Unity教程（七）角色蹬墙跳的实现

Unity开发2D类银河恶魔城游戏学习笔记

Unity教程（零）Unity和VS的使用相关内容
Unity教程（一）开始学习状态机
Unity教程（二）角色移动的实现
Unity教程（三）角色跳跃的实现
Unity教程（四）碰撞检测
Unity教程（五）角色冲刺的实现
Unity教程（六）角色滑墙的实现
Unity教程（七）角色蹬墙跳的实现
Unity教程（八）角色攻击的基本实现
Unity教程（九）角色攻击的改进

Unity教程（十）Tile Palette搭建平台关卡
Unity教程（十一）相机
Unity教程（十二）视差背景

Unity教程（十三）敌人状态机

如果你更习惯用知乎
Unity开发2D类银河恶魔城游戏学习笔记目录

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前言

本文为Udemy课程The Ultimate Guide to Creating an RPG Game in Unity学习笔记，如有错误，欢迎指正。

本节进行角色蹬墙跳的实现。

对应b站视频：
【Unity教程】从0编程制作类银河恶魔城游戏P37

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一、概述

本节主要进行蹬墙跳的实现。
状态切换如下：

然后解决了一些小问题，比如落地时仍处于墙跳状态、冲刺时扒到另一个墙上会有延迟。但是视频里解决的几个小问题，有些我个人认为并不需要，会讲到怎么更改，但并不会放在最终代码中。

二、实现蹬墙跳

（1）创建PlayerWallJumpState蹬墙跳类

创建类PlayerWallJumpState，生成构造函数和重写。

在Player中创建PlayerWallJumpState，这里对应的条件变量名是Jump

 #region 状态
 public PlayerStateMachine StateMachine { get; private set; }
 public PlayerIdleState idleState { get; private set; }
 public PlayerMoveState moveState { get; private set; }
 public PlayerJumpState jumpState { get; private set; }
 public PlayerAirState airState { get; private set; }
 public PlayerDashState dashState { get; private set; }
 public PlayerWallSlideState wallSlideState { get; private set; }
 public PlayerWallJumpState wallJumpState { get; private set; }

 #endregion

 //创建对象
 private void Awake()
 {
     StateMachine = new PlayerStateMachine();

     idleState = new PlayerIdleState(StateMachine, this, "Idle");
     moveState = new PlayerMoveState(StateMachine, this, "Move");
     jumpState = new PlayerJumpState(StateMachine, this, "Jump");
     airState = new PlayerAirState(StateMachine, this, "Jump");
     dashState = new PlayerDashState(StateMachine, this, "Dash");
     wallSlideState = new PlayerWallSlideState(StateMachine, this, "WallSlide");
     wallJumpState = new PlayerWallJumpState(StateMachine, this, "Jump");

     anim = GetComponentInChildren<Animator>();
     rb = GetComponent<Rigidbody2D>();

 }

（2）退出蹬墙跳

首先我们设置计时器，在计时器时间小于零时退出蹬墙跳。

	//进入
    public override void Enter()
    {
        base.Enter();

        stateTimer = 1.0f;
    }
	//更新
    public override void Update()
    {
        base.Update();
        if (stateTimer < 0)
            stateMachine.ChangeState(player.airState);
    }

（3）设置蹬墙跳速度

因为我们是面向墙，向墙的反方向跳，所以蹬墙跳x方向速度设置为速度值乘角色面向的反方向。蹬墙跳y方向速度设置为jumpForce。

    //进入
    public override void Enter()
    {
        base.Enter();

        stateTimer = 1.0f;
        player.SetVelocity(5.0f * -player.facingDir, player.jumpForce);
    }

（4）进入蹬墙跳

我们在滑墙状态中按下跳跃键时进入蹬墙跳。

    public override void Update()
    {
        base.Update();
        if(xInput!=0 && xInput!=player.facingDir)
            stateMachine.ChangeState(player.airState);

        if(Input.GetKeyDown(KeyCode.Space))
            stateMachine.ChangeState(player.wallJumpState);

        if(yInput<0)
            rb.velocity = new Vector2(0, rb.velocity.y);
        else
            rb.velocity = new Vector2(0, rb.velocity.y * 0.7f);

        if(player.isGroundDetected())
            stateMachine.ChangeState(player.idleState);
    }

但如果仅仅这样，我们会发现更改速度被打断，这是因为在本次循环中，即使已经切换了墙跳状态，但这一次循环没有结束，墙跳下面这一堆代码都会被执行一次，在设置滑墙速度的判断中x方向会被设置为0。

这里的解决方式，是切换蹬墙跳状态后加一个return

    public override void Update()
    {
        base.Update();

        if(Input.GetKeyDown(KeyCode.Space))
        {
            stateMachine.ChangeState(player.wallJumpState);
            return;
        }
            
        if(xInput!=0 && xInput!=player.facingDir)
            stateMachine.ChangeState(player.airState);
            
        if(yInput<0)
            rb.velocity = new Vector2(0, rb.velocity.y);
        else
            rb.velocity = new Vector2(0, rb.velocity.y * 0.7f);

        if(player.isGroundDetected())
            stateMachine.ChangeState(player.idleState);
    }

更改后

三、解决一些小问题

（1）落地时仍处于墙跳状态

落地时由于冷却时间没有结束，角色仍处于墙跳状态。为了看得明显一点我先加大一下冷却时间。

解决这个问题只要为蹬墙跳的退出条件加上地面检测就可以了。

    //更新
    public override void Update()
    {
        base.Update();

        if(player.isGroundDetected())
            stateMachine.ChangeState(player.idleState);

        if (stateTimer < 0)
            stateMachine.ChangeState(player.airState);
    }

（2）冲刺时扒到另一个墙上会有延迟

你会发现从墙上冲刺到另一面墙上有个很小的延迟，画面闪了一下才变成爬墙。

我们在冲刺状态中添加一个条件，在检测到墙壁且没有检测到地面时切换到滑墙。

    //更新
    public override void Update()
    {
        base.Update();

        //切换滑墙状态
        if(!player.isGroundDetected() && player.isWallDetected()) 
            stateMachine.ChangeState(player.wallSlideState);

        //设置冲刺速度
        player.SetVelocity(player.dashDir * player.dashSpeed, 0);


        //切换到空闲状态
        if (stateTimer < 0)
            stateMachine.ChangeState(player.idleState);
    }

后面的两个问题我个人觉得不需要解决，解决完了反而觉得有点奇怪。我把视频讲解放在下面，如果需要可以更改。

（3）对墙冲刺（可不解决）

要解决这个问题，可以添加以下代码：
这里记得把这个墙体检测放在计数器后面，不然在冲刺触壁时冷却时间会没法减少

    //检查冲刺输入
    public void CheckForDashInput()
    {

        dashUsageTimer -= Time.deltaTime;

        if (isWallDetected())
            return;


        if (Input.GetKeyDown(KeyCode.LeftShift) && dashUsageTimer<0)
        {
            dashUsageTimer = dashCoolDown;
            dashDir = Input.GetAxisRaw("Horizontal");

            if (dashDir == 0)
                dashDir = facingDir;

            StateMachine.ChangeState(dashState);
        }
    }

（4）对墙奔跑（可不解决）

这里按照视频的把切换空闲状态的条件改为

        //切换到空闲状态
        if(xInput==0 || player.isWallDetected())
            stateMachine.ChangeState(player.idleState);

会出现问题，空闲状态和移动状态会不停切换，因为会不停变为空闲状态然后检测到墙壁。

在空闲状态中添加以下条件可以解决

    //更新
    public override void Update()
    {
        base.Update();

        //切换到移动状态
        if(xInput!=0 && !(player.isWallDetected()&&xInput==player.facingDir))
            stateMachine.ChangeState(player.moveState);
    }

总结 完整代码

Player.cs

创建蹬墙跳状态

//Player:玩家
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;

public class Player : MonoBehaviour
{

    [Header("Move Info")]
    public float moveSpeed = 8f;
    public int facingDir { get; private set; } = 1;
    private bool facingRight = true;

    public float jumpForce = 12f;


    [Header("Dash Info")]
    [SerializeField] private float dashCoolDown;
    private float dashUsageTimer;
    public float dashSpeed=25f;
    public float dashDuration=0.2f;
    public float dashDir {  get; private set; }
    


    [Header("Collision Info")]
    [SerializeField] private Transform groundCheck;
    [SerializeField] private float groundCheckDistance;
    [SerializeField] private Transform wallCheck;
    [SerializeField] private float wallCheckDistance;
    [SerializeField] private LayerMask whatIsGround;

    #region 组件
    public Animator anim { get; private set; }
    public Rigidbody2D rb { get; private set; }
    #endregion


    #region 状态
    public PlayerStateMachine StateMachine { get; private set; }
    public PlayerIdleState idleState { get; private set; }
    public PlayerMoveState moveState { get; private set; }
    public PlayerJumpState jumpState { get; private set; }
    public PlayerAirState airState { get; private set; }
    public PlayerDashState dashState { get; private set; }
    public PlayerWallSlideState wallSlideState { get; private set; }
    public PlayerWallJumpState wallJumpState { get; private set; }

    #endregion

    //创建对象
    private void Awake()
    {
        StateMachine = new PlayerStateMachine();

        idleState = new PlayerIdleState(StateMachine, this, "Idle");
        moveState = new PlayerMoveState(StateMachine, this, "Move");
        jumpState = new PlayerJumpState(StateMachine, this, "Jump");
        airState = new PlayerAirState(StateMachine, this, "Jump");
        dashState = new PlayerDashState(StateMachine, this, "Dash");
        wallSlideState = new PlayerWallSlideState(StateMachine, this, "WallSlide");
        wallJumpState = new PlayerWallJumpState(StateMachine, this, "Jump");

        anim = GetComponentInChildren<Animator>();
        rb = GetComponent<Rigidbody2D>();

    }

    // 设置初始状态
    private void Start()
    {
        StateMachine.Initialize(idleState);
    }

    // 更新
    private void Update()
    {
        StateMachine.currentState.Update();

        CheckForDashInput();
    }

    //检查冲刺输入
    public void CheckForDashInput()
    {

        dashUsageTimer -= Time.deltaTime;

        if (Input.GetKeyDown(KeyCode.LeftShift) && dashUsageTimer<0)
        {
            dashUsageTimer = dashCoolDown;
            dashDir = Input.GetAxisRaw("Horizontal");

            if (dashDir == 0)
                dashDir = facingDir;

            StateMachine.ChangeState(dashState);
        }
    }

    //设置速度
    public void SetVelocity(float _xVelocity, float _yVelocity)
    {
        rb.velocity = new Vector2(_xVelocity, _yVelocity);
        FlipController(_xVelocity);
    }

    //翻转实现
    public void Flip()
    {
        facingDir = -1 * facingDir;
        facingRight = !facingRight;
        transform.Rotate(0, 180, 0);
    }
    //翻转控制
    public void FlipController(float _x)
    {
        if (_x > 0 && !facingRight)
            Flip();
        else if(_x < 0 && facingRight)
            Flip();
    }


    //碰撞检测
    public bool isGroundDetected() => Physics2D.Raycast(groundCheck.position, Vector2.down, groundCheckDistance, whatIsGround);
    public bool isWallDetected() => Physics2D.Raycast(wallCheck.position,Vector2.right * facingDir,wallCheckDistance,whatIsGround);


    //绘制碰撞检测
    private void OnDrawGizmos()
    {
        Gizmos.DrawLine(groundCheck.position, new Vector3(groundCheck.position.x, groundCheck.position.y - groundCheckDistance));
        Gizmos.DrawLine(wallCheck.position, new Vector3(wallCheck.position.x+ wallCheckDistance, wallCheck.position.y));
    }
}

PlayerWallJumpState.cs

设置冷却时间，设置退出条件切换到空中或空闲状态

public class PlayerWallJumpState : PlayerState
{
    //构造函数
    public PlayerWallJumpState(PlayerStateMachine _stateMachine, Player _player, string _animBoolName) : base(_stateMachine, _player, _animBoolName)
    {
    }

    //进入
    public override void Enter()
    {
        base.Enter();

        stateTimer = 1.0f;
        player.SetVelocity(5.0f * -player.facingDir, player.jumpForce);
    }

    //退出
    public override void Exit()
    {
        base.Exit();
    }

    //更新
    public override void Update()
    {
        base.Update();

        if(player.isGroundDetected())
            stateMachine.ChangeState(player.idleState);

        if (stateTimer < 0)
            stateMachine.ChangeState(player.airState);
    }
}

PlayerWallSlideState.cs

进入蹬墙跳状态

//PlayerWallSlideState:滑墙状态
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using Unity.VisualScripting;
using UnityEngine;

public class PlayerWallSlideState : PlayerState
{
    public PlayerWallSlideState(PlayerStateMachine _stateMachine, Player _player, string _animBoolName) : base(_stateMachine, _player, _animBoolName)
    {
    }

    public override void Enter()
    {
        base.Enter();
    }

    public override void Exit()
    {
        base.Exit();
    }

    public override void Update()
    {
        base.Update();

        if(Input.GetKeyDown(KeyCode.Space))
        {
            stateMachine.ChangeState(player.wallJumpState);
            return;
        }

        if(xInput!=0 && xInput!=player.facingDir)
            stateMachine.ChangeState(player.airState);

        if(yInput<0)
            rb.velocity = new Vector2(0, rb.velocity.y);
        else
            rb.velocity = new Vector2(0, rb.velocity.y * 0.7f);

        if(player.isGroundDetected())
            stateMachine.ChangeState(player.idleState);
    }
}

PlayerDashState.cs

切换滑墙状态

//PlayerDashState:冲刺状态
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;

public class PlayerDashState : PlayerState
{
    //构造函数
    public PlayerDashState(PlayerStateMachine _stateMachine, Player _player, string _animBoolName) : base(_stateMachine, _player, _animBoolName)
    {
    }

    //进入状态
    public override void Enter()
    {
        base.Enter();

        //设置冲刺持续时间
        stateTimer = player.dashDuration;
    }

    //退出状态
    public override void Exit()
    {
        base.Exit();
    }

    //更新
    public override void Update()
    {
        base.Update();

        //切换滑墙状态
        if(!player.isGroundDetected() && player.isWallDetected()) 
            stateMachine.ChangeState(player.wallSlideState);

        //设置冲刺速度
        player.SetVelocity(player.dashDir * player.dashSpeed, 0);


        //切换到空闲状态
        if (stateTimer < 0)
            stateMachine.ChangeState(player.idleState);
    }
}