2000年的博士生Chi-Keung (CK) Tang，Tensor Voting in Computer Vision, Visualization, and Higher Dimensional Inferences；

03年的博士Mircea Nicolescu，A Voting-Based Computational Framework for Visual Motion Analysis and Interpretation。

05年的博士Philippos Mordohai，A Perceptual Organization Approach for Figure Completion, Binocular and Multiple-View Stereo and Machine Learning using Tensor Voting。

图书章节：

• G. Medioni and P. Mordohai, "Saliency in Computer Vision",

In Neurobiology of attention

Edited by L. Itti, G. Rees, and J. Tsotsos, Elsevier Science, 2005

• G. Medioni, P. Mordohai, and M. Nicolescu, "The Tensor Voting Framework",

In Handbook of Geometric Computing : Applications in Pattern Recognition,

Edited by Computer Vision, E. Bayro-Corrochano, Neuralcomputing, and Robotics,

Springer-Verlag, 2005

• G. Medioni and P. Mordohai, "The Tensor Voting Framework",

Emerging Topics in Computer Vision,

Edited by S.B. Kang and G. Medioni , Prentice Hall, 2004

• G. Medioni and P. Mordohai, "Saliency in Computer Vision",

Neurobiology of Attention,

Edited by L. Itti, G. Rees, and J. Tsotsos , Elsevier Science, 2004

• C.K. Tang and G. Medioni, “Tensor Voting and Visual Segmentation”,

The Handbook of Brain Theory and Neural Networks: The Second Edition

Edited by Michael A. Arbib, 2003

• G. Medioni, P. Mordohai and M. Nicolescu, "The Tensor Voting Framework",

Handbook of Computational Geometry for Pattern Recognition,

Computer Vision, Neurocomputing and Robotics,

Edited by Eduardo Bayro-Corrochano, Springer-Verlag ,2003.

Gerard的论文有250多篇，看是看不完的，挑几个重要期刊上发表的看吧。

Nicolescu M, Medioni G., "A voting-based computational framework for visual motion analysis and interpretation." IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell. 2005 May;27(5):739-752

C.K. Tang, G. Medioni, P. Mordohai and W.S. Tong, "First Order Augmentations to Tensor Voting for Boundary Inference and Multiscale Analysis in 3-D", in IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, Volume: 26, Issue: 5, pp. 594-611 May 2004

M. Nicolescu and G. Medioni, "Perceptual Grouping from Motion Cues - A 4-D Voting Approach", IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence , Special Issue on Perceptual Organization in Computer Vision, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 492-501, April 2003

P. Havaldar, G. Medioni and F. Stein, "Perceptual Grouping for Generic Recognition", International Journal of Computer Vision and Image Understanding, vol. 20, no. 1/2, pp. 59-80, 1996

G. Gideon and G. Medioni, "Inferring Global Perceptual Contours from Local Features", International Journal of Computer Vision and Image Understanding, vol. 20, no. 1/2, pp. 113-133, 1996

Philippos Mordohai

Philippos Mordohai在Gerard的学生中现在是Tensor Voting研究最活跃的。05年从南加州大学博士毕业，现在是史蒂文斯理工学院的A.P.。

P. Mordohai and G. Medioni, "Tensor Voting: A Perceptual Organization Approach to Computer Vision And Machine Learning", A.C. Bovik (editor), Synthesis Lectures on Image, Video, and Multimedia Processing, Morgan & Claypool, 136 pages, November, 2006

P. Mordohai, "A Perceptual Organization Approach for Figure Completion, Binocular and Multiple-View Stereo and Machine Learning using Tensor Voting", Ph.D. Thesis, August, 2005

Probabilistic学派(主要是York 大学)

Steve W. Zucker

Yale大牛。在CMU读的书，Maryland做的博士后。96年前是McGrill大学的Professor，研究AI和Robotics，96年到耶鲁大学任教授，是大卫&露西帕卡德基金名誉教授。

研究范畴很广，包括Edge，Curve，Stereo，Texture，Color，Shape，Surface，Shading and lighting，计算神经学，视觉心理学，知觉组织，Relaxation labeling，Geometric Harmonics等。

Perceptual Organization

• Dubuc, B., and Zucker, S.W., Complexity, Confusion, and Perceptual Grouping. Part I: the curve like representation, Int. J. of Computer Vision, 42(1/2): 55-82, 2001; reprinted in J. Math. Imaging and Vision, 15(1/2): 55-82, 2001.
• Dubuc, B., and Zucker, S.W., Complexity, Confusion, and Perceptual Grouping. Part II: mapping complexity, Int. J. of Computer Vision, 42(1/2): 83-115, 2001; reprinted in J. Math. Imaging and Vision, 15 (1/2): 83-115, 2001.
• Elder, J., and Zucker, S.W., Computing Contour Closure, in B. Buxton and R. Cipolla (eds), ECCV'96 (Proc. Fourth European Conf. on Computer Vision, Cambridge, U.K., April 1996), Vol. 1: 399-412, Springer-Verlag, LNCS 1064, 1996.
• August, J., Siddiqi, K., and Zucker, S.W., Ligature Instabilities in the Perceptual Organization of Shape, Computer Vision and Image Understanding, 76(3): 231-243.
• August, J., Siddiqi, K., and Zucker, S.W., Contour Fragment Grouping and Shared, Simple Occluders, Computer Vision and Image Understanding, 76(2): 146-162, 1999.
• Elder, J., and Zucker, S.W., The Effect of Contour Closure on the Rapid Discrimination of Two-Dimensional Shapes, Vision Research, 33(7): 981-991, 1993.

§ David, C., and Zucker, S.W., Potentials, Valleys, and Dynamic Global Coverings, International Journal of Computer Vision, 5(3): 219-238, 1990.

James H. Elder

在McGill大学电子工程学院读的硕士和博士，硕士题目是Contour closure and the perception of shape。博士师从大牛Steven W. Zucker。95年毕业，题目是The visual computation of bounding contours。毕业后在NEC研究中心干过，现在是York大学的A.P.。

从他硕士和博士的论文题目看，他在获取图像闭合轮廓方面做了很长时间的研究，要看的Elder的论文也比较多。

Journal Articles (Refereed)

Elder, J.H., Prince, S.J.D., Hou, Y., Sizintsev, M. & Olevskiy, E. (2007) Pre-attentive and attentive detection of humans in wide-field scenes, International Journal of Computer Vision, vol. 72, no. 1, 47-66.

Reprint (pdf)

Elder, J.H. & Sachs, A.J. (2004) Psychophysical receptive fields of edge detection mechanisms, Vision Research, vol. 44, no. 8, 795-813.

Reprint (pdf)

Elder, J.H., Krupnik, A. & Johnston, L.A. (2003) Contour grouping with prior models, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 25, no. 25, 661-674.

Reprint (pdf)

Elder, J.H., & Goldberg, R. M. (2002). Ecological statistics of Gestalt laws for the perceptual organization of contours. Journal of Vision, 2(4), 324-353, http://journalofvision.org/2/4/5/, DOI 10.1167/2.4.5.

Reprint (pdf)

Elder, J.H. & Goldberg, R.M. (2001). Image editing in the contour domain. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 23, no. 3, 291-296.

Reprint (pdf)

Elder, J.H. (1999) Are edges incomplete? International Journal of Computer Vision, vol. 34, no. 2/3, 97-122.

Reprint (pdf)

Elder, J.H. & Zucker, S.W. (1998). Local scale control for edge detection and blur estimation. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 20, no. 7, 699-716.

Reprint (pdf)

Elder, J.H. & Zucker, S.W. (1998). Evidence for boundary-specific grouping in human vision. Vision Research, vol. 38, no. 1, 143-152.

Reprint (pdf)

Elder, J.H. & Zucker, S.W. (1994). A measure of closure. Vision Research, vol. 34, no. 24, 3361-3370

Reprint (pdf)

Elder, J.H. & Zucker, S.W. (1993). The effect of contour closure on the rapid discrimination of two-dimensional shapes. Vision Research, vol. 33, no. 7, 981-991.

Reprint (pdf)

Francisco J. Estrada

在新闻聚合公司Thoora，瑞士洛桑理工大学的视觉小组，York大学视觉研究中心的ElderLab干过，期间跟James Elder一起做过Multi-scale的Contour Extraction。现在是加拿大多伦多大学的Computational Vision Group。

Ÿ Adaptive methods for boundary detection

http://www.cs.utoronto.ca/~strider/publications/POCV_adaptive.pdf

Ÿ Probabilistic inference, algorithms based on natural scene statistics

http://www.cs.utoronto.ca/~strider/publications/POCV_multiscale.pdf

http://www.cs.utoronto.ca/~strider/MultiScaleGroup.mpg

Ÿ Feature-point and patch-based clustering by appearance

http://www.cs.utoronto.ca/~strider/publications/CVPR09_ABKC.pdf

http://www.cs.utoronto.ca/~strider/KeypointClusters.mov

Vida Movahedi

Jmaes H. Elder的学生，09年博士毕业（Quality Examination），题目是Contour Grouping。没有什么算法上的贡献，只是给Contour Grouping提出了一种评估方法，可供Survey的评估这部分参考。

Michael Lindenbaum

以色列理工大学，研究兴趣集中在分析和预测视觉处理方法的性能，跟通常实验性的方法不同，Michael倾向于建立统计学模型来分析。

A. Amir and M. Lindenbaum, Quantitative Analysis of Grouping Processes. IEEE Trans. on PAMI-20, No. 2, pp. 168-185, 1998. (A shorter version appeared in ECCV, pp. 371-384, 1996.)

A. Berengolts and M. Lindenbaum, On the Performance of Connected Components Grouping . IJCV 41(3), pp. 195-216, 2001.

M. Lindenbaum and A. Berengolts, A Probabilistic Interpretation of the Saliency Network . ECCV, vol. II, pp. 257-272, 2000.

A. Berengolts and M. Lindenbaum, On the Distribution of Saliency . CVPR (2), pp. 543-549, 2004.

E.A. Engbers, M. Lindenbaum and A.W.M. Smeulders, An Information-Based Measure for Grouping Quality. ECCV (3), pp. 392-404, 2004

Ratio Cut学派

Song Wang

南卡罗来纳大学——哥伦比亚分校(USCC)，A.P.。研究范畴包括计算机诗视觉，医学图像处理，机器学习。USC Computer Vision Lab的头儿，2010年CVPR workshop POCV Chair。

Ratio-Cut是轮廓编组比较有名的一个重要算法，是Wang Song跟J. M. Siskind在01年提出的，03年发到PAMI上。我擦，Wang Song的Ratio-Cut刚刚提出来的时候也只是用于Segmentation，并没有用于Contour Grouping。后来，往Contour Grouping上一迁移，又发了篇PAMI！

后期CG相关的文章都是跟Joachim S. Stahl一起发的，Convex Grouping，结合region和boundary信息。

o S. Wang, J. M. Siskind. Image Segmentation with Minimum Mean Cut, IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), I:517-524, Vancouver, Canada, 2001 (PDF)

o S. Wang, J. M. Siskind. Image Segmentation with Ratio Cut, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 25(6):675-690, 2003 (PDF)

o S. Wang, T. Kubota, J. M. Siskind. Salient Boundary Detection Using Ratio Contour, Neural Information Processing Systems Conference (NIPS), 1571-1578, Vancouver, Canada, 2003 (PDF)

o S. Wang, J. Wang, T. Kubota. From Fragments to Salient Closed Boundaries: An In-Depth Study, IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), I:291-298, Washington, DC, 2004 (PDF)

o S. Wang, T. Kubota, J. M. Siskind, J. Wang. Salient Closed Boundary Extraction with Ratio Contour,  IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 27(4):546-561, 2005 (PDF)

o J. S. Stahl, S. Wang. Convex Grouping Combining Boundary and Region Information, IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), II:946-953, Beijing, China, 2005 (PDF)

o J. S. Stahl, S. Wang, Globally Optimal Grouping for Symmetric Boundaries, IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), I:1030-1037, New York, NY, 2006 (PDF)

o S. Wang, J. S. Stahl, A. Bailey, M. Dropps. Global Detection of Salient Convex Boundaries, International Journal of Computer Vision, 71(3):337-359, 2007 (PDF)

o J. S. Stahl, S. Wang. Edge Grouping Combining Boundary and Region Information, IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 16(10):2590-2606, 2007 (PDF)

o J. S. Stahl, K. Oliver, S. Wang. Open Boundary Capable Edge Grouping with Feature Maps, IEEE Computer Society Workshop on Perceptual Organization in Computer Vision (POCV), Anchorage, AK, 2008 (PDF)

o J. S. Stahl, S. Wang. Globally Optimal Grouping for Symmetric Closed Boundaries by Combining Boundary and Region Information, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 30(3):395-411, 2008 (PDF)

Joachim S. Stahl

USC Computer Vision Lab 08年的博士，题目是：Combining Boundary and Region Information for Perceptual Organization。04-08在USC当助教，现在是克拉克森大学的A.P.。研究集中于图像分割，知觉组织，编组。

J. S. Stahl "Edge Grouping for Detecting Salient Boundaries with Sharp Corners", Indian International Conference on Artificial Intelligence - IICAI , pp. 2237-2248, 2009

J. S. Stahl, K. Oliver, S. Wang. "Open Boundary Capable Edge Grouping with Feature Maps", IEEE Computer Society Workshop on Perceptual Organization in Computer Vision (POCV), Anchorage, AK, June 2008. (PDF)

J. S. Stahl, S.Wang, "Globally Optimal Grouping for Symmetric Closed Boundaries by Combining Boundary and Region Information" IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence (TPAMI), vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 395-411, March 2008. (PDF)

J. S. Stahl, S. Wang. "Edge Grouping Combining Boundary and Region Information", IEEE Transactions on Image Processing (TIP), vol. 16, no. 10, pp. 2590-2606, October 2007. (PDF 11 MB!)

S. Wang, J. S. Stahl, A. Bailey, M. Dropps. "Global Detection of Salient Convex Boundaries", International Journal of Computer Vision (IJCV), vol. 71, no. 3, pp. 337-359, March 2007. (PDF)

J. S. Stahl, S. Wang. "Globally Optimal Grouping for Symmetric Boundaries", IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), vol. 1, pp. 1030-1037, New York, NY, 2006. (PDF)

J. S. Stahl, S. Wang. "Convex Grouping Combining Boundary and Region Information", IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), vol. 2, pp. 946-953, Beijing, China, 2005. (PDF)