陶哲轩实分析（上）10.2及习题-Analysis I 10.2

局部最值，Roll定理和中值定理（Lagrange）。

Exercise 10.2.1

First suppose $f$ attains a local maximum at $x_0$, then $\exists \delta >0$, s.t.
$$f(x)\le f(x_0),\forall x\in (a,b)\cap (x_0-\delta ,x_0+\delta )$$
Since $f$ is differentiable at $x_0$, the limit
$$\underset{x\to x_0;x\in (a,b))}{\lim }\frac{f(x)-f(x_0)}{x-x_0}$$
exists, thus both left and right limit exists and is equal to $f^{\prime }(x_0)$.
Notice that
$$\frac{f(x)-f(x_0)}{x-x_0}\ge 0,x\in (a,b)\cap (x_0-\delta ,x_0)$$
and
$$\frac{f(x)-f(x_0)}{x-x_0}\le 0,x\in (a,b)\cap (x_0$$