前言
本文参考各网站大佬的各种总结讲解，在此致谢。
针对程序我自己不明白不清楚的部分等，做注释。
仅供学习，如果有错误的地方，请大家指点指点。
1. vins-mono预积分代码注释
/vins_mono/vins_estimator/src/factor/integration_base.h
#pragma once
#include "../utility/utility.h"
#include "../parameters.h"
#include <ceres/ceres.h>
using namespace Eigen;
class IntegrationBase
{
public:
IntegrationBase() = delete;
IntegrationBase(const Eigen::Vector3d &_acc_0, const Eigen::Vector3d &_gyr_0,
const Eigen::Vector3d &_linearized_ba, const Eigen::Vector3d &_linearized_bg)
: acc_0{_acc_0}, gyr_0{_gyr_0}, linearized_acc{_acc_0}, linearized_gyr{_gyr_0},
linearized_ba{_linearized_ba}, linearized_bg{_linearized_bg},
jacobian{Eigen::Matrix<double, 15, 15>::Identity()}, covariance{Eigen::Matrix<double, 15, 15>::Zero()},
sum_dt{0.0}, delta_p{Eigen::Vector3d::Zero()}, delta_q{Eigen::Quaterniond::Identity()}, delta_v{Eigen::Vector3d::Zero()}
// delta p 是公式里面 α delta_q γ delta_v β
{
noise = Eigen::Matrix<double, 18, 18>::Zero();
noise.block<3, 3>(0, 0) = (ACC_N * ACC_N) * Eigen::Matrix3d::Identity();
noise.block<3, 3>(3, 3) = (GYR_N * GYR_N) * Eigen::Matrix3d::Identity();
noise.block<3, 3>(6, 6) = (ACC_N * ACC_N) * Eigen::Matrix3d::Identity();
noise.block<3, 3>(9, 9) = (GYR_N * GYR_N) * Eigen::Matrix3d::Identity();
noise.block<3, 3>(12, 12) = (ACC_W * ACC_W) * Eigen::Matrix3d::Identity();
noise.block<3, 3>(15, 15) = (GYR_W * GYR_W) * Eigen::Matrix3d::Identity();
}
void push_back(double dt, const Eigen::Vector3d &acc, const Eigen::Vector3d &gyr) // 时间戳、当前时刻加速度计的值、当前时刻陀螺仪的值（角速度）
{
// 相关时间差和传感器数据保留，方便后续repropagate
dt_buf.push_back(dt);
acc_buf.push_back(acc);
gyr_buf.push_back(gyr);
propagate(dt, acc, gyr);
}
/**
* @brief 根据新设置的imu零偏重新对该帧进行预积分
*
* @param[in] _linearized_ba
* @param[in] _linearized_bg
*/
void repropagate(const Eigen::Vector3d &_linearized_ba, const Eigen::Vector3d &_linearized_bg)
{
// 状态量全部清零
sum_dt = 0.0;
acc_0 = linearized_acc;
gyr_0 = linearized_gyr;
delta_p.setZero();
delta_q.setIdentity();
delta_v.setZero();
// 赋上设置的零偏值
linearized_ba = _linearized_ba;
linearized_bg = _linearized_bg;
jacobian.setIdentity();
covariance.setZero();
// 用之前存下来的imu值重新预积分
for (int i = 0; i < static_cast<int>(dt_buf.size()); i++)
propagate(dt_buf[i], acc_buf[i], gyr_buf[i]);
}
void midPointIntegration(double _dt, // _dt: i时刻与i+1时刻的时间间隔
const Eigen::Vector3d &_acc_0, const Eigen::Vector3d &_gyr_0,
const Eigen::Vector3d &_acc_1, const Eigen::Vector3d &_gyr_1,
const Eigen::Vector3d &delta_p, const Eigen::Quaterniond &delta_q, const Eigen::Vector3d &delta_v,
const Eigen::Vector3d &linearized_ba, const Eigen::Vector3d &linearized_bg,
Eigen::Vector3d &result_delta_p, Eigen::Quaterniond &result_delta_q, Eigen::Vector3d &result_delta_v,
Eigen::Vector3d &result_linearized_ba, Eigen::Vector3d &result_linearized_bg, bool update_jacobian)
{
//ROS_INFO("midpoint integration");
// 首先中值积分更新状态量 （p, v, q : α，β，γ 位置，速度，姿态
// un_acc_0 i时刻imu坐标系值转到相机k时刻坐标系 delta_q： Rki k 图像帧k imu i
Vector3d un_acc_0 = delta_q * (_acc_0 - linearized_ba);
Vector3d un_gyr = 0.5 * (_gyr_0 + _gyr_1) - linearized_bg;
// ceita很小的时候 [1 , 1/2*wt]，四元数 实部为1，虚部三个数 wt/2
result_delta_q = delta_q * Quaterniond(1, un_gyr(0) * _dt / 2, un_gyr(1) * _dt / 2, un_gyr(2) * _dt / 2); // i+21时刻旋转值
Vector3d un_acc_1 = result_delta_q * (_acc_1 - linearized_ba);
Vector3d un_acc = 0.5 * (un_acc_0 + un_acc_1);
result_delta_p = delta_p + delta_v * _dt + 0.5 * un_acc * _dt * _dt; // v0*t+1/2*a*t*t
result_delta_v = delta_v + un_acc * _dt; // v0+at
result_linearized_ba = linearized_ba;
result_linearized_bg = linearized_bg;
// 随后更新方差矩阵及雅克比
if(update_jacobian)
{
Vector3d w_x = 0.5 * (_gyr_0 + _gyr_1) - linearized_bg;
Vector3d a_0_x = _acc_0 - linearized_ba;
Vector3d a_1_x = _acc_1 - linearized_ba;
Matrix3d R_w_x, R_a_0_x, R_a_1_x;
// 先把反对称矩阵预先计算出来
R_w_x<<0, -w_x(2), w_x(1),
w_x(2), 0, -w_x(0),
-w_x(1), w_x(0), 0;
R_a_0_x<<0, -a_0_x(2), a_0_x(1),
a_0_x(2), 0, -a_0_x(0),
-a_0_x(1), a_0_x(0), 0;
R_a_1_x<<0, -a_1_x(2), a_1_x(1),
a_1_x(2), 0, -a_1_x(0),
-a_1_x(1), a_1_x(0), 0;
MatrixXd F = MatrixXd::Zero(15, 15);
F.block<3, 3>(0, 0) = Matrix3d::Identity();
F.block<3, 3>(0, 3) = -0.25 * delta_q.toRotationMatrix() * R_a_0_x * _dt * _dt +
-0.25 * result_delta_q.toRotationMatrix() * R_a_1_x * (Matrix3d::Identity() - R_w_x * _dt) * _dt * _dt;
F.block<3, 3>(0, 6) = MatrixXd::Identity(3,3) * _dt;
F.block<3, 3>(0, 9) = -0.25 * (delta_q.toRotationMatrix() + result_delta_q.toRotationMatrix()) * _dt * _dt;
F.block<3, 3>(0, 12) = -0.25 * result_delta_q.toRotationMatrix() * R_a_1_x * _dt * _dt * -_dt;
F.block<3, 3>(3, 3) = Matrix3d::Identity() - R_w_x * _dt;
F.block<3, 3>(3, 12) = -1.0 * MatrixXd::Identity(3,3) * _dt;
F.block<3, 3>(6, 3) = -0.5 * delta_q.toRotationMatrix() * R_a_0_x * _dt +
-0.5 * result_delta_q.toRotationMatrix() * R_a_1_x * (Matrix3d::Identity() - R_w_x * _dt) * _dt;
F.block<3, 3>(6, 6) = Matrix3d::Identity();
F.block<3, 3>(6, 9) = -0.5 * (delta_q.toRotationMatrix() + result_delta_q.toRotationMatrix()) * _dt;
F.block<3, 3>(6, 12) = -0.5 * result_delta_q.toRotationMatrix() * R_a_1_x * _dt * -_dt;
F.block<3, 3>(9, 9) = Matrix3d::Identity();
F.block<3, 3>(12, 12) = Matrix3d::Identity();
//cout<<"A"<<endl<<A<<endl;
MatrixXd V = MatrixXd::Zero(15,18);
V.block<3, 3>(0, 0) = 0.25 * delta_q.toRotationMatrix() * _dt * _dt;
V.block<3, 3>(0, 3) = 0.25 * -result_delta_q.toRotationMatrix() * R_a_1_x * _dt * _dt * 0.5 * _dt;
V.block<3, 3>(0, 6) = 0.25 * result_delta_q.toRotationMatrix() * _dt * _dt;
V.block<3, 3>(0, 9) = V.block<3, 3>(0, 3);
V.block<3, 3>(3, 3) = 0.5 * MatrixXd::Identity(3,3) * _dt;
V.block<3, 3>(3, 9) = 0.5 * MatrixXd::Identity(3,3) * _dt;
V.block<3, 3>(6, 0) = 0.5 * delta_q.toRotationMatrix() * _dt;
V.block<3, 3>(6, 3) = 0.5 * -result_delta_q.toRotationMatrix() * R_a_1_x * _dt * 0.5 * _dt;
V.block<3, 3>(6, 6) = 0.5 * result_delta_q.toRotationMatrix() * _dt;
V.block<3, 3>(6, 9) = V.block<3, 3>(6, 3);
V.block<3, 3>(9, 12) = MatrixXd::Identity(3,3) * _dt;
V.block<3, 3>(12, 15) = MatrixXd::Identity(3,3) * _dt;
//step_jacobian = F;
//step_V = V;
jacobian = F * jacobian;
covariance = F * covariance * F.transpose() + V * noise * V.transpose();
}
}
void propagate(double _dt, const Eigen::Vector3d &_acc_1, const Eigen::Vector3d &_gyr_1)
{
dt = _dt;
acc_1 = _acc_1;
gyr_1 = _gyr_1;
Vector3d result_delta_p;
Quaterniond result_delta_q;
Vector3d result_delta_v;
Vector3d result_linearized_ba;
Vector3d result_linearized_bg;
// 中值积分 acc_0：k时刻加速度计的值 _acc_1：k+1时刻加速度计的值 delta_p, delta_q, delta_v：k时刻的α β γ
midPointIntegration(_dt, acc_0, gyr_0, _acc_1, _gyr_1, delta_p, delta_q, delta_v, // 输入参数 入参
linearized_ba, linearized_bg, // 零偏
result_delta_p, result_delta_q, result_delta_v, // 输出参数 出参
result_linearized_ba, result_linearized_bg, 1);
//checkJacobian(_dt, acc_0, gyr_0, acc_1, gyr_1, delta_p, delta_q, delta_v,
// linearized_ba, linearized_bg);
delta_p = result_delta_p;
delta_q = result_delta_q;
delta_v = result_delta_v;
linearized_ba = result_linearized_ba;
linearized_bg = result_linearized_bg;
delta_q.normalize();
sum_dt += dt;
acc_0 = acc_1;
gyr_0 = gyr_1;
}
// 计算和给定相邻帧状态量的残差
Eigen::Matrix<double, 15, 1> evaluate(const Eigen::Vector3d &Pi, const Eigen::Quaterniond &Qi, const Eigen::Vector3d &Vi, const Eigen::Vector3d &Bai, const Eigen::Vector3d &Bgi,
const Eigen::Vector3d &Pj, const Eigen::Quaterniond &Qj, const Eigen::Vector3d &Vj, const Eigen::Vector3d &Baj, const Eigen::Vector3d &Bgj)
{
Eigen::Matrix<double, 15, 1> residuals;
Eigen::Matrix3d dp_dba = jacobian.block<3, 3>(O_P, O_BA);
Eigen::Matrix3d dp_dbg = jacobian.block<3, 3>(O_P, O_BG);
Eigen::Matrix3d dq_dbg = jacobian.block<3, 3>(O_R, O_BG);
Eigen::Matrix3d dv_dba = jacobian.block<3, 3>(O_V, O_BA);
Eigen::Matrix3d dv_dbg = jacobian.block<3, 3>(O_V, O_BG);
Eigen::Vector3d dba = Bai - linearized_ba;
Eigen::Vector3d dbg = Bgi - linearized_bg;
Eigen::Quaterniond corrected_delta_q = delta_q * Utility::deltaQ(dq_dbg * dbg);
Eigen::Vector3d corrected_delta_v = delta_v + dv_dba * dba + dv_dbg * dbg;
Eigen::Vector3d corrected_delta_p = delta_p + dp_dba * dba + dp_dbg * dbg;
residuals.block<3, 1>(O_P, 0) = Qi.inverse() * (0.5 * G * sum_dt * sum_dt + Pj - Pi - Vi * sum_dt) - corrected_delta_p;
residuals.block<3, 1>(O_R, 0) = 2 * (corrected_delta_q.inverse() * (Qi.inverse() * Qj)).vec();
residuals.block<3, 1>(O_V, 0) = Qi.inverse() * (G * sum_dt + Vj - Vi) - corrected_delta_v;
residuals.block<3, 1>(O_BA, 0) = Baj - Bai;
residuals.block<3, 1>(O_BG, 0) = Bgj - Bgi;
return residuals;
}
double dt;
Eigen::Vector3d acc_0, gyr_0;
Eigen::Vector3d acc_1, gyr_1;
const Eigen::Vector3d linearized_acc, linearized_gyr;
Eigen::Vector3d linearized_ba, linearized_bg;
Eigen::Matrix<double, 15, 15> jacobian, covariance;
Eigen::Matrix<double, 15, 15> step_jacobian;
Eigen::Matrix<double, 15, 18> step_V;
Eigen::Matrix<double, 18, 18> noise;
double sum_dt;
Eigen::Vector3d delta_p;
Eigen::Quaterniond delta_q;
Eigen::Vector3d delta_v;
std::vector<double> dt_buf;
std::vector<Eigen::Vector3d> acc_buf;
std::vector<Eigen::Vector3d> gyr_buf;
};
注：预积分理论部分放在下一篇博文，后续更新
总结
每当一个imu数据到来时- 首先根据中值积分更新一下预积分量
- 根据连续时间误差传递,计算 F、V矩阵
- F矩阵一方面更新雅克比矩阵,更方便于后面更新零偏对于预积分量的影响；另一方面，F、V矩阵用来更新协方差矩阵。协方差矩阵用来表征预积分量的置信度，用来后面优化用
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