利用ggplot2的绘图

We learn this library "ggplot2" cos the ggplot2 can paint out a beautiful picture. 

1. This means in the way that build a plot layer by layer.

2. Generally ggplot ( 'the main part' ) + geom_XXX(mapping, data, ..., geom, position) such as
#basic form "+" geom_XXX(mapping, data, ..., geom, position) + stat_XXX(mapping, data, ..., stat, position)

p = ggplot(dt, aes(x = A, y = B, color = C, group = factor(1))) +  ## the first layer
    geom_point(size = 3.8) +   ## the second layer
    geom_line(size = 0.8) +    ## the third layer
    geom_text(aes(label = B, vjust = 1.1, hjust = -0.5, angle = 45), show_guide = FALSE) 
    ## the fourth layer
p   ## show this picture

① the first layer : ggplot ('the data you wanna to show' , aes () )
② the second layer : geom_point(size = 0.8 ) 
③ the third layer : geom_line(size = 0.8) Control line length ;
④ the fouth layer: #geom_text(aes(label = B, vjust = 1.1, hjust = -0.5, angle = 45), show_guide = FALSE) 

For example
① Draw a picture for China's Money Supply and analysis it.
② The following xlsx is the data we need.

Year	M0	M1	M2
2006	27072.62	126028.05	345577.91
2007	30334.3	152519.17	403401.3
2008	34218.96	166217.13	475166.6
2009	38246.97	221445.81	610224.52
2010	44628.17	266621.54	725851.79
2011	50748.46	289847.7	851590.9
2012	54659.77	308664.23	974148.8
2013	58574.44	337291.05	1106524.98
2014	58438.53	335114.13	1208605.95

transition

Year	M	C
2006	27072.62	1
2007	30334.3	1
2008	34218.96	1
2009	38246.97	1
2010	44628.17	1
2011	50748.46	1
2012	54659.77	1
2013	58574.44	1
2014	58438.53	1
2006	126028.05	2
2007	152519.17	2
2008	166217.13	2
2009	221445.81	2
2010	266621.54	2
2011	289847.7	2
2012	308664.23	2
2013	337291.05	2
2014	335114.13	2
2006	345577.91	3
2007	403401.3	3
2008	475166.6	3
2009	610224.52	3
2010	725851.79	3
2011	851590.9	3
2012	974148.8	3
2013	1106524.98	3
2014	1208605.95	3

z<-read.table(file=file.choose(),sep=",",header = T)   #Get the file and strictly control the beginning.
library(ggplot2)
x <- z$Year
y <- z$M
C <- z$C
p = ggplot(z, aes(x = x, y = y,colour = factor(C),group = factor(C))) + #ZHUYI
    geom_point(size = 2) +
    geom_line(size = 0.6) +
    geom_text(aes(label = M, vjust = -1, hjust = 0.5, angle = 0 ,fill=I("blue")), show_guide = FALSE) + #Add the value of the point  
    scale_colour_discrete(labels = c('M0','M1','M2'))+  #Set legend labels
    guides(color = guide_legend(title='Money Supply',reverse=TRUE)) +
    xlab(" ") + ylab(" ") + ggtitle("China's Money Supply") #Add axis labels
p

 Note: It is easy to cause a mistake, the seemingly flat M0, in fact, its increase is quite large, but it is very flat under the large data of M2, so the vertical axis should be controlled the next time you read the graph or drawing！

3. Advanced R operation

ggplot(msleep, aes(sleep_rem / sleep_total, awake)) + geom_point() + geom_smooth()
#is equivalent to
plot = ggplot(msleep, aes(sleep_rem / sleep_total, awake)) #FIRST LAYER
plot = plot + geom_point() + geom_smooth() #SECOND LAYER
then we can use this as a mould to save space.

bestfit = geom_smooth(method = "lm", 
                      se = T,
                      colour = "steelblue",
                      alpha=0.5,
                      size = 2)