Effective C++(编写new和delete时需固守常规)

---

author:

• luixiao1223
  title: 编写new和delete时需固守常规

---

new

1. 如果顺利返回指针
2. 如果不顺利, 调用new handler(希望它可以做些什么).
3. 如果没有new handler则返回 =bad_alloc=

void* operator new(std::size_t size) throw(std::bad_alloc)
{
    using namespace std;
    if (size == 0) {
        size = 1;
    }
    while (true) {
        if ( the allocation was successful)
            return (a pointer to the memory);
        new_handler globalHandler = set_new_handler(0);// 你没有其它办法拿到new_handler,只能这样拿,如果是多线程,你需要注意在这里加锁.
        set_new_handler(globalHandler);
        if (globalHandler) (*globalHandler)();
        else throw std::bad_alloc();
    }
}

注意

如果new operator定义在class.而class被继承了.就不会对劲了.

class Base {
public:
    static void* operator new(std::size_t size) throw(std::bad_alloc);
    ...
};
class Derived: public Base
{ ... };
Derived *p = new Derived;

void* Base::operator new(std::size_t size) throw(std::bad_alloc)
{
    if (size != sizeof(Base)) // 如果是derived class来调用new
        return ::operator new(size);
}

array new

=operator new[]=

对于这个内存分配,也应该注意,你不应该假设要分配的内存为sizeof(base)*count.因为,继承的class可能也会调用这个operator.所以你只能按照传递进来的数据大小进行分配内存.

delete

对于delete需要注意一点就是,删除null指针永远安全.

void operator delete(void *rawMemory) throw()
{
    if (rawMemory == 0) return;
    // 归还内存
}

class内的operator

class Base {
public:
    static void* operator new(std::size_t size) throw(std::bad_alloc);
    static void operator delete(void *rawMemory, std::size_t size) throw();
};

void Base::operator delete(void *rawMemory, std::size_t size) throw()
{
    if (rawMemory == 0) return;
    if (size != sizeof(Base)) { // 如果是derived class调用释放操作,则交给常规的释放操作符
        ::operator delete(rawMemory);
        return;
    }
    return;
}

注意:
别忘记了virtual函数的重要性.如果你忘记设置virtual属性.那么不能保证delete的正确性.