Ubuntu上安装配置软件常见错误

安装ros出现有依赖包无法安装的情况，比如python-catkin-pkg依赖；或者是在安装其他软件时缺少依赖，这时可以试试命令终端中输入以下命令：

sudo apt-get install -f

或者

sudo apt-get update

或者

sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

或者

sudo apt-get upgrade

如果不行换个国内其他软件源重复以上步骤试试。国内常用的几个源：

Ubuntu 14.04常用的源列表

（1）阿里云源

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse

（2）网易源

deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse

（3）教育网之浙大源

deb http://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main multiverse restricted universe

（4）教育网之中科大源

deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main multiverse restricted universe

（5）教育网之清华源

deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

Ubuntu 16.04常用的源列表

（1）阿里云源

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse

（2）网易源

deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse

（3）教育网之浙大源

deb http://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/ubuntu xenial main universe restricted multiverse
deb http://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/ubuntu xenial-security main universe restricted multiverse
deb http://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/ubuntu xenial-updates main universe restricted multiverse
deb http://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/ubuntu xenial-proposed main universe restricted multiverse
deb http://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/ubuntu xenial-backports main universe restricted multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/ubuntu xenial main universe restricted multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/ubuntu xenial-security main universe restricted multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/ubuntu xenial-updates main universe restricted multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/ubuntu xenial-proposed main universe restricted multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/ubuntu xenial-backports main universe restricted multiverse

（4）教育网之中科大源

deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse

（5）教育网之清华源

deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main multiverse restricted universe

 

如果还不行，就无能为力了，可以去ROS wiki官网看看你要安装的那个软件包依赖是否在当前Ubuntu版本下还依然支持，比如python-catkin-pkg包当前已经不支持14.04版本了。如果不支持趁早换个Ubuntu版本吧。

如果以上步骤成功之后，ros会成功安装，sudo rosdep init和rosdep update可以继续进行。其余软件包安装时也会经常出现上面的情况，使用上面的步骤，结合tab键一起使用，安装完所有提示的依赖。例如使用“sudo apt-get install -f”之后，teamviewer的下载包能正常安装了，说明依赖项已经安装实现完成：