B开头的词根词缀：be+bene+bi+by

be

12、be-
① 构成动词，表示"使…成为"
beguile欺骗（be+guile欺骗）
belie掩盖（be+lie说慌）
bequeath遗留给，传下（be+queath要求→要求给某人→遗留给）
besiege围攻(be+siege包围→包围起来)
beware注意（be+ware注意）
befriend友好对待（be+friend朋友）
befool欺骗（be+fool笨蛋→使人成笨蛋→欺骗别人）
befall降临；发生（be+fall掉下→掉下来→发生）
belittle小看(be+little小→小看人)
bewilder使…迷惑（be+wilder迷惑）
② 构成一些介词
before在前面（be+fore前面）
beneath在下面（be+neath下面）

bene

13、bene- 表示"善，好"
benewolent好意的（bene+vol意愿+ent→好意的）
benefaction好事；恩惠（bene+fact做+ion→好事）
benefit好处，利益（bene+fit做→做事后的好处→利益）
benediction祝福（bene+dict说+ion→说好话）
beneficent仁慈的，善行的（bene+fic做+ent→做好事的）

bi

14、bi-表示"两个，两"
biweekly双周刊（bi+week星期+ly→两星期）
bilingual双语种的（bi+lingu语言+al→双语的）
biennial两年一次的（bi+enn年+ial→两年〔一次〕的）
biannual一年两次的（bi+ann[年]+ual→一年两次的）

by

15、by-表示"在旁边，副的"
byproduct副产品（by+product产品）
byroad辅路（by+road路）
byway小道（by+way小路）
bygone过时的（by+gone过去的）
bypass旁路；忽略（by+pass通过→从旁边通过→忽略）
by work副业（by+work工作）

Old English be- (unstressed) or bi (stressed) “near, in, by, during, about,”
from Proto-Germanic *bi “around, about,”
in compounds often merely intensive (source also of Old Saxon and Old Frisian bi “by, near,” Middle Dutch bie, Dutch bij,
German bei “by, at, near,” Gothic bi “about”), from PIE *bhi, reduced form of root *ambhi- “around.”

As an adverb by c. 1300, “near, close at hand.”

OED (2nd ed. print) has 38 distinct definitions of it as a preposition. Originally an adverbial particle of place, which sense survives in place names (Whitby, Grimsby, etc., also compare rudesby). Elliptical use for “secondary course” was in Old English (opposed to main, as in byway, also compare by-blow “illegitimate child,” 1590s, Middle English loteby “a concubine,” from obsolete lote “to lurk, lie hidden”). This also is the sense of the second by in the phrase by the by (1610s).

By the way literally means “along the way” (c. 1200), hence “in passing by,” used figuratively to introduce a tangential observation (“incidentally”) by 1540s. To swear by something or someone is in Old English, perhaps originally “in the presence of.” Phrase by and by (early 14c.) originally meant “one by one,” with by apparently denoting succession; modern sense of “before long” is from 1520s.

By and large “in all its length and breadth” (1660s) originally was nautical, “sailing to the wind and off it,” hence “in one direction then another;” from nautical expression large wind, one that crosses the ship’s line in a favorable direction.